Chapter 1: Kinematics of a Particle

82

1.  Introduction
2.  Rectilinear Kinematics: Continuous Motion
3.  Rectilinear Kinematics: Erratic Motion
4.  General Curvilinear Motion
5.  Curvilinear Motion: Rectangular Components
6.  Motion of a Projectile
7.  Curvilinear Motion: Normal and Tangential Components
8.  Absolute Dependent Motion Analysis of Two Particles
9.  Relative Motion Analysis of Two Particles Using
Translating Axes

MCHE 213 – Dynamics Fall 2016 - 2017 Dr. Amine Abou Moughlbay
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1.6 - Motion of Projectile
§  Projectile’s acceleration always acts vertically
§  Projectile launched at (x0 ,y0) with initial velocity v0
§  Air resistance is neglected.
§  Only force is its weight downwards
§  Constant downward acceleration
ac = g = 9.81 m/s2

MCHE 213 – Dynamics Fall 2016 - 2017 Dr. Amine Abou Moughlbay
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Horizontal Motion
§  Since ax = 0, application of the constant
acceleration equations gives:

υ = υ0 + act
⎛+⎞
( )
υ x = υ0
x
1 2
⎜⎜→⎟⎟ x = x 0 + υ 0t + act x = x + (υ )
0 0 x
t
⎝ ⎠ 2
υ 2 = υ02 + 2ac x − x 0
( ) υ = (υ )
x 0 x

Horizontal component of velocity remain constant during

the motion

MCHE 213 – Dynamics Fall 2016 - 2017 Dr. Amine Abou Moughlbay
1.6 - Mo(on of Projec(le

85
Vertical Motion
§  Positive y axis is upward, thus ay = - g

§  Application of the constant acceleration

equations gives:

(+↑) υ = υ0 + act υ y = υ0 ( ) y
− gt

1 1
(+↑) y = y 0 + υ 0t + act 2 y = y 0 + υ0 ( ) t − gt 2
2 y 2
(+↑) υ 2 = υ02 + 2ac y − y 0
( ) υ 2
y
2
= (υ ) − 2g ( y − y )
0 y 0

MCHE 213 – Dynamics Fall 2016 - 2017 Dr. Amine Abou Moughlbay
1.6 - Mo(on of Projec(le

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Procedure For Analysis
1)  Coordinate System
§  Establish the fixed x, y, z axes
§  Sketch the trajectory of the particle
§  Specify 3 unknowns and data between any two
points on the path
§  Acceleration of gravity always acts downwards
§  Express the particle initial and final velocities in
the x, y components
§  Positive and negative position, velocity and
acceleration components always act in accordance
with their associated coordinate directions
MCHE 213 – Dynamics Fall 2016 - 2017 Dr. Amine Abou Moughlbay
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Procedure For Analysis
2)  Kinematics Equations
Decide on the equations to be applied between
the two points on the path for the most direct
solution

3)  Horizontal motion 4) Vertical motion

( )
υ x = υ0
x
( ) +a t
υ y = υ0
y c

x = x + (υ ) t 1 2
0 0 x
y = y + (υ ) t + a t
0 0 y c
2
2
2
υ = (υ ) + 2a ( y − y )
y 0 y c 0

MCHE 213 – Dynamics Fall 2016 - 2017 Dr. Amine Abou Moughlbay
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88
Example 11
A sack slides off the ramp
with a horizontal velocity
of 12 m/s.
If the height of the ramp
is 6 m from the floor,
determine the time
needed for the sack to
strike the floor and the
range R where the sacks
begin to pile up.

MCHE 213 – Dynamics Fall 2016 - 2017 Dr. Amine Abou Moughlbay
1.6 - Mo(on of Projec(le

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Solution Example 11
1)  Coordinate System
Origin at point A.

Initial velocity is υ A ( ) x
=12 m s and (υ )
A y
= 0m s

Acceleration between A and B is ay = −9.81m s 2

Since υ B( ) = (υ )
x A x
=12 m s

The 3 unknown are υ B ( ) y

, R and t AB

MCHE 213 – Dynamics Fall 2016 - 2017 Dr. Amine Abou Moughlbay
1.6 - Mo(on of Projec(le

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Solution Example 11
2)  Vertical Motion
Vertical distance from A to B is known,
1 2
( ) +↑ ( )
yB = y A + υA
y
t AB + act AB
2
⇒ t AB =1.11s

3)  Horizontal Motion

( ⎯+⎯
→ ) ( )
x B = x A + υ A t AB
x

R = 0 +12 (1.11) =13.3m

Note: The calculation for tAB also indicates that if a sack were
released from rest at A, it would take the same amount
of time to strike the floor at C
MCHE 213 – Dynamics Fall 2016 - 2017 Dr. Amine Abou Moughlbay
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91
Example 12
The chipping machine is designed to eject wood at
chips v0 = 7.5 m/s.
If the tube is oriented at 30° from the horizontal,
determine how high, h, the chips strike the pile if
they land on the pile 6 m from the tube.

MCHE 213 – Dynamics Fall 2016 - 2017 Dr. Amine Abou Moughlbay
1.6 - Mo(on of Projec(le

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Solution Example 12
1)  Coordinate System
3 unknowns h, tOA and (vB)y

Taking origin at O, for initial velocity of a chip,

( ) (
υO
x
)
= 7.5 cos30! = 6.5 m s →

(υ ) = (7.5 sin 30 ) = 3.75 m s

O y
!
↑

Also,
( ) ( )
υA = υO = 6.5 m s and ay = −9.81m s 2
x x

MCHE 213 – Dynamics Fall 2016 - 2017 Dr. Amine Abou Moughlbay
1.6 - Mo(on of Projec(le

93
Solution Example 12
2)  Horizontal Motion
( )
x A = x 0 + υ A tOA
x

⇒ tOA = 0.9231s

3)  Vertical Motion

Relating tOA to initial and final elevation of the chips
1 2
y A = h − 2.1 = y O + υO ( ) y
tOA + actOA
2
⇒ h =1.38m

Note: we can determine (υ A ) y = (υO ) y + actOA

MCHE 213 – Dynamics Fall 2016 - 2017 Dr. Amine Abou Moughlbay
1.6 - Mo(on of Projec(le

94
Example 13
The track for this racing event was designed so that
the riders jump off the slope at 30°, from a height of
1m. During the race, it was observed that the rider
remained in mid air for 1.5 s.
Determine the speed at which he was traveling off
the slope, the horizontal distance he travels before
striking the ground,
and the maximum height
he attains.
Neglect the size of the
bike and rider.
MCHE 213 – Dynamics Fall 2016 - 2017 Dr. Amine Abou Moughlbay
1.6 - Mo(on of Projec(le

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Solution Example 13
1)  Coordinate System
Origin is at point A.
3 unknowns are vA, R and vB.

2)  Vertical Motion

Since time of flight and the vertical distance between the
ends of the paths are known,
1 2
( )
+↑ ( )
yB = y A + υA
y
t AB + act AB
2
⇒ υ A =13.4 m s

MCHE 213 – Dynamics Fall 2016 - 2017 Dr. Amine Abou Moughlbay
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Solution Example 13
3)  Horizontal Motion
The range R can be determined as

⎜⎜→⎟⎟
( )
⎛ + ⎞ x B = x A + υ A t AB
x

⎝ ⎠ R = 0 +13.38 cos30! 1.5 =17.4m ( )

We can determine h directly
without considering tAC
2 2
(υ ) = (υ ) + 2a ( y − y )
C y A y c C A

2 2
⎡ h −1 − 0⎤
() (
0 = 13.38 sin 30 ) ( )⎣( ) ⎦
+ 2 !
−9.81
⇒ h = 3.28m
MCHE 213 – Dynamics Fall 2016 - 2017 Dr. Amine Abou Moughlbay