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Lesson #15 Centroid of Plane Areas and of Solids of Revolution-1

1) This document discusses calculating the centroids of plane areas and solids of revolution using integration. 2) It provides formulas for finding the x- and y-coordinates of the centroid for various plane shapes, including vertical and horizontal strips. 3) Formulas are also given for finding the x-, y-, and z-coordinates of the centroid of solids of revolution, whether rotated about a vertical or horizontal axis of revolution. Examples of applying the formulas are provided.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
208 views

Lesson #15 Centroid of Plane Areas and of Solids of Revolution-1

1) This document discusses calculating the centroids of plane areas and solids of revolution using integration. 2) It provides formulas for finding the x- and y-coordinates of the centroid for various plane shapes, including vertical and horizontal strips. 3) Formulas are also given for finding the x-, y-, and z-coordinates of the centroid of solids of revolution, whether rotated about a vertical or horizontal axis of revolution. Examples of applying the formulas are provided.

Uploaded by

yveesh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 20

Date: ________________

Lesson Title: Applications of Integration: Centroid of


Plane Areas and of Solids of Revolution
Name: Lesson Objectives: At the end of the lesson, you
should be able to: 1. Determine the centroids of plane
________________________________________
areas.
_________________________ Section:
2. Calculate the centroids of solids of revolution.
____________ Schedule: Materials:
________________________________________ textbook, scientific calculator
MAT 076: CALCULUS 2
Student Activity Sheet Lesson #15 References:
Differential and Integral Calculus by Love and Rainville
https://www.slideshare.net

Class number: _______

Productivity Tip:
Create a Distraction Free Study Environment. Mathematics demand more attention than any other
subject. The deciding factor may be a good learning setting and a distraction-free environment when
solving math problems.

A. LESSON PREVIEW/REVIEW
1) Introduction (2 mins)
Find the length of the curve 9��2 = 4��3from the origin to the point (3, 2√3). [ ������. 14/3
����������]

We have already discussed some applications of definite integrals, such as finding areas of plane regions,
volumes of solids of revolution, arc lengths, and areas of surface of revolution. In this lesson we develop
computational techniques for finding the centroids of plane regions, and centroids of solids of revolution.

2) Activity 1: What I Know Chart, part 1 (3 mins)


What I Know Questions: What I Learned (Activity 4)

1What is a centroid?

2What is the main concept


on centroid of a plane
region?

3What is the main concept


on centroid of a solid of
revolution?

This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION 1


1) Activity 2: Content Notes (13 mins)
MAT 076: CALCULUS 2
Student Activity Sheet Lesson #15

Name:
________________________________________ Class number: _______
_________________________ Section: Date: ________________
____________ Schedule:
________________________________________

B.MAIN LESSON

The centroid is a point which defines the geometric center of an object, i.e. the centroid is used when
the calculation concerns a geometrical shape only.

The calculations of centroid fall within two distinct categories:


I. Areas
II. Volumes

I. Centroids of Areas: ��(��̅, ��̅)


��1
Case 1: Vertical Strip
��̅=1��∫ ��2
1
�� ��̅ = ��∫���� + ����
������ 2
����

����

��̅ =���� +
��(��̅, ��̅) ���� 2
2����

��1

��(��̅, ��̅)

��̅=���� + ����
2

��̅= ��

��
2���� 2

��̅=1��∫����+����

Case 2:
Horizontal
����

Strip ��̅ = ��
where: ���� = (���� −
����)����

Since the limit is from ��1 to ��2, ��1


express �� in terms of ��:
��2
1
��̅ = ��∫ ������

����
where: ����
= (���� −
����)����
Since the limit is from ��1 to ��2,
express �� in terms of ��.

��1

This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION 2


MAT 076: CALCULUS 2
Student Activity Sheet Lesson #15

Name: Class number: _______


________________________________________ Date: ________________
_________________________ Section:
____________ Schedule:
________________________________________

II. Centroids of Solids of Revolution: ��(��̅, ��̅, ��̅)


��2
Case 1: Vertical Strip (rotated about vertical axis of
rotation)
���� 1 ��
= ��∫ ��+
��̅ ����
��1

2����
where: ���� =
2����(���� −
����)����
����
Since the limit is from
��1 to ��2, express ��
in terms of ��.

Note: The axis of rotation


is one of the coordinates
of the centroid of solid.

Ex. If axis of revolution is


��(��̅, ��̅)
�� = −1, then ��̅= −1.
��̅= ��

��̅ =���� + ���� 2


����

Case 2: Vertical Strip (rotated about the

��̅=1��∫ ������ ��2 ��1


horizontal axis)

��̅

=���� + ���� 2

����

where: ���� = ����(����


− ����)2���� or
��(��̅, ��̅) ���� = ����(��2 −
��2)���� the curve to the axis of another curve to the axis of
revolution ��: the nearest revolution
��: the farthest distance from distance from the
coordinates of the centroid of the solid of
��̅= �� revolution.
Since the limit is from ��1 to ��2, express ��
in terms of ��. Ex. If axis of revolution is �� = −1, then ��̅ =
−1.
Note: The axis of rotation is one of the

This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION 3


Student Activity Sheet Lesson #15

Class number: _______


Name: Date: ________________
________________________________________
_________________________ Section:
____________ Schedule:
________________________________________
��2
Case 3: Horizontal Strip (rotated about the vertical axis)
MAT 076: CALCULUS 2
����
��̅ = ��
1
��̅ = ��∫ ������

��1
�� where: ���� = ����(���� −
����)2���� or ���� =
��(��̅, ��̅)
����(��2 − ��2)����

��: the farthest distance from


the curve to axis of
revolution
��: the nearest distance from the
��̅=���� + ���� another curve to the axis of
2 revolution

�� Since the limit is from ��1 to


��2, express �� in terms of ��.

−1.

Case 4: Horizontal Strip (rotated about the ��2


horizontal axis) 1
Ex. If axis of revolution is �� = −1, then ��̅=
��̅ = ��∫ ������
����

��̅ = ��

��1

�� where: ���� = 2����(����


��(��̅, ��̅) − ����)���� or

Since the limit is from ��1 to


��2, express �� in terms of
��.

Ex. If the axis of revolution is ��


= −1, then ��̅= −1.
��̅=���� + ����
2

��

This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION 4


________________________________________
_________________________ Section:
____________ Schedule:
________________________________________
MAT 076: CALCULUS 2
Student Activity Sheet Lesson #15
Name:
Date: ________________

Class number: _______

Solving for the �� coordinate (��̅) of



Solving for the area ��:
centroid :
��
��

��̅=1��∫
�� = ∫
����(
��(�� ��)
)
�����

����� �
1 ��2) 0
= 16 3
2

2 2
3
= ∫ (4 − −�� 3ቤ 0
��2) 0
���� 2 ����
= 4�� ∫ ��(4 −
3
= 16 ∫
(4�� −
3
�� ) 0

����
4 2
3
−�� 4ቇቤ 0
= 4(2) −(2) 3
= 16 ቆ2(2)2
3
(2)
− 4

4ቇ
��
16
= 3������������
����������
3
��̅= 4����������

3 2
= 16 ቆ2��

This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION 5


��̅ =1��∫����−����
������
2��(��)

MAT 076: CALCULUS 2


Name: Student Activity Sheet Lesson #15
________________________________________
_________________________ Section:
____________ Schedule:
________________________________________
Class number: _______
Date: ________________

Solving for the �� coordinate (��̅) of centroid :


��
2

1 ∫4 −
2 ����
= 16 3 ��

2(4 −
��2)
0

3 1
= 16 ∙ 2∫ (4 −
2 2 2
�� )
0 ����

3
= 32 ∫ (16
− 8��2 +
��4) 0
����

3 8 ��3 5 2
= 32 ቆ16�� − 3 +�� 5ቇቤ 0
3 8 (2)3 5
= 32 ቈ16(2) − 3 +(2)
5቉

8
��̅ = 5����������

Centroid ��: (34,85)


Example 2. Determine the centroid of the fourth-quadrant region bounded by the parabola �� = ��2 − 4��.

Curve: �� = ��2 − 4��

Using completing the square:


�� + 4 = ��2 − 4�� + 4
�� + 4 = (�� − 2)2
Vertex: ��(2, −4)
If �� = 0:
�� + 4 = (�� − 2)2
0 + 4 = (�� − 2)2
√4 = ඥ(�� − 2)2
±2 = �� − 2
�� = 0,4

This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION 6


Date: ________________

Solving for the area ��:


��
�� = ∫ ���� − ����
Name:
________________________________________
_________________________ Section:
____________ Schedule: Solving for the �� coordinate (��̅) of centroid : ��
1
________________________________________ ��̅= ��∫ ����(��)
������
MAT 076: CALCULUS 2
Student Activity Sheet Lesson #15

Class number: _______


�� = ∫ ሾ0 − 1 0
4
= 32 3
(��2 −

4��)ሿ

������ 0����
4 ����
4
∫ ��(4�� − ��2)

4
= ∫ (4�� − ��2) 3 2 3
0���� = 32 ∫ (4�� − �� ) 0
4 ����
= 2��2 −��33ቤ 0
32
= 3������������ ����������
Solving for the �� coordinate (��̅) of centroid : ��
= 2(4)2 −(4)3 ��̅ =1��∫����+����
3
������
3
= 32
4 ��3
�� ቆ 3
4 4 3 ቆ4 (4)
−�� 4ቇቤ 0 = 32 3 3 −(4)4
��̅= 2 ����������

4
4
2��(��)

1
= 32
3 0

�� (4�� 4
∫ 2− 2
4�� − ��2 ����
)

3 1 ����
= − 32 ∙ 2∫
(4�� −
��2)(4�� −
��2) 0
4
3 2 2 8
= − 64 ∫ (4�� − �� ) Centroid ��: (2, − 5)
����
0 4

3 ∫
= − 64
(16��2

8��3 + ��4) 0
����

3 16 3 4 5 4
= − 64 ቆ 3�� − 2�� +�� 5ቇቤ 0
3 16 3 4 5
= − 64 ቈ 3(4) − 2(4) +(4)
5቉

8 ����������
��̅ = − 5
This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION 7
________________________________________
MAT 076: CALCULUS 2
Student Activity Sheet Lesson #15

Name:
________________________________________ Class number: _______
_________________________ Section: Date: ________________
____________ Schedule:

Example 3. Determine the centroid of the fourth-quadrant region bounded by the parabola �� = ��2
And the line �� = ��.
Curve: �� = ��2
Intersection point: ��2 = �� ��2 −
Vertex: ��(0,0)
�� = 0
��(��
− 1) = 0

�� = 0; ��
Line: �� = �� =1

�� = �� �� = 1

Solving for the area ��:


If �� = 0,
��
�� = �� �� = ∫ ���� − ����
�� = 0 Solving
for the
��

coordinate (��̅) of centroid : ��


��̅=1��∫ ����(��)
������
If �� = 1,
2 3 1
=�� 2−�� 3ቤ 0 1
∫ ��(�� − ��2) 0
2
�� = ∫ (�� − �� ) 1
= 16 1
0���� ����
������ 1
3 ����
2−(1)

2
=(1)
= 6 ∫ (��2 − ��3) 0
4 1
−�� 4ቇቤ 0 = 6
3
1 (1)3 4
ቆ 3 −(1)

4
��
1
= 6������������ ����������

1
��̅= 2����������

1 ��3
=6ቆ 3

This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION 8

Solving for the �� coordinate (��̅) of the centroid :


��
��̅ =1��∫����+����
Name:
������
________________________________________
2��(��)
_________________________ Section:
____________ Schedule: MAT 076: CALCULUS 2
________________________________________ Student Activity Sheet Lesson #15
Date: ________________

Class number: _______


∫�� + ����
��2

2(�� −
��2)
1
= 16 0

1 1

1 = 3 ∫ (��2 −
= 6 ∙ 2∫ (��
��4) 0
+ ��2)(�� −
2 ����
�� ) 0
1

����

Centroid ��: (12,25)


1 3
= 3 ቆ 3��
5 1
−�� 5ቇቤ 0 = 3
1 3 5
ቈ 3(1) −(1)

5቉

2
��̅ = 5����������

Example 4. Determine the centroid of the solid generated by revolving the region bounded by the
curve �� = ��2, �� = 9. and �� = 0, about the ��-axis.

Since the axis of revolution is the y-axis, the centroid of the solid is on that axis, giving ��̅= 0.
Curve: �� = ��2
Vertex: ��(0,0)

Line: �� = 9

Intersection point:
��2 = 9
�� = ±3

This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION 9


________________________________________
MAT 076: CALCULUS 2
Student Activity Sheet Lesson #15

Name:
________________________________________ Class number: _______
_________________________ Section: Date: ________________
____________ Schedule:
(��̅) of centroid : ��
��̅=1��∫����+����
����
������
Solving for the volume ��: ��
2��(��)
�� = 2�� ∫ ��ൣ����−
����൧ Solving for the �� coordinate
�� 2
3 =1 ∫9 + ��
3
3 2 3

=2
����
2ሾ2����(9 −
= 2�� ∫ ��ሾ9 ���� ��2)ሿ
− ��2ሿ 0 81�� 0
+
����
= 2�� ∫ (9�� −
��3) 0
���� 2�� 2
��2)(9 − �� ) 0
81��∙ 2∫ ��(9
2 4
�� = 81 ∫ ��(81 − �� ) 0
= 3

2�� (92��2 81
3 = 2��
−14��4)ቚ 0 = 2�� ���������� 2 5
9 (3)2 1 (3)4 ���������� = 81 ∫ (81�� − �� ) 0
൤ 2 − 4 ൨ ���� ����

3
81 ��2 6 3 2 81 2 6
ቆ 2 −�� 6ቇቤ 0 = 81 ቆ 2(3) −(3)
6ቇ

Centroid ��: (0, 6) ��̅ = 6 ����������


2
= 81

2) Activity 3: Skill-building Activities (with answer key) (18 mins


+ 2 mins checking)

Solve the following problems:

1. Find the centroid of the area bounded by the curves ��2 = �� and �� = 4.
2. Find the centroid of the region bounded by �� = ��2 and �� = 2.
3. Find the centroid of the solid revolving the area bounded by �� = ��2 and x=2, and the
x-axis about the x-axis.

3) Activity 4: What I Know Chart, part 2 (2 mins)

Please answer column 3 of the chart under Activity 1based on what you’ve learned from this lesson.

This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION 10


4) Activity 5: Check for Understanding (5 mins)
MAT 076: CALCULUS 2
Student Activity Sheet Lesson #15

Name:
________________________________________
_________________________ Section: Class number: _______
____________ Schedule: Date: ________________
________________________________________

1. Find the centroid of the region bounded by the curve �� = ��3 and �� = 4�� in the first
quadrant. 2. Find the centroid of the solid of revolution generated by revolving the region
bounded by �� = 4�� − ��2 and the x-axis about the y-axis.

C. LESSON WRAP-UP
1) Activity 6: Thinking about Learning (5 mins)

Please answer column 3 of the chart under Activity 1based on what you’ve learned from this

lesson. FAQs

1. What is the difference between centroid and center of gravity?


Centre of gravity is the point where the total weight of the body acts while centroid is the
geometric center of the object. Centre of gravity or center of mass is the point where the whole
mass of the body is concentrated. Centroid is the center of gravity for objects of uniform
density

KEY TO CORRECTIONS
⎜⎛ 5
8 ⎝ 56

C2. ⎠⎞

Activity #3 1. ⎠⎞
⎜⎛ ⎟
⎝ ,0 C 0,3. ⎠⎞
5 ⎜⎛
C ⎝ ,0 3
This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION 11

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