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Circuit Message Packet Switching

There are several techniques for sending data across a network, including circuit switching, packet switching, and message switching. Circuit switching establishes a dedicated connection between sender and receiver before data transfer occurs. Packet switching divides data into packets that follow different routes to the destination. Message switching involves storing data at switching offices before forwarding it to the next office along the route.

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Sneha Jain
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25 views

Circuit Message Packet Switching

There are several techniques for sending data across a network, including circuit switching, packet switching, and message switching. Circuit switching establishes a dedicated connection between sender and receiver before data transfer occurs. Packet switching divides data into packets that follow different routes to the destination. Message switching involves storing data at switching offices before forwarding it to the next office along the route.

Uploaded by

Sneha Jain
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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8.7 DIFFERENT WAYS OF SENDING DATA ACROSS .

NETWORK
There are several ways of sending data from one node to another through network. _It can
be in the form of calls, messages, etc. By using various types of switching techniques, we can
establish the connection/ communication.

8.7.1 Network Switching


A network is made up of several interconnected nodes. There can be a point-to-point connection-
or star topology between pairs of devices, but both are not relevant for a large network. Hence,
various switching techniques are used to transfer packets of data from one port of a node to
another. A switched network is made up of a series of interconnected nodes called switches.

8.7.2 Switching Techniques


The main goal of networking is the reliable exchange of data or information among several
interconnected nodes. For the delivery of data with accuracy, various types of Sl,,,Vitching
techniques are used, namely:
1. Circuit Switching
2. Packet Switching
3. Message Switching

CTM: The technique of sending data across the network is known as Switching technique.The three types
of techniques used are circuit switching, packet switching and message switching.
1. Circuit Switching
Circuit switching provides end-to-end connection between two computers._ It is es~ablished
usually in a telephone network where one person is making a call and another IS receivm~ a caJL
In a telephone system, the communication must be established between the two partici~ants,
i.e., the sender and the receiver. The circuit is established between these two participants
before the transfer of data takes place.

Fig. 8.6: Circuit Switching


[
3
In this technique, the entire link remains dedicated and no other user can use it even if the
path remains idle. The following actions take place during circuit switching:
(a) A request signal is sent by the sender to set up the connection with the receiver. It establishes
a physical connection between the two participants.
(b J All intermediate nodes are identified. These nodes are also called switching nodes.
(c) If the destination node is available, it sends back the acknowledgement of receiving a signal.
Hence, data transmission begins.
(d) When the data transmission is complete, the call can be terminated.

CTM:Circuit switching is a connection-oriented service. In this technique, there is a dedicated link between
the sender and the receiver and no other call can be made during this link, even if the link remains idle.

2. Packet Switching
In packet switching technique, the entire data is divided into small fragments called packets.
Each packet is of a fixed size, usually 128 bytes or 512 bytes. Packet switching is similar to post
>f
C
office operation. Each packet has a source address as well as destination address (IP address)
C,
C for being transmitted, in the same way as a postman delivers a letter to a specific destination
!:.
I. address.
s As there is no direct connection established between the sender and the receiver, each
i
II packet follows different routes and, therefore, the packets are delivered in a random order
at the destination address. It is the TCP protocol which then arranges all received packets in
:; a sequential order. During the transfer of packets, each packet has to pass through several
!'I intermediate nodes, so each intermediate node checks for destination IP address. If the packet
matches with the node address, it is received; otherwise, it is passed on to the next node until
i it reaches the destination IP address.
I

8.8
Mainframe

Receiver Caller

Fig. 8.7: Packet Switching

CTM: Packet
. ffi switching
d . . offers a conn ec t·ion
· Iess service.
• Data is fragmented into small packets and each
packet ISO xe size In packet switching technology. .

3. Message Switching
In message switching, the sender sends the data to a switching office first, which is then stored
in its buffer. It then checks the available link and, if it is free, the data is relayed to another
switching office. This process goes on until the data is sent to the destination (receiver). As the
data is first stored in a buffer and then sent to the next switching office, it is also called store
and forward switching technique.
CTM: Message switching is a store and forward switching technique where there is no direct connection
between the sender and the receiver. ·

8.7.3 Difference between Circuit Switching and Packet Switching


1. The circuit switching reserves the required bandwidth in advance, whereas packet switching
uses bandwidth as and when required by the packets to be transmitted.
2. Circuit switching is a fast technology as compared to packet switching which is a slow
mechanism of transferring packets from sender to receiver. · ·
3. Circuit switching requires a dedicated path. Once the connection is established, the
communication path is entirely dedicated to it until the data is completely transferred
from sender to receiver, whereas in packet switching, packets can use any dynamic path.
4. In circuit switching, if the path is overloaded, the call is blocked and communication is
delayed. But in packet switching, packets are allocated to different paths.
5. Circuit-switched networks are used for phone calls and packet-switched networks _handle

data.
6. Packet switching is more efficient because the cost of the link is shared by many users.
7- In circuit switching, the telephone message is sent unbroken. The message is received in
the same order as it is originally sent. In packet switching, the message is broken into
small packets which are randomly sent from source and received in random order at
destination, which is then sequentially arranged.

8.9

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