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LAM SƠN NĂM 2022

ĐỀ ĐỀ XUẤT ĐỀ THI MÔN: TIẾNG ANH – KHỐI 11

Thời gian: 180 phút (Không kể thời gian giao đề)
(Đề thi gồm 15 trang)

LISTENING (50 points)

Part 1: Listen to a dialogue between two students and answer the questions with NO MORE THAN
THREE WORDS.
1. What important aspect of history do they need to learn?
_________________________________________________
2. What do we need to know about our ancestors?
_________________________________________________
3. What does the study of anthropology include?
_________________________________________________
4. What aspect of geography is focused on in the course?
_________________________________________________
5. How are social studies often criticized for?
_________________________________________________

Part 2: Listen to a talk about malware and decide if the statements are true or false.
6. Malwares mostly aim to steal secret data from digital devices.
7. All emails carry a certain type of malware.
8. Viruses will enter computers and spread when users receive an executable file.
9. Trojans not only steal confidential data but also enable cybercriminal to enter your computer.
10. The spread of both viruses and worms depends on infected host file.
Your answer:
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Part 3: You will hear part of a discussion programme where Florence, a marketing expert, and Mark, a
retail analyst, discuss impulse buying. For questions 11-15, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which fits
best according to what you hear.

11. What does Mark imply when talking about the items made people purchase through impulse
shopping?
A. Many expensive items are often purchased in this way.
B. Impulse shopping can result in consumers buying unnecessary items.
C. Most impulse buys take place in clothes shops.
D. People very often purchase items that they cannot afford.
12. What point do both Mark and Florence make about the retail industry?
A. It actively encourages impulse-buying behaviours.
B. It maximizes its profits by offering promotions on expensive items.
C. It has conducted extensive research into influencing people's way of thinking.
D. It often presents products of lesser quality as a good deal.
13. What do Mark and Florence agree has made impulse buying easier?
A. more disposable income
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 B. the availability of cheaper products
C. a wider variety of payment methods
D. advances in technology
14. When describing the relationship between stress and shopping, Florence says that
A. shopping may help to briefly reduce stress levels.
B. all impulse buys are done when the consumer is stressed.
C. the act of shopping can be stressful in itself.
D. consumers shop online to avoid stress.
15. What advice does Mark have for anyone wanting to curb their spending habits?
A. avoid the shops altogether.
B. be aware that emotions guide purchasing decision.
C. delay making a purchase.
D. set a monthly budget for one’s spending.
Your answer:
11. 12. 13. 14. 15.

Part 4: You will listen to a talk about nuclear waste. For questions 16-25, fill in the gap with NO MORE
THAN THREE WORDS.
In Onkalo, Finland, the world’s first 16.__________________ for high-level nuclear waste is under
construction.
One drawback of developing nuclear energy is spent fuel rods of 17.___________________, which Finland is
planning to dispose permanently.
The rods will be kept in 18.__________________ buried nearly half a kilometer underground for at least
100,000 years until the 19__________________ decay to acceptable levels.

There are a series of barriers to keep the rods safe underground.

First barrier: The rock
- have few 20._____________________
- be impervious to water
Second barrier: Bentonite
- be water absorbing
- plug 21._____________________
- block microbes
- speed up 22._____________________
Third barrier: Copper
- won’t corrode due to being 23._________________

The plan in Finland was better than some other countries thanks to
- 24.________________ in the sighting process
- promise of jobs from the company
- promise of a new senior center
- Finns’ trust in state institutions
Around 2120, after having entombed 6500 tons of waste in Onkalo, all access tunnels will be backfilled and
sealed up, service structure will be 25.______________, no sign of the repository will remain.
Your answer:
16. 17. 18. 19. 20.
21. 22. 23. 24. 25.

LEXICO-GRAMMAR (30 points)

Part 1: Choose the correct answer to complete the sentence
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1. ________ my dad, I would never have started playing tennis in the first place.
A. Were it for B. Were it to be for C. Had it not been for D. Were it not for
2. We _________ as well try to sell this old sofa before throwing it out.
A. could B. should C. might D. can
3. I’d rather you ________ anything for tonight, but I suppose it’s too late to change things now.
A. not arrange B. don’t arrange C. didn’t arrange D. hadn’t arranged
4. I feel ________ to inform the committee that a number of members are very unhappy with.
A. my duty B. this my duty C. it my duty D. that my duty
5. ________ I’d like to help you out , I’m afraid I just haven’t got any spare money at the moment.
A. Even B. Despite C. Much as D. Try as
6. The company’s announced it’s ________ over 1,000 workers.
A. lay off B. set off D. switch off D. kill off
7. You’ll regret it if you don’t ________ your important data.
A. do up B. back up C. key in D. test out
8. I didn’t ________ to be a millionaire- I just wanted to run a successful business.
A. crop up B. wind down C. set out D. tide over
9. My fingers are tired. I’ve been ________ at this keyboard for hours.
A. slaving away B. breaking away C. plodding away D. hammering away
10. So ________ what you are saying is that I am being made redundant.
A. in effect B. in good faith C. in that D. in between
11. We have it ________ that they’re thinking of closing the local office.
A. on good authority B. authority on C. in authority D. with authority
12. Since it was a minor offence, Derek was sent to ________ prison.
A. an open B. an easy C. a soft D. a weak
13. Don’t worry- the documents are safely _______ lock and key at my place.
A. in B. on C. under D. within
14. Ian’s really under his boss’s ________ and isn’t allowed to make any decisions himself.
A. finger B. hand C. thumb D. eye
15. Our neighbour is a bit strange, but ________ and let live, I always say.
A. take B. come C. do D. live
16. This is the third time he’s been caught- they are really going to throw the ________ at him this time.
A. book B. rod C. row D. pen
17. I’ve spent the whole morning vacuuming the inside of the car. It’s now clean as a ________.
A. dust B. cucumber C. whistle D. lab
18. You have to go through a number of ________ stages before you become an expert.
A. medium B. average C. moderate D. intermediate
19. The couple were finally ________ by the landlord after not paying rent for six month.
A. demolished B. rejected C.evicted D. evacuated
20. He’s extremely ________; he turns up every day at nine o’clock on the dot.
A. punctual B. temporary C. long-standing D. subsequent
Your answer:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20.

Part 2: Provide the correct form of words in brakets.

21. The Mekong Delta region was at the (front) of climate change adaptation in Viet Nam.

22. The degradation had been caused by a range of factors including lack of sediment, and the land use in the
coastal zone pressing the dike (sea).

23. The inadequate water management and overexploitation of groundwater resulted in land (subside).

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24. Also known as IT security, (secure) measures are designed to combat threats against networked systems and
applications.

25. The international supporters have committed to supporting Viet Nam in strengthening the coastal zones of
the Mekong Delta and the (resile) of its inhabitants.

26. The environmental ministry is writing more detailed instructions under this law to (actual) and monitor
waste classification.

27.  Waste classification in each family is undoubtedly needed and a (do).

28. KOICA is trying to solve the environmental problems through cooperation with various partners including
academia, (start) and private businesses.

29. The amendment to the law against domestic violence has been discussed at the group stage, and deputies
have been (brain) acts that can be included.

30. No matter how heavy or light it is, domestic violence leaves (repair) mental scars. 

Your answer:

21. 22. 23. 24. 25.

26. 27. 28. 29. 30.

READING (60 points)

Part 1: Fill in the gap with ONE suitable word. (15pts)
What do Einstein, Leonardo da Vinci, Julius Caesar, and Napoleon have in common? They were all left-
handed! Beginning early in history, southpaws were feared, neglected, and punished because use of the left
hand was considered 1.________ . In fact, the Latin word for “left” is “sinister.” Due to
this 2._________ against the left, left-handed people were forced to switch hands. This change caused many
problems for lefties in school, which resulted in frustration, bad behavior, and high drop-out rates. Maybe that is
why lefties were 3.________ as unintelligent, an idea that could not be further from the truth.
 Researchers studying the brain have found differences in the left side and right side of the brain. Researchers
believe that people who use more of the left side of their brain tend to be more 4.________. They also tend to
use language better and solve problems faster. However, one study also showed that left-brain people tend to
have 5.________ memories.
 So, which side of the brain do lefties use? Actually, both. Right-handed people use the left side of the brain
more, whereas left-handed people use both sides of the brain almost 6.________. The part connecting the two
halves of the brain is usually larger in left-handed people. Therefore, information can pass more 7.________
from one side of the brain to the other. The left hemisphere of the brain controls speech, language,
writing, logic, mathematics, and science. The right hemisphere controls music, art, creativity, perception, and
emotion. Since lefties use both sides, they are often both creative and scientific.
 Approximately ten percent of the world is left-handed, and the 8.________ of left-handed males to left-handed
females is two to one. Thankfully, parents and teachers no longer 9.________ left-handedness as a problem to
be cured. It may actually contribute to a child’s excellence! If allowed to learn and develop in their own way,
lefties will 10.________ in school. Perhaps one of these lefties might turn out to be the next Einstein or da
Vinci.
(Reading challenge 2)
Your answer:

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
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Part 2: Read the passage and answer the questions followed. (13pts)

The Phantom Hand

This illusion is extraordinarily complelling the first time you encounter it.

There is a very striking illusion in which you can feel a rubber hand being touched as if it were your
own. To find out for yourself, ask a friend to sit across from you at a small table. Set up a vertical partition on
the table, rest your right hand behind it where you cannot see it, and place a plastic right hand in view. Ask your
assistant to repeatedly tap and stroke your concealed right hand in a random sequence. Tap, tap, tap, stroke, tap,
stroke, stroke. At the same time, while you watch, they must also tap and stroke the visible plastic dummy at
exactly the same time in the same way. If your friend continues the procedure for about twenty or thirty
seconds, something quite strange will happen: you will have an uncanny feeling that you are actually being
stroke on the fake hand. The sensations you feel will seem to emerge directly form the plastic.

Why does this happen? Matthew Botinick and Jonathan Cohen, at the University of Pittsburgh and
Carnegie Mellion University, who reported the so-called rubber hand illusion in 1998, have suggested that the
similarity in appearance fools the brain into mistaking the false hand for your real hand. They believe this
illusion is strong enough to overcome the discrepancy between the position of your real hand that you can feel
and the site of the plastic hand you can see.

But that is not the whole story. William Hirstein and Kathleen Carrie Armel of the University of
California discovered a further twist: the object your helper touches does not even need to resemble your hand.
The same effect is produced if they tap and stroke the table. Try the same experiment, but this time gets your
acquaintance to rub and tap the surface in front of you while making matching movements on your real,
concealed hand. You will eventually start feeling touch sensations emerge from the wood surface.

This illusion is extraordinarily compelling the first time you encounter it. But how can scientists be
certain that the subject really believes that they are feeling sensations through the table? Kathleen Carrie Armel
again and Vilayanur S Ramachandran learned that, once the illusion has developed, if you “threaten” the table
by aiming a blow at it, the person winces and even starts sweating. This reaction was demonstrated objectively
by measuring a sudden decrease in electrical skin resistance caused by perspiration. It is as if the table becomes
incorporated into a person’s own body image so that it is linked to emotional centres in the brain; the subject
perceives a threat to the table as a threat to themselves.

This may all sound like a magic trick, but it does have practical applications. In fact, the experiments
were inspired by work with patients who had phantom limbs. After a person loses an arm from injury, they may
continue to sense its presence vividly. Often, the phantom seems to be frozen in a painfully awkward position.
To overcome this, a patient was asked to imagine putting their phantom arm behind a mirror. By then putting
their intact arm on the reflective side, they created the visual illusion of having restored the missing arm. If the
patient now moved the intact arm, its reflection- and thus the phantom- was seen to move. Remarkably, it was
felt to move as well, sometimes relieving the painful cramp.

Beyond a practical application, these illusions also demonstrate some important principles underlying
perception. Firstly, perception is based largely on marching up sensory inputs. As you feel your hand being
tapped and stroked and see the table or dummy hand being touched in the same way, your brain asks itself,

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“What is the likelihood that what I see and what I feel could be identical simply by chance? Nil. Therefore, the
other person must be touching me.” Secondly, this mechanism seems to be based on automatic processes that
our intellect cannot override. The brain makes these judgments about the senses automatically; they do not
involve conscious thought. Even a lifetime of experience that an inanimate object is not part of your body is
abandoned in light of the perception that it is.

All of us go through life making certain assumptions about our existence. “My name has always been
Joe” someone might think. “ I was born in San Diego” and so on. All such beliefs can be called into question at
one time or another for various reasons. One premise that seems to be beyond question is that you are anchored
in your body. Yet given a few seconds of the right kind of stimulation, even this obvious fact is temporarily
forsaken, as a table or a plastic hand seem to become a part of you.

Question 11-14: The text reports the findings of three teams of researchers. Match statements 11-14 with
the correct team A, B or C.

A. Botvinick and Cohen B. Hirsteiri and Armel C. Armel and Ramachandran

11. The illusion does not depend on the “phantom” looking like a real hand.

12. The brain can disregard spatial information.

13. If the fake hand is threatened, the subject will show signs of fear.

14. A hand-shaped object is required for the illusion.

Questions 15-17: Choose the correct letter A, B, C or D in answer to these questions.

15. How do researchers explain the fact that subjects respond physically when someone threatens to hit the table
in front of them?

A. The table becomes an integral part of the image subjects have of themselves.

B. It is a reflex action triggered by the movement of the other person’s hand.

C. An electrical connection is established between the subject and the table.

D. Over time, the subject comes to believe that the table is one of these possessions.

16. What does the phantom hand experiment show us about the nature of human perception?

A. It is based on conscious thought processes.

B. It is primarily an unconscious process.

C. It is closely related to intellectual ability.

D. It relies only on sensory information.

17. Which of these statements best summarizes the wider implications of the experiments described in the text?

A. The experiments are valuable in treating patients who have lost limbs.

B. The experiments cast doubt on a fundamental human assumption.

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C. The experiments show humans to be less intelligent than was once thought.

D. Human beings arrive at the truth by analysing the evidence of their senses.

Questions 18-23: Complete the summary below. Choose ONE WORD FROM THE TEXT AND/OR A
NUMBER for each answer.

It is a recognized phenomenon that patients who have been injured and lost 18._______ sometimes continue to
have feelings, like pain or 19.________, in these parts of their body. In order to assist patients like this, doctors
can use a 20.________ placed vertically on a flat surface. The patient imagines that he is putting his phantom
arm behind the mirror and his 21. ________ arm in front. When the patient moves the latter, the 22.________
also moves, giving the patient the illusion that his non-existent arm is moving. In some cases, this illusory
movement may succeed in 23.________ the patient’s discomfort.

Your answer:

11. 12. 13. 14. 15.

16. 17. 18. 19. 20.
21. 22. 23.

Part 3: You are going to read an extract from an autobiography. Seven paragraphs have been removed
from the extract. Choose from the paragraphs A-H the one which fits each gap 24-30. There is one extra
paragraph wich you do not need to use. (7pts)

The Hammond Organ

It’s September 1995 and I’m on my way home to Austin, Texas from Bankok. Breaking the journey in Los
Angeles, I spot an ad for an organ in the classifieds. It’s a 1954 Hammond B2. I can’t resist this little gem, so I
buy it-sight unseen- and arrange to have it collected, crated and trucked to Texas.

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Ever since I heard Green Onions by Booker T and the MG’s on the radio, the sound of a Hammond organ has
moved me. Although ta the time I didn’t know exactly what Booker T. was playing, I knew I wanted to make
that noise. I didn’t even know how to play an organ, but the way it swirled and swam and it your ears off, I
knew somehow I had to have one. So I did my research in the music shops, and found out that the coolest-
sounding organs were all Hammonds, bu that the L100, while it still had that special sound, was lighter and
cheaper than the other models. Not that any of them were cheap, which didn’t mch matter, because I had no
money.

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But when I called them up, they were very helpful. There was no drawback. The only thing I could not do was
move it, once they’d set it up. That wasn’t going to be a problem. The problem would be explaining the arrival
of this beautiful monster to Mum and Dad. But I wasn’t thinking that far ahead. I wasn’t really thinking at all,
apart from wondering-when could it be delivered? “Tomorrow”, “Okey”. And that was it. The next morning at
about 10am there was a knock at the door and two men in white coats were standing on the doorstep. After I’d
signed papers and promised not to move it, we pushed the dining table and chairs back against the wall.

26

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It was all polished and shiny and made our dinning room suite look quite tatty. They showed me how to start it
up and we shooked hands. It couldn’t have been simpler. “ See you in two weeks then.” “Yes, Okey, bye”
slamd. “Aarrgh!” I screamed and ran upstairs to get the record player from the bedroom, set it up on top of the
bookcase, plonked Green Onions on the turntable and cranked it up! Yes, yes, yes, nothing could stop me now. I
had lost my mind and I’d never find it again.

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The next thing to master was the Leslie cabinet. This was where the sound came out. The Leslie is a combined
amplifier and speaker cabinet, but it has two speakers which point up and down. The sound travels through
revolving rotors, which throws the music out in waves. It’s what makes the sound of every Hammond bit and
swim in your ears. You can regulate the speed it rotates and it’s very powerful.

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When Dad came whistling his way up the path after work, I went to the door to head him off. “Hello Dad”. “
What’s up?” “ Nothing much . Well, I’ve got something to tell you’. “yes” “Er, Dad, you’ll never guess what
I’ve got” “ What have you got?” “ A Hammond organ”.

29
He was down the hall and peering round the door suspiciously before I could stop him. “Blimey” he said.
“Well, I am blowed. Where’s the dining room table gone?” he was in the doorway, trying to squeeze past the
monster organ and the Leslie. “It’s great, isn’t it?” “ Well, it is big… how are we going to eat with this thing in
here, and why didn’t you ask me or your mum?” “Sorry, but it’ll only be here for a couple of weeks, listen to
this,” I played the first part of Green Onions on it. “Not bad, eh?” “I dunno” he was thinking. “ Here, don’t day
a word, let me break it to your mum.”

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I bought it on the “never, never”. Dad co-signed the hire purchase forms for me because I was under age.

------------------------------

The missing paragraphs

A. This meant that there was now enough room. Very carefully, they wheeled in a brand new Hammond organ
and matching bench with the Playing Guide and connecting cables tucked inside the lid, and a band new Leslie
147 speaker cabinet, which filled up the entire room. My face must have been a picture. This was great!

B. I found all that out by fiddling around with it for hours that day until I got some results. Basically, I just
taught myself. The wonderful thing about the Hammond is it sounds good without too much effort. It’s not like
the bagpipes or the violin, where even after a lot of work it can still sound bad.

C. However, I never had any ambition as a kid to play the piano, let alone the organ. It was all my mum’s fault.
She’d had a dream of playing the piano since she was a kid, but growing up in the little town of Montrath in the
centre of Ireland, as one of 11 kids, there was hardly money for shoes let alone piano lessons. And as she hadn’t
been able to afford them when she was young, I was going to get them whether I wanted them or not.

D. “What’s a Hammond organ?” “It’s free. I’ve got it for two weeks, then they’ll come and take it away and no
charge whatsoever”. “Where is it then?” “ It’s in the back room, it’s fantastic and it’s not costing a penny.”

E. Then, thumbing through the back pages of the Melody Maker, I noticed an ad for Boosey and Hawkes, in
Regent Street, who were offering to let me: “Try a Hammond Organ in your own home on two weeks’ free
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approval”. “Yeah, right,” I thought. “Pull the other one” I tried to figure out what the catch could be, because I
couldn’t believe they’d let me get my sweaty hands on a genuine Hammond without money changing hands or
at least making a promise to buy.

F. Somehow I knew that meant it was going to be all right. The men in white coats came to take it away two
weeks later and my new mahogany Hammond organ and matching Leslie cabinet arrived the following week.

G. Sometimes, a smell can trigger a memory so strong and true it unravels years in an instant, like the smell of
oil paint, which takes me straight back to my art school days. So, as they unbolt the container, even before I get
to see how beautiful the instrument is, the combination of furniture polish and Hammond oil wafts up my nose
and I get a flashback to 1964, when I caught that odd mixture for the first time.

H. Now I had to figure out how to play the beast and get the same as that. Carefully listening to sustained notes
on the record, I pushed and pulled the drawer bars in and out until I got the same sound. Then if I played the
part right, the sound would change- just like the record.

Your answer:

24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30.

Part 4: Read the passage and answer the questions (15 pts)

THE TRANSPORTATION REVOLUTION

By the close of the eighteenth century, the outlines of a world economy were clearly visible. Centered in
Western Europe, it included Russia, India, the East Indies, the Middle East, northern and western Africa, and
the Americas. Trade had increased greatly and shipping had grown in volume and speed, connecting the
markets of the world more closely than ever before. The world market, however, was confined to the coasts
and along rivers, and its effects were rarely felt a hundred miles inland. The expansion of economic
activity into the interior, and its spread throughout China, Japan, Oceania, and Africa, was a major development
of the nineteenth century. It was largely accomplished through a revolution in transportation, particularly the
development of the steamship, canals, and railroads.
Since the fifteenth century, the wooden sailing ship had been the main instrument of European economic
and political expansion. Sailing ships constantly grew in carrying capacity and speed with improvements in
design, and they were built of easily available materials. The age of sailing ships reached its zenith in the
middle of the nineteenth century, the era of the great ocean-plying clippers that carried the majority of
international trade.
Before 1850, the bulk of internal trade was carried by water. In Western Europe, there had been several
attempts to supplement the excellent river network with canals. However, it was the demands of the Industrial
Revolution, particularly the need to transport huge quantities of coal, that stimulated large scale canal building
in the years 1760, 1850, first in Britain and then in Western Europe and the United States. The introduction of
steamboats gave an additional impetus to river navigation and canal construction. The steamship rose in stature
in the 1870s, when technical progress reduced the amount of coal the steam engine consumed. Technical
innovation, along with the completion of the Suez Canal in 1869, enabled the steamship to surpass the sailing
ship as the chief instrument of international trade.
Methods of land transport continued to be slow, uncertain, and expensive until the boom in railroad
construction at mid century. In 1840 there were 5.500 miles of rail track throughout the world; just twenty years
later, there were 66,000 miles. Of these, 50 percent were in North America and 47 percent were in Europe. The
rail lines built during that period served populated areas where considerable economic activity already existed,
yet a global ideology of railroads gradually emerged: the belief that railroads could populate and bring wealth to
undeveloped regions.

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 In Britain and the United States, private companies built hundreds of uncoordinated rail projects, but in
continental Europe railroad construction became a concern of the state, which provided overall control and a
large share of capital. Until 1914, the building of railroads remained the most important reason for the export of
capital as well as the main method of developing new territories. British capital financed the majority of the
railroads built in India, Canada, and Latin America. The U.S. transcontinental railroad played a key role in
populating and developing huge tracts of land in North America, as did the Trans-Siberian Railway in Asia.
In the course of the nineteenth century, around 9 million square miles of land were settled in North and
South America and Oceania. This was made possible by the decline in transportation costs, which greatly
extended the area from which bulky products such as grains and minerals could be marketed. The introduction
of refrigeration on railcars and steamers in the 1870s opened huge markets for meat, dairy products, and fruit
in North America and Europe. The 1870s also saw the adoption of steel rails, electric signals, compressed-air
brakes, and other inventions that made railroads a leading source of technical innovation in the nineteenth
century,
In the world context, the rise of the railroad was inseparable from that of the steamship. The economic
and geographic consequences of these two innovations complemented one another. Both had the effect of
increasing the size of markets as well as the amount of economic activity worldwide.
31. Which sentence below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in paragraph 1?
Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
A. International trade had to take place near oceans and rivers and did not extend to interior regions.
B. After several centuries of slow growth, the world economy was no longer confined by geography.
C. The effects of economic activity were felt everywhere, but especially along coasts and rivers.
D. World markets expanded rapidly, affecting people who lived hundreds of miles from the coast.
32. The word zenith in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to
A. final goal
B. slow period
C. natural limit
D. high point
33. What factor led to an increase in canal building?
A. Competition among the world powers
B. The need to move large quantities of coal
C. Improvements in the design of sailing ships
D. An increase in the export of capital
34. The word impetus in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to
A. push
B. style
C. shock
D. cost
35. Which of the following is given as a reason for the rise of the steamship over the sailing ship?
A.Wood for the construction of sailing ships became scarce.
B. The steamship could travel at faster speeds than the sailing ship.
C. Steamships were better than sailing ships at navigating canals.
D.Technical advances made the steamship require less coal.
36. According to the passage, what was a major result of railroad building in the nineteenth century?
A. The majority of wealth became concentrated in a few powerful nations.
B. Competition increased between private and state-owned companies.
C. There was an increase in the demand for an educated workforce.
D. Large parts of the world became populated and economically developed.
37. Why does the author mention refrigeration in paragraph 6?
A. To show how the steam engine contributed to refrigeration.
B. To illustrate the standard of living of North America and Europe.
C. To give an example of an innovation that expanded markets.
D. To argue that refrigeration was the most important invention of the time.
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38. All of the following were effects of the transportation revolution EXCEPT
A. the spread of trade to new regions
B. innovations in technology
C. population decline in major cities
D. an increase in the size of world markets
39. It can be inferred from the passage that the author most likely believes which of the following about the
transportation revolution of the nineteenth century?
A. There will never again be so many developments in transportation in a single century.
B. Improvements in transportation had a direct impact on world economics.
C. The transportation revolution was part of a worldwide political revolution.
D. Technical innovations of that time led to similar inventions in the next century.
40. Look at the four places A, B, C and D, which indicate where the following sentence could be added to the
passage. Where would the sentence best fit?
Railroad construction required enormous amounts of capital and was financed in diverse ways.
(A) In Britain and the United States, private companies built hundreds of uncoordinated rail projects, but in
continental Europe railroad construction became a concern of the state, which provided overall control and a
large share of capital. (B) Until 1914, the building of railroads remained the most important reason for the
export of capital as well as the main method of developing new territories. (C) British capital financed the
majority of the railroads built in India, Canada, and Latin America. (D) The US. transcontinental railroad played
a key role in populating and developing huge tracts of land in North America, as did the Trans-Siberian Railway
in Asia.
Your answer:

31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40.

Part 4: You are going to read an extract from an article about the Greek philosopher Socrates. For
questions 41-50, choose from the sections (A-D). The sections may be chosen more than once.

In which section are the following mentioned?

41. relationships between people in Socrates’ time

42. the continuing importance of Socrates’ beliefs

43. the writer’s theory concerning what happened to Socrates

44. why little is known about Socrates as a man

45. How the witer set about getting information relevant to Socrates

46. the difference between common perceptions of Socrates and what he was really like

47. an aim that Socrate was critical of

48. the realization that finding out about Socrates was a difficult task

49. how well known Socrates was during his time

50. an issue that Socrates considered in great detail

Seeking Socrates

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It may be more than 2,400 years since his death, but the Greek philosopher can still teach us a thing or two
about leading “the good life”. Bettany Hughes digs deeper.

A. Sharing breakfast with an award-winning author in an Edinburgh hotel a few years back, the conversation
came round to what I was writing next. “A book on Socrates” I mumbled through my muesli. “Socrates!” he
exclaimed. “What a brilliant doughnut subject. Really rich and succulent with a great hole in the middle where
the central character should be” I felt my smile fade because, of course, he was right. Socrates, the Greek
philosopher, might be one of the most famous thinkers of all time, but, as far as we know, he wrote not a single
word down. Born in Athens in 469B.C, condemned to death by a democratic Athenian court in 399B.C,
Socrates philosophized freely for close on half a century. Then he was found guilty of corrupting the young and
of disrespecting the city’s traditional gods. His punishment? Lethal hemlock poison in a small prison cell. We
don’t have Socrates’ personal archive; and we don’t even know where he was buried. So, for many, he has
come to seem aloof and nebulous- a daunting intellectual figure-always just out of reach.

B. But that is a crying shame. Put simply, we think the way we do because Socrates thought the way he did. His
famous aphorism, “the unexamined life is not worth living”, is a central tenet for modern times. His
philosophies-24 centuries old- are also remarkably relevant today. Socrates was acutely aware of the dangers of
excess and overindulgence. He berated his peers for a selfish pursuit of material gain. He questioned the value
of going to fight under an ideological the value of going to fight under an ideological banner of “democracy”.
What is the point of city walls, warships and glittering statues, he asked, if we are not happy? The pursuit of
happiness is one of the political pillars of the West. We care entering what has been describes as “an age of
empathy”. So Socrates’forensic, practical investigation of how to lead “the good life” is more illuminating,
more necessary than ever.

C. Rather than being some kind of remote, tunic-clad beardy who wandered around classical columns, Socrates
was a man of the streets. The philosopher tore through Athens like a tornado, drinking, partying, sweating in the
gym as hard as, if not harder than the next man. For him, philosophy was essential to human life. His mission:
to find the best way to live on earth. As Cicero, the Roman author, perceptively put it: “Socrates brought
philosophy down from the skies”. And so to try to put him back on to the streets he loved and where his
philosophy belonged, I have spent 10 years investigating the eastern Mediterranean landscape to find clues of
his life and the “Golden Age of Athens”. Using the latest archaeology, newly discovered historical sources, and
the accounts of his key followers, Plato and Xenophone, I have endeavoured to create a Socrates-shaped space,
in the glittering city of 500BC Athens- ready for the philosopher to inhabit.

D. The street jargon used to describe the Athens of Socrates’ day gives us a sense of its character. His
hometown was known as “sleek”, “oily”, “violet-crowned”, “busybody” Athens. Lead curse tablets left in
drains, scribbled down by those in the world’s first true democracy, show that however progressive fifth-
century Athenians were, their radical political experiment- allowing the demos (the people) to have kratos
(power)- did not do away with personal rivalries and grudges. Far from it. In fact, in the city where every full
citizen was a potent politician, backbiting and cliquery came to take on epic proportions. By the time of his
death Socrates was caught up in this crossfire.

E. His life story is a reminder that the word “democracy” is not a magic wand. It does not automatically
vaporize all ills. This was Socrates’ beef, too- a society can only be good not because of the powerful words it
bandies around, but thanks to the moral backbone of each and every individual within it. But Athenians became
greedy, they overreached themselves, and lived to see their city walls torn down by their Spartan enemies, and
their radical democracy democratically voted out of existence. The city state needed someone to blame. High-
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profile, maddening, eccentric, freethinking, free-speaking Socrates was a good target. Socrates seems to me to
be democracy’s scapegoat. He was condemned because, in fragile times, anxious political masses want
certainties-not the eternal questions that Socrates asked of the world around him.

Your answer:

41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50.

WRITING (60 points)

Part 1: Summarize the following passage in within about 100-120 words. (15 pts)

Nanotechnology is a new field of applied science. It is an effort to create very tiny machines on a nano scale. A
nano is a unit of measurement which stands for ten to the negative power of nine. It is used to describe very
small things.

One example of nanotechnology in modern use is the making of polymers. These are based on molecular
structure. Another is the design of computer chip layouts. These are based on surface science.

At the nano-size level, the properties of many materials change. For example, copper changes from opaque to
clear. Solid gold becomes liquid at room temperature. Insulators like silicon become conductors. All of these
activities open up many potential risks.

Due to their altered states, nano particles become more mobile. They are also more likely to react with other
things. There are four ways for nano particles to enter the human body. They can be inhaled, swallowed,
absorbed through the skin, or injected. Once these particles are in the body, they are highly mobile.

In fact, the way these particles react inside living things is still not fully understood. But scientists guess that
these tiny objects could easily overload defensive cells. This would weaken a body's defenses against diseases.
Humans could easily lose control of particles this size. This would lead to mass epidemics that would cause
widespread disease and death.

Another concern about nanotechnology is of the environmental risks. One report details the possible disaster of
the Earth being covered in a gray, sticky substance. This terrible event is attributed to the unrestrained self-
replication of microscopic robots. These robots are called nanobots and are able to control themselves.

Therefore, scientists need to collect much more data before they are allowed to create and release nanobots.
They should be highly regulated by laws that only allow licensed scientists to do safe experiments.

Part 2: The bar chart below gives information about the percentage of the population living in urban
areas in different parts of the world. (15pts)

Summaries the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant.

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 100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30 1950
20 2007
10 2050
0

Europe

Latin America

North America
Africa

Asia

Oceania
Changes in percentage of population in urban areas

Part 3: Essay writing (30pts)

In the past, shopping was a routine domestic task. Many people nowadays regarded it as a hobby.

To what extent do you think this is a positive trend? Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant
examples from your own knowledge or experience. Write about 350 words.

THE END

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