This document discusses several pillars of health in the Philippines, including reproductive health, substance abuse, and social health issues. It outlines relevant laws that govern these areas, such as the Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Act, laws around HIV/AIDS prevention and drug abuse, and those addressing cybercrime, child pornography, hazing, and pollution. The document provides an overview of key concepts, statistics, and the goals of these laws in promoting public health and safety in the Philippines.
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HEALTH
This document discusses several pillars of health in the Philippines, including reproductive health, substance abuse, and social health issues. It outlines relevant laws that govern these areas, such as the Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Act, laws around HIV/AIDS prevention and drug abuse, and those addressing cybercrime, child pornography, hazing, and pollution. The document provides an overview of key concepts, statistics, and the goals of these laws in promoting public health and safety in the Philippines.
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PILLARS OF FOUNDATION
Respect for life
- The act recognizes that abortion is illegal and punishable by law. However, mother that that will be identifies who have aborted an unborn child will be served with post- abortive treatment and counseling in a humane, non-judgmental, and compassionate manner. Informed Choice - As stated in the act, effective and quality reproductive healthcare services, which are ethically and medically safe, legal, accessible, and affordable, shall be given primacy to ensure the health of the mother and child. Also, the government shall promote and provide unbiased information and access to these services. This pillar also covers the provision for the integration of reproductive health and sexuality education on schools, and other educational settings. Birth Control - Reproductive healthcare, information, and supplies shall be made available most especially to poor beneficiaries. However, the act provisions also that the government must respect the citizen’s individual preferences and choices of family planning method. Responsible Parenthood - Couples determine their ideal family size. In addition, the government shall equip each parent with need information in all aspects of family life, reproductive health, and this pillar. Reproductive health also concerns problems such as sexually transmitted infections. According to Dr. Natividad (2013), in the Young Adult Fertility and Sexuality Study of 2013 (YAFS-4), a survey of Filipino college and high school graduates, 36.2 percent and 43.5 percent respectively admitted to having engaged in premarital sex. In addition, 66.7 percent and 79.6 percent did not use any protection at first premarital sex. These scenarios are most often the causes of infections. Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) - Caused by Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) which usually does not have symptoms in its early stages. - Initially people with HIV were diagnosed with having AIDS only, when they developed blood infection, the cancer known as Kaposi’s sarcoma, or any of the 21 other indicators. - In addition, HIV is highly through unprotected sexual intercourse, breastfeeding (of an infected mother to infant), and blood transfiguration/injecting drugs (needles used for infected needles). Currently, there are several treatment options for HIV and AIDS, but no known cure yet. - In this light, the government also puts its efforts to eradicate these sex-related diseases, most especially aids. Republic Act No. 8504 or The Philippine AIDS Prevention and Control Act of 1998 - This act was passed by the Congress on July 27, 1997. - The act promulgates “policies and prescribing measures for the prevention and control of HIV/AIDS in the Philippines, instituting a nationwide HIV/AIDS information and educational program, establishing a comprehensive HIV/AIDS monitoring system, strengthening the Philippine National AIDS Council (PNAC), and for the other purposes” - The act also provides for education and information dissemination in various institutions and agencies, safe practice and procedures (testing, screening, and counseling) in health organizations and associations, monitoring of case with confidentiality, and programs for anti-discriminatory acts (in the workplace, hospitals, and other public institutions). Republic Act No. 9156 or The Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs act of 2002 This Act protects the citizens from the harmful effects of dangerous drugs to their physical and mental well-being. According to the policy, here are some unlawful acts that are subjected to penalties and fines. a. Importing of dangerous drugs and/or controlled precursors and essential chemicals (narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances) b. Selling, trading, administering, dispensing, delivering, distributing, and transporting dangerous drugs and/or controlled precursors and essential chemicals c. Maintaining a drug den, drive, or resort d. Manufacturing of dangerous drugs and/or controlled precursors and essential chemicals e. Manufacturing or delivery of equipment, instrument, apparatus, or other paraphernalia for dangerous drugs and/or controlled precursors and essential chemicals f. Possessing dangerous drugs, equipment, instrument, apparatus, or other paraphernalia g. Possessing dangerous drugs during parties, social gatherings or meetings h. Cultivating or culturing plants classified as dangerous drugs or sources of such i. Unnecessary prescribing dangerous drugs Republic Act No. 9211 or The Tobacco Regulation Act of 2003 - In order to promote a healthy environment, the act absolutely bans smoking in public places, most especially in center of youth activities, elevators and stairwells, fire- hazardous places, within public and private hospitals and medical clinics, airports and other terminals, and food preparation areas. In this light, a designated smoking and non-smoking area should be utilized. Substance Use and Abuse - Gateway drugs may be considered as windows to unprotected sex. These are drugs “that people use initially that may eventually lead to the abuse of illegal drugs” (Galvez Tan, et al., 2009). Alcohol and tobacco are gateway drugs. When alcohol is consumed, the central nervous system is affected. Thus, a person is more vulnerable to doing dangerous acts because of depressed decision-making skills. Social Health 1. Cybercrime - With the advancement of technology, there are various platforms where you may express yourself. This diversity may do both good and harm to you. “Cyber refers to a computer or a computer network, the electronic medium in which online communication takes place”. Thus, cybercrime is simply any crime committed in cyberspace. Republic Act No. 10175 or the Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012 - The law mandates the prohibition of cybersex, child pornography, unsolicited commercial communications, and computer-related identity theft. 2. Child Pornography Republic Act No. 9775 or The Anti-Child Pornography Act of 2009 - Defines the crime of child pornography. - “Child pornography” refers to any representation, whether visual, audio, or written combination thereof, by electronic, mechanical, digital, optical, magnetic or any other means, of child engaged or involved in real or simulated explicit sexual activities” (Official Gazette, 2009). In addition, it is also important to note how the Act defines a “child”. (1) A person regardless of age who is presented, depicted, or portrayed as a child as defined herein; and (2) Computer-generated, digitally or manually crafted images or graphics of a person who is represented or who is made to appear to be a child as defined herein. (3) “Child” refers to a person below eighteen (18) years of age or over but is unable to fully take care of himself/herself from abuse, neglect, cruelty, exploitation, or discrimination because of a physical or mental disability or condition. - Child pornography may also be syndicated if there are three (3) or more persons confederating with one another. In this light, it is not only the victim who can file a complaint, but the parents or guardians, relative within the third degree, officer or social worker of a licensed child-caring institution or DSWD, barangay chairman, law enforcement officer, at least three concerned responsible citizens in the same place where the pornography occurs, and a person who is knowledgeable of the law may do so. 3. Hazing - Fraternities and sororities, gangs, and social groups are starting to become more and more identified and publicized. Because of their “alleged” prestige and prime, more teens are encouraged to be a part of them. For some of these groups, hazing may be an option to test an “applicant’s” willingness and commitment. On the other hand, hazing is very dangerous, and proven to have killed many lives. Republic Act No. 8949 or The Anti-Hazing Law - This act penalizes those who will go too far during initiation rites wherein the “applicant” is subjected to severe physical and emotional pain and suffering. 4. Blood Donation - Being proactive citizens of the country, you must willingly help others in ways that will not harm you. One of the emerging forms of voluntary service is blood donation. Republic Act No. 7719 or The National Blood Services Act of 1994 - This law aims to promote and encourage voluntary blood donation by the citizenry, provide for adequate, safe and affordable and equitable distribution of blood and blood products. Pollution Republic Act No. 9512 or The National Environmental Awareness and Education Act of 2008 - This Act promotes environmental awareness through environmental education. Various educational agencies, DSWD, DOST, and DENR shall integrate environmental education in their curricula. It shall encompass the concepts and principles, laws, international and national best practices, threats of degradation and its impacts to human well-being, responsibilities of humans in conservation, protection and rehabilitation of resources, and sustainable development through the environment. Road Safety Republic Act No. 8750 or The Seatbelt Use Act of 1999 - It aims to secure and safeguard passengers and drivers of motor vehicles from injuries and other effects of vehicular accidents. The policy includes the mandatory wearing of seatbelts by the driver and front seat passengers of any running motor vehicle. The Act also prohibits children from sitting in the front seat of any motor vehicle.
Republic Act No. 10586 or The Anti-Drunk and Drugged Driving Law - This law penalizes those who will be caught driving under the influence of alcohol, drugs, and other similar substances.