(07Q2W4) Abiotic Botic

Interdependence of Living
and Nonliving Things

Mr. Aldwin C. Espiritu
Learning Objectives
Define different ecological interactions present in an
ecosystem.
Determine the different changes in the ecosystem that
affects one factor to another, such as population and
community.
Determine the different changes within the different
abiotic factors in the ecosystem.
Abiotic Factors
What nonliving things affect the health of a garden?
Abiotic Factors
Plants (and other living things) require specific conditions
to survive.
Abiotic factors are the nonliving components of an
environment that help the living components to
survive.
Abiotic Factors
Sunlight — the main source of energy
used by plants in photosynthesis
Photosynthetic plants are called autotrophs;
they make their own food using sunlight
Sunlight also affect the kind of animals
that can live in a particular habitat
Abiotic Factors
Heat — helps speed up photosynthesis
Many animals need heat to keep them active.
Ideal temperature for most plants and animals
is between 0°C to 45°C;
except those adapted to extreme heat or cold
Abiotic Factors
Humidity — amount of water vapor in the atmosphere
High humidty  you feel sweaty and sticky
 molds in bathroom are likely to grow
Humidity affects the evaporative rate of organisms;
affects the way they cool themselves.
Abiotic Factors
Wind — an agent of pollination
carries seeds that will fall to the ground
Temperature and humidity are
affected by wind speed
and direction.
High wind speed may limit
growth and survival of
organisms.
Abiotic Factors
Air — Composed of different gases such as oxygen and
carbon dioxide
Abiotic Factors
Air — Composed of different gases such as oxygen and
carbon dioxide
During photosynthesis, plants use carbon dioxide and
release oxygen.
During respiration, animals use oxygen
and release carbon dioxide.
Aquatic organisms use
dissolved gases in water.
Abiotic Factors
Water — Cells are composed mostly of water
Organisms need to have a water supply.
Huge supply of water  more organisms in the area
Some organisms are adapted to low water supply.
Abiotic Factors
Soil Type — Soil is a mixture of small particles of rock
(sand and clay) and decomposed plants and animals.
Water and nutrients from
the soil are absorbed
by the roots of plants.
Soil varies from place to place.
Abiotic Factors
Soil type is a big factor as to which kinds of plants and
animals will thrive in an area.
Effects of Abiotic Factors
Abiotic factors dictate if certain organisms can survive or
not based on its tolerance range.
Organisms can become stressed, decrease in number, or
eventually become extinct if the abiotic conditions are
not within their tolerance limits.
The optimal range is where the organism is best adapted
to survive.
When the abiotic conditions are within the optimal range
of a certain species, it will result in a large and healthy
population.
Principle of Tolerance Limits
large and
healthy
population
Organisms thrive when the abiotic conditions in the area
are favorable.
When there are changes in the abiotic conditions, they
exhibit adaptive behavior.
When cold season comes,
some birds migrate to
warmer places, then
return only after the
cold season is over.
Checkpoint (p. 182)
Why are abiotic farctors important for the survival of

organisms?
The abiotic factors dictate whether a certain organism

can survive or not based on their tolerance range.
When the abiotic conditions are within the optimal range
of a certain species, it will result in a large and healthy
population.
Checkpoint (p. 182)
Why do organisms survive only if the abiotic conditions in

their environment are within their optimal range?
Organisms can become stressed, decrease in number, or

eventually become extinct if the abiotic conditions are
not within their tolerance limits.
Biotic Factors
Biotic factors are the living components in an ecosystem.
humans, animals, plants, microorganisms
need food, water, air, habitat
The difference in the way they obtain nutrients from food
leads to the classification of biotic components in the
ecosystem.
producers, consumers, decomposers
Biotic Factors
The trophic pyramid
Biotic Factors
Producers — also known as autotrophs
produce their own food through photosynthesis
plants, algae, some microorganisms with chlorophyll
and other photosynthetic pigments
Biotic Factors
Consumers — also known as heterotrophs
consume food by eating producers or other consumers
 Primary consumers — directly consume producers;
include herbivores and omnivores
 Secondary consumers — depend on primary consumers
as their food; include carnivores and herbivores
 Tertiary consumers — feed on secondary consumers
Biotic Factors
Decomposers — depend on decaying matter as their
source of food
earthworms, fungi, bacteria, other microorganisms
Trivia (p. 183)
Plants are producers — they manufacture their own food

through photosynthesis. However, are there plants
that are also consumers?
There are carnivorous plants. These include pitcher
plants, sundew plants, and Venus flytrap.
Effects of Biotic Factors
Biotic factors present in the environment determine the
success of the specie.
Suppose in an environment, there are no predators and
the rabbits are rapidly multiplying.
What do you think would happen?
Food will eventually run out and
the population may drop.
Carrying capacity is the limit on the maximum population
size that an ecosystem can withstand.
If an area exceeds its
carrying capacity, there
will be high demand for
food, water, and shelter.
Some organisms may
become weak or be sick.
Humans can alter the carrying capacity of an area.
Thru hunting, the population of a certain specie may
increase or decrease.
Thru habitat destruction due to agricultural development
or logging, the capacity of an area is decreased.
Trivia (p. 184)
Where can you find half of the world’s species?
Rainforests are home to more than half of the world’s

plant and animal species — even though they cover just
6% of the Earth’s surface.
Checkpoint (p. 184)
How are producers, consumers, and decomposers related?
They depend on each other as their source of food.

Checkpoint (p. 184)
What is carrying capacity? How is it related to the survival of

a species?
Carrying capacity is the limit on the maximum population size
that an ecosystem can withstand.
If the area exceeds the carrying capacity, the result would be
high demand for food, water, and shelter.
If this condition progresses, there will be a lack of resources for
each individual in a population.
This will result in weak or disease-stricken organisms.
References
Cuevas, C.C., Eval, A.A., Ramos, S.K.A., & Maaghop, M.C.C. (2021).
Science for Innovative Minds 7. Diwa Learning Systems Inc.

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Interdependence of Living

and Nonliving Things

Why are abiotic farctors important for the survival of

The abiotic factors dictate whether a certain organism

Why do organisms survive only if the abiotic conditions in

Organisms can become stressed, decrease in number, or

Plants are producers — they manufacture their own food

Where can you find half of the world’s species?

Rainforests are home to more than half of the world’s

How are producers, consumers, and decomposers related?

They depend on each other as their source of food.

What is carrying capacity? How is it related to the survival of

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