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Lab 2 CS

This document contains a lab report for a course on communication systems. The lab involves using a balanced modulator circuit board to generate amplitude modulated and single sideband modulated signals. Students observe the input and output signals using an oscilloscope. Key results include generating double sideband modulation, using filters to create single sideband modulation, and mixing signals to shift frequencies. The balanced modulator circuit allows investigating fundamental communication techniques.

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Rehan Basharat
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58 views8 pages

Lab 2 CS

This document contains a lab report for a course on communication systems. The lab involves using a balanced modulator circuit board to generate amplitude modulated and single sideband modulated signals. Students observe the input and output signals using an oscilloscope. Key results include generating double sideband modulation, using filters to create single sideband modulation, and mixing signals to shift frequencies. The balanced modulator circuit allows investigating fundamental communication techniques.

Uploaded by

Rehan Basharat
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Department of Electrical Engineering

Faculty Member: Dr. Sajjad Hussain Dated: 17/02/2023

Course/Section: BEE-12B Semester: 6th

EE-351 Communication Systems

Lab2: Balanced Modulator

Name Reg. No Viva / Teamwo Ethics Software Analysis


Quiz / Lab rk tool of data
Performa Usage in Lab
nce Report

5 Marks 5 Marks 5 Marks 5 Marks 5 Marks

Muhammad Rehan 333394


Basharat

Muhammad Ibadullah 335117


Hammad

Hassaan Saeed 345660

Ayesha Binte Safi Ullah 343856

CS351: Communication Systems Page 1


Lab2: Balanced Modulator

Objectives
• When you have completed this exercise on the balanced modulator, you will be able to
describe the circuit, explain its output signal’s relation to the two input signals and describe its
operation and application, Also you will use oscilloscope for measurement.

Exercise 1 – Lab Tasks


1. Locate an AM/SSB transmitter circuit block on the Analog Communications Circuit and
connect the Signal Generator to the M of Modulator. Set Switches S1, S2 and S3 to OFF.

2. Turn the negative supply knob on the left side of the base unit fully CCW to adjust the
VCO-LO frequency to less than 452kHz.
3. Connect the oscilloscope of channel 1 probe to the message signal input M to the
modulator. While observing the signal on channel 1, adjust the SIGNAL GENERATOR
for a 300mVpk-pk, 3kHz sin wave at M.
4. Connect the oscilloscope channel 2 probe to the carrier signal input C on the modulator.
While observing the signal on channel 2, adjust the amplitude knob on VCO-LO for
100mVpk-pk at C.
5. Connect the oscilloscope channel 2 probe to the modulators output.
6. Set the oscilloscope vertical mode to channel 2, and trigger n the channel 1. Set the
channel 2 attenuation to 500mV/DIV and set the oscilloscope sweep to 0.1ms/DIV.

CS351: Communication Systems Page 2


7. Turn the modulators potentiometer knob fully CCW and then slowly turn it CW until the
AM signal is less than 100% modulated.

8. Continue to turn the knob slowly CW until the AM signal appears as shown in Figure 1-
35. What type of AM modulated signal appears on channel 2: SSB, DSB, or 100%
modulated?

The signal appears at channel 2 is DSB.


9. If the carrier frequency signal is 452kHz and the message signal frequency is 3kHz, what
frequencies would be present in the frequency spectrum of the DSB signal?

The LSB at 449KHz and the USB at 456KHz.

CS351: Communication Systems Page 3


10. The LSB FILTER is a narrow-band bandpass filter that passes frequencies between
453kHZ and 457kHz. Any frequencies not in this range are filtered.
11. Connect the oscilloscope channel 2 probe to the output of LSB FILTER. Set the
oscilloscope vertical mode to channel 2, trigger on channel 2, set the channel 2
attenuation to 50mV/DIV and set the sweep to 1us/DIV.
12. Because the frequencies in the DSB signal from the modulator are below 453kHz, THE
LSB FILTERS output appears as a trace across the oscilloscope screen.
13. Increase the VCO-LO’s frequency to the modulators by slowly turning the negative
suppl knob CW until the LSB FILTERS output signal is maximum.

14. What is the LSB FILTERS output signal shown on channel 2: a greater than 100%
modulated signal, DSB signal or an SSB signal.

As the LSB filter passes a 455Khz signal so SSB is at output.


15. While observing the 455kHz signal at the LSB filters output on the channel 2, vary
amplitude of the 3kHz message signal to the modulator by varying AF LEVEL knob on
the SIGNAL GENERATOR. Does the amplitude of the 455kHz signal very with the
amplitude if 3khz message signal.

Yes, the amplitude of 455KHz signal vary with the amplitude of 3KHz
message signal.

CS351: Communication Systems Page 4


16. Connect the output of the VCO-HI circuit block to the input of C at the mixer. In the
following steps you will observe how a balanced modulator functions as a MIXER to
increase the frequency of a signal.
17. Turn the POSITIVE SUPPLY knob on the right side of the base unit fully CCW to set
the VCO-HI frequency above 1455kHz.
18. Set the oscilloscope sweep to 05us/DIV. Connect the channel 2 probe to the MIXER’s C
input. Adjust the VCO-HI oscillator signal 100mVpk-pk with the potentiometer knob on
the VCO-HI circuit block.

19. Connect the channel 1 to the LSB filter output and trigger on channel 1. Connect channel
2 to pin 6 at the MIXER’S output. Set channel 2 to 200mv/DIV.

20. Adjust the MIXER’s potentiometer knob for a DSB signal at pin 6.

CS351: Communication Systems Page 5


21. Set the channel 2 to 500 mv/DIV and then trigger on the channel 2. Connect channel 2 to
pin 12 at the mixer , which is the LC filters output. The signal should appear as a trace.

CS351: Communication Systems Page 6


22. Adjust the VCO-HI frequency to 1455khz by slowly turning the POSITIVE SUPPLY
knob CW until the SSB signal at the pin 12 of the MIXER is maximum.

CS351: Communication Systems Page 7


23. Measure the period(T) between peaks of the waveform. Each horizontal division is
0.5us.

1.0 us.
24. From the period(T), Calculate the frequency of the SSB at pin 12 of the MIXER.

1000 KHz.
25. While observing the 1000khz signal at the LC FILTER’S output, vary the amplitude of
the 3khz message signal to the modulator by varying the AF LEVEL knob on the
SIGNAL GENERATOR. Does the amplitude of the 1000kHz signal at pin 12 vary with
the amplitude of the 3Khz message signal.

Yes, the amplitude of 1000 kHz signal at pin 12 vary with the amplitude of 3
kHz message signal.

Conclusion:
➢ The balanced modulator on the circuit board is an IC (1496).
➢ The circuit consists of a dual differential amplifier, a differential amplifier, and a current
source.
➢ The output of the balanced modulator is a full-wave multiplication of the two input
signals.
➢ The balanced modulator may have a null potentiometer to adjust the amount of
modulation or to suppress the carrier frequency in the output.
➢ The balanced modulator's output will contain the sum and difference frequencies of the
inputs plus the carrier frequency if it is not suppressed.
➢ The balanced modulator can be used as an AM modulator, an SSB modulator, a mixer, a
product detector, and a phase detect.

CS351: Communication Systems Page 8

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