Ucsp Module 9

2.
Vertical Social Mobility - The more interesting mechanism for

sociologist is vertical social mobility, which happens when a person
moves from one social class to another.
This type of mobility may be upward or downward. It may also be

further analyzed in relation to time.
a. Intergenerational mobility is the movement of social position

that started with the parents and was felt by even children.
b. Intergenerational mobility is the movement in the social

position that happens within a person ‘s adult life.
UCSP MODULE 10:

UCSP MODULE 9: Social Stratification 3. Symbolic Interactionist Perspective- reflects the micro-
sociological perspective, and was largely
Social Stratification - defined as the arrangement of any social
influenced by the work of early sociologists and philosophers,
group or society into hierarchy positions that are unequal with
such as George Simmel, Charles Cooley, George Herbert Mead,
regard to power property social evaluation, and/or psychic
and Erving Goffman. This emphasizes that human behavior is
gratification.
influenced by definitions and meanings that are created and
●Social stratification is particular form of social inequality. maintained through symbolic interaction with
others.
●All societies arrange their members in terms of superiority,
inferiority and equality. Both the functionalist and the conflict perspectives are
concerned with how broad aspects of society, such as
●Stratification is a process of interaction or differentiation whereby institutions and large social groups, influence the social world.
some people come to rank higher than others. This level of sociological analysis is called macro sociology: It
looks at the big picture of society and suggests how social
problems are affected at the institutional level.
Characteristics of Social Stratification (by Melvin M. Tumin)
 It is social
 It is ancient
 It is universal
 It is in diversal forms
 It is consequential
Components of Social Stratification SOCIAL MOBILITY IN SOCIAL STRATIFICATION
1. Social Class - refers to the level or category where persons have Social Mobility is the movement of persons from one position to
more or less the same socio-economic privileges in society. another in the stratification system. This pertains to the idea
2. Social Status - refers to the position of an individual or group that people have an equal opportunity to end up at the top of
within a social structure. stratification system; that anyone can reach the apex or peak of
3. Social Role - refers to the behavior expected of a person who the hierarchy.
occupies a particular
SYSTEM OF SOCIAL MOBILITY
status.
Open (Class) System - Allows a person ‘s freer mobility. He or
Bases of Social Stratification
she can move through classes based upon his/her skills, abilities,
1. Power or Authority - is the ability to secure one ‘s ends in life, and/or achievements.
even against opposition. The degree to which one directs, manages,
Closed (Caste) System- In this system a person has little or no
or dominates others.
possibility of moving up social ladder.
2. Property or Wealth - refers to the rights over goods and services.
Forms of Social Stratification
How much of the resources of society are owned by certain
individuals and how much do they gain or earn every time. Caste is a hereditary endogamous social group in which a
person‘s rank and its accompanying rights and obligations are
3. Prestige or Social Evaluation - implies social judgment that a
ascribed on the basis of his birth into a particular group.
status or position is more prestigious and honorable than others.
The degree of honor one ‘s position evokes. It also includes the Slavery had economic basis. In slavery, every slave had his
fame one attains upon reaching a certain degree of prestige. master to whom he was subjected. The master ‘s power over the
slave was unlimited.
The Three Main Sociological Perspectives
Class stratification on the basis of class is dominant in modern
1. The Functionalist Perspective - based largely on the works of
society. In this, a person ‘s position depends to a very great
Herbert Spencer, Emile Durkheim, Talcott Parsons, and Robert
extent upon achievement and his ability to use to advantage the
Merton. According to functionalism, society is a system of
inborn characteristics and wealth that he may possess.
interconnected parts that work together in harmony to maintain a
state of balance and social equilibrium for the whole. Estate system of medieval Europe provides another system of
stratification which gave much emphasis to birth as well as to
2. Conflict Perspective- The functionalist perspective views society
wealth and possessions. Each estate had a state.
as composed of different parts working together. In contrast, the
conflict perspective views society as composed of different groups Types of Social Mobility
and interest competing for power and resources. The conflict
perspective explains various aspects of our social world by looking 1. Horizontal Social Mobility - This is the change of position of a
at which groups have power and benefit from a particular social person to another position of the same rank.
arrangement.

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2.

Vertical Social Mobility - The more interesting mechanism for

This type of mobility may be upward or downward. It may also be

a. Intergenerational mobility is the movement of social position

b. Intergenerational mobility is the movement in the social

UCSP MODULE 10:

Characteristics of Social Stratification (by Melvin M. Tumin)

Components of Social Stratification SOCIAL MOBILITY IN SOCIAL STRATIFICATION

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