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AdvMath Up To Complex Equations

This document provides examples of working with complex numbers in rectangular and polar form. It shows how to: 1) Convert between rectangular and polar form. 2) Multiply and divide complex numbers in polar form using specific formulas. 3) Solve complex equations by using the quadratic formula, where the determinant can be real, complex, or imaginary.

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Christian Joaquin Macaltao
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34 views2 pages

AdvMath Up To Complex Equations

This document provides examples of working with complex numbers in rectangular and polar form. It shows how to: 1) Convert between rectangular and polar form. 2) Multiply and divide complex numbers in polar form using specific formulas. 3) Solve complex equations by using the quadratic formula, where the determinant can be real, complex, or imaginary.

Uploaded by

Christian Joaquin Macaltao
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Advance Engineering Mathematics

π π
Rectangular Form z=a+bi 𝑧1 = 2(cos 8 + j sin )
8

r = 1 = √−1 𝑧2 = 4(cos
3π
+ j sin
3π
)
8 8
r=2=-1
𝑧1 2 π 3π π 3π
= [cos( − ) + 𝑗 sin( − )]
r=3=-i 𝑧2 4 8 8 8 8
𝑧1 π π
r=4=1 = 0.5(cos (− ) + 𝑗 sin (− ))
𝑧2 4 4
Polar Form z = r (cos θ + I sin θ) 𝑧1 π π
= 0.5 cos (− ) + 𝑗0.5 sin (− )
Resultant 𝑧2 4 4
𝑧1
r = √𝑎2 + 𝑏2 = 0.5355 − 𝑗0.35355
𝑧2

𝑏
𝜃 = α = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 = Ex 5. Power
𝑎

Quadrant 1 = positive (+) General Formula:

Quadrant 2 = - π -α 𝒛 = 𝒓𝒏 (𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒏𝛉 + 𝒋 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒏𝛉)


1
2π 2π
Quadrant 3 = α - π 𝑧 = [√3(cos + 𝑗 sin )]8
9 9

Quadrant 4 = negative (-) n=8


Ex 1. Rectangular Form to Polar Form 8 2π 2π
𝑧 = √3 (cos (8 𝑥 ) + 𝑗 sin (8 𝑥 ))
9 9
5 – j5
16π 16π
r = √(5)2 +(5)2 𝑧 = 81 (cos ( ) + 𝑗 sin ( ))
9 9
16π 16π
r = 5 √2 𝑧 = 81 cos + 𝑗81 sin
9 9
5 1
α = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 = =4π 𝑧 = 64. 04960 – j52.06580
5

1 Ex. 6 Roots
θ=-4π

𝟏 𝟏 General Formula:
= 𝟓 √𝟐 (𝐜𝐨𝐬 (− 𝟒 𝛑) + 𝐣 𝐬𝐢𝐧(− 𝟒 𝛑)
𝛉
𝑾𝒌 = √𝒓 𝒄𝒋𝒔 ( + 𝒌𝛑) ; 𝒌 = 𝟎, 𝟏, 𝒏 ….
Ex 2. Polar Form to Rectangular Form 𝟐
7 7 𝟏
z = 5 ( cos 6 π + 𝑗 sin 6 π) (−1 + 𝑗)𝟑

* distribute the 5 𝑟 = √(−1)2 +(1)2 = √2


7 7 1 1 3
𝑧 = 5 cos 6 π + 5 𝑗 sin 6 π θ = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( ) = − π = π
1 4 4
𝟓√𝟑 𝟓
=− + 𝒋 𝟐 ; - 4.33013 – j2.5 1
𝟐 3 3
(√2𝑐𝑗𝑠 π)
Ex 3. Multiplying Polar Complex Numbers 4
3
General Formula: 3 π + 2𝑘π
𝑊𝑘 = √2 𝑐𝑗𝑠 (4
√ ) ; 𝑘 = 0, 1 ,2
3
𝒛𝟏 𝒛𝟐 = 𝒓𝟏 𝒓𝟐 [𝐜𝐨𝐬( 𝛉𝟏 + 𝛉𝟐 ) + 𝐣 𝐬𝐢𝐧 (𝛉𝟏 +𝛉𝟐 )]
π π
𝑧1 = 2(cos 8 + j sin ) 6 π 2(0)π
8 𝑊0 = √2 𝑐𝑗𝑠 ( + ) = 0.7937 + 𝑗7937
4 3
3π 3π
𝑧2 = 4(cos + j sin ) π 2(1)π
8 8 6
𝑊1 = √2 𝑐𝑗𝑠 ( + )
π 3π π 3π 4 3
𝑧1 𝑧2 = (2 𝑥 4)[cos( 8 + ) + j sin ( 8 + )] = −1.08422 + 𝑗0.29051
8 8

π π 6 π 2(2)π
𝑧1 𝑧2 = 8 (cos + 𝑗 sin ) 𝑊2 = √2 𝑐𝑗𝑠 ( + ) = 0.29051 − 𝑗1.08422
2 2 4 3
π π
𝑧1 𝑧2 = 8 cos + 𝑗8 sin
2 2
𝑧1 𝑧2 = 𝑗8

Ex 4. Dividing Polar Complex Numbers

General Formula:
𝒛𝟏 𝒓𝟏
= [𝐜𝐨𝐬(𝛉𝟏 − 𝛉𝟐 ) + 𝒋 𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝛉𝟏 − 𝛉𝟐 )]
𝒛𝟐 𝒓𝟐
Advance Engineering Mathematics

Ex 7. Complex Equations

Case 1. Determinant = real number

𝑓 (𝑧) = 6 + 𝑗8 𝑧 5 + 3 − 𝑗4 = 0

𝑎 = 6 + 𝑗8, 𝑏 = 𝑗5, 𝑐 = 3 − 𝑗4

Determinant: (𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐)

= (5)2 − 4 (6 + 𝑗8)(3 − 𝑗4)

= 𝑗 2 25 + (−24 − 𝑗32)(3 − 𝑗4)

= −25 − 72 − 128

= −225 ∗ 𝑅𝑒𝑎𝑙 𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟

− 𝑏± √−𝑏 2 −4𝑎𝑐
Using Quadratic Equation: 2(𝑎)

− 𝑗5 ± √−225 − 𝑗5 ± 𝑗15
=
2(6 + 𝑗8) 2(6 + 𝑗8)
−𝑗5 + 𝑗15 2 3
𝑧1 = = +𝑗
2(6 + 𝑗8) 5 10
−𝑗5 − 𝑗15 4 3
𝑧1 = = − +𝑗
2(6 + 𝑗8) 5 5

Case 2: Determinant = complex or imaginary number

𝑓(𝑧) = 𝑧 2 + (𝑗4 − 1)𝑧 + 𝑗 − 5 = 0

𝑎 = 1, 𝑏 = (𝑗4 − 1), 𝑐 = (𝑗 − 5)

Determinant: (𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐)

= (𝑗4 − 1)2 − 4(1)(𝑗 − 5)

= 16 (−1) − 8𝑗 + 1 − 𝑗4 + 20

= 5 − 𝑗12 ∗ 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒𝑥 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟

To evaluate the complex determinant use:


𝛉
𝑾𝒌 = √𝒓 𝒄𝒋𝒔 (𝟐 + 𝒌𝛑) ; 𝒌 = 𝟎, 𝟏

1
(5 − 𝑗12)2 ; 𝑟 = √(5)2 + (−12)2 = 13
12
θ = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( ) = −1.7601
5
−1.7601
𝑤0 = √13 𝑐𝑗𝑠 ( + 2(0)π) = 3 − 𝑗2
2
−1.7601
𝑊1 = √13 𝑐𝑗𝑠 ( + 2(1)π) = −3 + 𝑗2
2
Back to quadratic equation:

− 𝒃 + 𝑾𝟎 − 𝒃 − 𝑾𝟏
𝒛𝟎 = , 𝒛𝟏 =
𝟐(𝒂) 𝟐(𝒂)
−𝑗4 + 3 − 𝑗2
𝑧1 = = 2 − 𝑗3
2(1)
−𝑗4 − (−3 + 𝑗2)
𝑧1 = = −1 − 𝑗
2(1)

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