5G WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

From the last few years, we have noticed prodigious modification in the telecommunication’s
world. Now-adays and in the coming future, to accomplish the presuppositions and difficulties
of the coming era, mobile communication networks of today will have to develop in various
manners. The on-going implementation of 4G mobile networks has encouraged some telecom
industries to contemplate more advancement toward future fifth generation technologies and
facilities. Fifth generation (5G) wireless technology with an advanced access technology called
BDMA (Beam Division Multiple Access) and FBMC (Filter Bank Multi-Carrier Multiple
Access) will straightforwardly superseded 4G wireless technology. By contemplating the
instance of the BS (base station) communicating with the MS (mobile station), beam division
multiple access (BDMA) technique conception is explicated. In this transmission, an
orthogonal ray is distributed to each MS (mobile stations), & beam division mu ltiple access
technique will split that ray of antenna according to the MS (mobile stations), which in an
analogous ameliorate the network’s capacity . A notion to switch towards fifth generation is
based on drifts of current; it is oftenpresumed that fifth generation mobile networks must
resolved six problems that are not successfully resolved by fourth generation mobile
communication networks i.e. higher data rate, massive device connectivity, higher capacity,
less cost & consistent, Quality of Experience (QoE) and lower End-to-End latency . The
mentioned problems are succinctly shown in the figure 1 along with some possible facilitators
to address them. Summary of the problems, facilitators to address problems, & design
fundamentals for fifth generation (5G) mobile technology .

Dept. Of E&CE, JIT, DAVANGERE. Page 1

 5G WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY

CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE SURVEY

1.Farris et.al. said that, The Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystem is evolving towards the
deployment of integrated environments, wherein heterogeneous devices pool their capacities
together to match wide-ranging user and service requirements. As a consequence, solutions for
efficient and synergistic cooperation among objects acquire great relevance. Along this line,
this paper focuses on the adoption of the promising MIFaaS (Mobile -IoT-Federation-asa-
Service) paradigm to support delay-sensitive applications for high-end IoT devices in next-
tocome fifth generation (5G) environments. MIFaaS fosters the provisioning of IoT services
and applications with low-latency requirements by leveraging cooperation among
private/public clouds of IoT objects at the edge of the network. A performance assessment of
the MIFaaS paradigm in a cellular 5G environment based on both Long Term Evolution (LTE)
and the recent Narrowband IoT (NB-IoT) is presented. Obtained results demonstrate that the
proposed solution outperforms classic approaches, highlighting significant benefits derived
from the joint use of LTE and NB-IoT bandwidths in terms of increased number of successfully
delivered.

2. Erik Dahlman et al. analyzed details of the new 5G radio-access technology to be developed
by 3GPP. It begins with a discussion of some key design principles that needs to be followed
in order to ensure a high performance, flexible, and future proof air interface. It then goes more
into the details on the key 5G technology components including but not limited to duplex
arrangement, 5G waveform, massive MIMO, multi-site connectivity, flexible system plane,
and access/backhaul integration.

3. Rupendra NathMitra et.al. discussed, all new 5G expected to be operational by 2020. This
time, it is therefore crucial to know the direction of research and developments enabling 5G
technology. This paper provides an inclusive and comprehensive analysis of recent
developmental endeavors toward 5G. It highlights salient features, i.e., flexibility, accessibility,
and cloudbased service offerings; those are going to ensure the futuristic mobile
communication technology as the dominant protocol for global communication.

Dept. Of E&CE, JIT, DAVANGERE. Page 2

 5G WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY

CHAPTER 3

METHODOLOGY

Fig 3.1: 5G Cell

In 5G, the network service area is divided into small geographical areas called cells. All the 5G
wireless devices in a cell communicate by radio waves with a local antenna and low power
automated transceiver (transmitter and receiver) in the cell.5G works on previously untouched
radio frequency part of the network works on a band known as sub 6 which is from 600 MHz
to 6 GHz. But 5G can go beyond that resulting in higher data rates and performance with the
trade-off of range that is with so much data it cannot move far also lowering the wall
penetration of signal. For that why we need more number of small cells installed closer to each
others than the traditional mobile towers. These cell sites can beam signal to specific locations
where needed more rather than everywhere in any direction. Beamforming or spatial filtering
is a signal processing technique used in sensor arrays for directional signal transmission or
reception This is achieved by combining elements in an antenna array in such a way that signals
at particular angles experience constructive interference while others experience destructive
interference.

Dept. Of E&CE, JIT, DAVANGERE. Page 3

 5G WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY

The improvement compared with omnidirectional reception/transmission is known as the

directivity of the array. Due to closer cells network become dense and increase capacity of
network.5G can support up to a million devices per square kilometer, while 4G supports only
up to 100,000 devices per square kilometer.

Fig 3.2: The Electromagnetic Spectrum

Fig 3.3: Arragement of 5G Cells

Dept. Of E&CE, JIT, DAVANGERE. Page 4

 5G WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY

CHAPTER 4

APPLICATIONS
1.Autonomous vehicle:

➢ Autonomous vehicles are being developed empowered with the algorithms and use
cases of Machine Learning. But, 5G and its speed, low latency, and further deployment
can bring this dream into a reality.
➢ The prime goal behind autonomous vehicle communication is the vehicle-to-everything
network. This is responsible for the vehicle to act automatically regarding the
positioning of objects around the vehicle.

2.Support to Artificial Intelligence:

➢ Artificial Intelligence is redefining machine capacities and power. Today’s digital

world is meaningless without bulks of data, and it can only be accelerated by the fastest
network capabilities and 5G can really trigger the process.
➢ Additionally, smart cities are getting sensors, and data from these smart sensors need
to be routed in such a way that they can be deployed at the moment of need.

3.IOT in Industry use Cases:

➢ 5G will enable connecting doctors and patients promptly. Additionally, the science of
IoT wearables can alert the patient according to the symptoms that the patients are
experiencing.

➢ Farming fields should have sensors for monitoring purposes. And, they would convey
data regarding the necessity of water, pest management, disease control, etc.

4.Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality:

➢ Because of 5G nothing crucial will be stored on the device. Everything will be on cloud,
we can fetch them quickly by 5G.

➢ The baseline of virtual reality and augmented reality is spontaneous action and reaction.
Otherwise, it will be impossible to experience a realistic process. Apart from gaming,
enjoying sports events and virtual reality with 5G will be extremely amazing.

Dept. Of E&CE, JIT, DAVANGERE. Page 5

 5G WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY

CHAPTER 5

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

5.1 ADVANTAGES

➢ Greater speed in transmissions.

➢ Low latency, therefore greater capacity of remote execution.
➢ Greater number of connected devices and the possibility of implementing virtual
networks ,providing adjusted connectivity to concrete needs.

5.2 DISADVANTAGES

➢ New devices required.

➢ Issue of health hazards from mobile radiation not yet conclusively clarified.

Dept. Of E&CE, JIT, DAVANGERE. Page 6

 5G WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY

CHAPTER 6

CURRENT DEVELOPMENT AND AVAILABILITY OF

5G
6.1 WHEN WE CAN EXPECT 5G?

Most consumers won’t have access to the full breadth of 5G’s potential until the low -band
spectrum is made available.Service providers are centering the initial rollout of the technology
around densely populated areas and major cities. The introduction of 5G technology into the
mass consumer market will likely be a slow process.Don’t expect an overnight switch. Every
day, though, consumers can expect to see more features made possible by this new technology
introduced into their lives.

6.2 WORLD WIDE DEVELOPMENT OF 5G

South Korea was the first country to implement 5G in April 2019. The 4 major carriers AT&T,
Sprint, T-Mobile, and Verizon have launched low-band spectrum 5G services at the end of
2019 across several states of USA.Philippines was the first country in Southeast Asia to start
5G network after Globe Telecom commercially launched its 5G data plans to customers in June
2019.China, United Kingdom, Japan, Australia and Germany have also implemented the 5G
network.

6.3 5G in India

Major Telecom companies like Reliance Jio with Samsung, Vodafone Idea with Ericsson and
Airtel with Nokia are developing an effective way to deploy 5G environment in India. The
TRAI has researched that the 3300-3400 MHz and 3400-3600 MHz bands in the country suit
for the 5G. 5G network is expected to be launched till end of 2021 in India. Samsung Galaxy
S20, Motorola Edge Plus and Xiaomi Mi 10 Pro are the few smartphones launched in India
supporting 5G network.

Dept. Of E&CE, JIT, DAVANGERE. Page 7

 5G WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY

CHAPTER 7

CONCLUSION
5G Wireless Technology is more intelligent technology, which will interconnect the entire
world without limits. It is designed to provide unbelievable and extraordinary data capabilities,
unhindered call volumes, and vast data broadcast. Moreover, governments and regulators can
use this technology as an opportunity for good governance and can create healthier
environments, which will definitely encourage continuing investment in 5G, the next-
generation technology.

Dept. Of E&CE, JIT, DAVANGERE. Page 8

 5G WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY

REFERENCES
[1]Farris et.al. said that, The Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystem is evolving towards the
deployment of integrated environments, wherein heterogeneous devices pool their capacities
together to match wide-ranging user and service requirements.

[2] Erik Dahlman et al. analyzed details of the new 5G radio-access technology to be developed
by 3GPP.

[3] Rupendra NathMitra et.al. discussed, all new 5G expected to be operational by 2020. This
time, it is therefore crucial to know the direction of research and developments enabling 5G
technology.

Dept. Of E&CE, JIT, DAVANGERE. Page 9