Increasing Child Beggary

Prepared By:

Usama Mubashir

Karim

Student id

33500

31836

Submitted To:

Sir Owais riaz

IQRA University

Date:

07 May 2019

i
 Abstract
The report aims to point out the most major drawback of our society, the proliferating child
beggary in Pakistan. The hypothesis which was proposed is that Begging Mafia is enacting as the
major cause and has such a strong hold on signals and street that no law is able to track them
down. To find out that if this hypothesis is correct, and what should be the solutions a primary
method of data collection, in form of questionnaire was used. 40 individuals, who included
students, young generation and layman were asked to, fill the questionnaire. The findings were
that the current ratio of child beggars in Pakistan is around 25 — 40%, aging in between 9years
— 12 years. 87.5% of those people blamed Begging Mafia for this increasing rate of child
beggary, whereas 50% of people held themselves responsible too. These findings proved the
proposed hypothesis, that Mafia is the main reason behind this increasing child beggar, and laws
should be implemented to minimize it. The recommendation for better reports is to collect
firsthand information, involve the armed forces to find out how deep are the roots of Begging
Mafia and find out the main reasons of why the laws are not implemented to disable the network
of Begging Mafia.

ii
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

S. No. Description Pg. No.

1. Introduction of the Problem 1

Chapter 1 1.1 Introduction
1.2 Statement of the Problem
1.3 Significance of the Report
1.4 Conclusion
2.0 Review of the Related Literature 4
2.1 Introduction
Chapter 2 2.2 Literature Review
2.3 Conclusion
2. Research Method 6
3.1 Introduction
Chapter 3 3.2 Method of Data Collection
3.3 Sample Size
3.4 Sample Techniques
3.5 Research Model
3.6 Conclusion
3. Results 8
4.1 Introduction
Chapter 4 4.2 Data Analyses
4.3 Data Interpretation
4.4 Results
4.5 Conclusion
4. Discussion and Recommendation 15
5.1 Introduction
Chapter 5 5.2 Discussion and Recommendation
5.3Conclusion

References 17

Appendices 18

iii
 Chapter 1:

Introduction of the Report

1.1 Introduction:

It is not an uncommon sight to see Children begging on the streets in Pakistan. One will

find many kinds begging on the railway stations, in markets, parks and many public areas. This

situation is of severe regret that the children that deserve to have a childhood are left on streets to

spoil their whole life with an experience that would teach them helplessness.

Furthermore, these children could be taught a skill or could be sent to school so that they learn

or are able to develop good household. The more saddening scenario is when one realizes that

these children arent just out of resources, and that is why they are begging, but they are forced to

beg by the beggary mafia the group of people who misuses their strength and these people

humiliate them, if the children disobey or do not turn out to be beneficial for them they traffic

them for drug trade and sex trade. Not deviating from the topic it would not be an astonishing

question to believe that the beggary mafia has autonomy against the government and are playing

a significant role in exploiting the economic and a generation. The moment ones vehicle halts at

the traffic signal, one will see little children in shabby clothes begging for money and food.

Though this generation is very used too of the sight but only few of us bother to look into the

matter and find the actual causes of the problem. There are many causes of increasing Child

Beggary, few are as follows; Neglecting Parents, Drug Addict Guardian, Lack of interest by

government, economic factors and many more. Moreover there are few more reasons that are

effective, however, the most effective and triggering reason of the problem is “Begging Mafia”

1
1.2 Statement of the Problem:

The increase in child beggary in Pakistan is unspeakable. The major role is played by

Begging Mafia, it has such a strong hold on streets and signals of Pakistan that no law is able to

track them down and they are taking the advantage of this and are forcing children to do

whatever they are told. Moreover the lack of government interest is also provoking the Mafia to

use these children as a tool to earn a good business on daily basis.

1.3 Significance of the Problem:

The study aims to point out how mafia is acting as triggering force in increasing child

beggary at immense rate. How children from streets, orphanage are kidnapped and sold to these

Mafia people and the government is total helpless or it not taking any serious action against

them.

This Report is for all those people who are directly and indirectly involved in this organized

crime known as child beggary, starting from layman to the government people who holds the

power within their capacity. It will help in awakening the layman how they are indirectly playing

the major role in proliferating child beggary by not even asking those child why they are doing

what they are doing, are they forced to do this, do they wish to study. Government about how

badly they are destructing the future of this country by neglecting the issue of Child Beggary.

Lawmakers for not being capable enough to track down this mafia and finish the roots of it and

lastly this report would awaken the people who give money to these beggars in the name of

religion and thinking that they are helping the needy people whereas they are only encouraging

the Mafia and is making them earn more through this Business.

2
However, this would also assist in leading higher authorities attention on this issue, which has

been badly neglected for a very long time, not only this but also would highlight the loop holes

which our country is facing in implementing laws against this issue.

1.4 Conclusion:

This chapter introduced the topic followed by statement of problem and the significance

of the report. The problems could be many, and we look forward to identify it. The research

question believes that the begging mafia is a major cause to the child begging. Looking up to

results received from the closed ended questionnaires filled by the respondents the research

would establish a cause to the problem and would suggest a solution to the problem.

3
 Chapter 2:

Review of the Related Literature

2.1 Introduction:

This chapter is about the review of related literature which was collected through

authentic sites and newspaper, the literature review in this chapter is the summary of the

researches which were already done on this topic. The data is gathered in order to find out what

other researchers has found so far, on the basis of their researches.

2.2 Literature Review:

Beggary is an indecent act to perform in a society, not only the population is demoralized

but also the public welfare is disturbed. A country is built on a larger scale to develop itself and

beggary pushes the society downwards. It makes it difficult for people to spend time in parks and

lively places, beggary makes it miserable. Minors are kidnapped and traded by the mafia for

them to be infiltrated into the beggary market. The kids are then trained against their will to

become beggars. The religion is exploited as well (Zahid, 2011). Moreover, according to Azam

(2011) beggary has been an organized crime, but in Pakistan beggary is not only related to Mafia

but also include the local conditions of social politics and crimes in a city.

The mafia works in a systematic manner by getting benefits for the disabilities of a child. These

children are trained to use religion and the name of God to influence and move the people who

they seek for help. They are present at mosques shrines and several other religious places so that

people are more generously paid (Azhar, 2013). However, According to Times of India (2013)

Beggary has been a business in Pakistan and the government seems to be clueless about making

4
it stop. However, AFP (2013) claims that despite of having laws that detain beggary the judges

allow the offenders to bail keeping in mind the lack of availability of welfare houses.

According to SPARC (2015), around 1.2 — 1.5 million children are on streets in order to beg.

Most of them are runaways and are not educated enough to make money, few of the minorities

reunite with their families. Beggary has been turned into a business now, it is less related to

unemployment, more to an easy way of day to day earning, and furthermore, researches show

that the crime rate is significantly related to beggary (Mirjat, Wassan & Sheikh, 2017).

Ahmed (2017), explains that beggars in Pakistan somehow manage to use religion as a tool.

They use emotion as a tool too, by bringing in small children and asking for their clothes and

money for their food. The street beggary is increasing day by day around 25% of the people are

somehow the part of begging mafia and earning from it. (Anonymous, 2017)

2.3 Conclusion:

This chapter is about the summarized review on the researches and articles which are

already published in newspaper, magazine or any authentic site. It mostly suggests how the

society is inflicted with such a cancerous crime. The Begging Mafia trying to incorporate

children and force them to beg on streets, either by power or by physical harm.

5
 Chapter 3:

Research Method

3.1 Introduction:

Methodology is the systematic, theoretical analysis of the methods applied to a field of

study. It comprises the theoretical analysis of the body of methods and principles associated with

a branch of knowledge.

3.2 Research Methodology:

This was a qualitative research which is supposed to gather facts and predict the

correlation. As per the requirement the scientific method is used for this research. The

observations were made over the perceptions of the general public usually students that travel

around the city and come from diverse areas of the city. A questionnaire was formulated. This

question was then structured as a hypothesis. To certify the hypothesis the data was collected to

predict the stats; if the hypothesis turns out to right or wrong.

3.3 Method of data collection:

The research method was primary data; hence random university students and layman

were selected as the respondents to collect data. Moreover the data upon what were the

perceptions of public were on child beggary was also collected.

3.3 Sample Size:

The research paper is based on the 20 respondents, which included university students

6
and layman as they can give first-hand information and can fill the questionnaire on their daily

experiences.

3.4 Sample Technique:

The close ended questionnaire technique was used to collect this data. As the time to

complete the research was less so it was made in the best way possible, however, a smaller

sample size and non-probability methods were used.

3.5 Research Model:

Beggary Mafia → Child Beggary

The research models propose that the research intends to show a relation between

beggary mafia and Child Beggary. However, the hypothesis inspires that Beggary Mafia has a

significant impact on Child Beggary.

3.6 Conclusion:

This chapter introduced the methods which were used to collect this data, sample size,

sample technique and research model which were used to collect the primary data for this report.

Chapter 4:
7
 Results

4.1 Introduction:

The chapter is about the findings which were obtained through the research methodology,

data collected through questionnaire is analysed in form of percentage and then interpreted to

find out the results.

4.2 Data Analysis:

Data which is obtained through questionnaire is analysed below in form of percentages.

A questionnaire which consists of 9 questions was circulated and 22 random individuals, who

included students and layman were asked to fill it. Below are the Questions and the results;

Exhibit 1 till exhibit 9, the data from all respondents is presented.

Exhibit 1.

8
Exhibit 2.

9
Exhibit 3.

Exhibit 4.

10
Exhibit 5.

Exhibit 6.

11
Exhibit 7.

Exhibit 8.

12
4.4 Data Interpretation:

The data was collected using questionnaire technique, the results are presented at the end

of the research, every question and its respondents data is presented with the help of pie chart.

The exhibit 1 portrays that 40.9% of the people prefer giving money to child beggars, 13.6% to

female beggars and 45.5% to old aged beggars. When the frequency of child beggary encounters

was questioned in exhibit 2, 45.5% believed they encountered around 10-15 child beggars,

13.6% people encountered 15-25, and 40.9% believed that they see 5-10 child beggars on

average on streets, on daily basis. While the average age of child beggars in people observation

in exhibit 3 was 9-12 years according to 63.9% people, 4-8 years according to 27.3%

respondents, and 13 — 16 years in accordance to 9.1% respondents. According to exhibit 4

86.4% respondents believe 25-40% of the beggary includes child beggary, whereas 9.1% believe

50-60% are included in child beggary, and 5% believe 15-25% are the child beggars. Exhibit 5

is very interesting, when respondents gave an idea about how much do the child beggars earn on

the daily basis, 36.4% believed child beggars earn Rs.600-1000, 27.3% believe Rs.400-600 and

36.4% believe they earn Rs.200-400. In a month according to them they earn 12000-30000

rupees. Exhibit 6 required respondents to express their view about the causes of child beggary,

59.1% believed it is due to beggary mafia, however, 22.7 and 18.2% believed that the reasons are

parent attitude and government respectively. Respondents were also asked questions to figure out

solutions, in response in exhibit 7 59.1% respondents believed laws can minimize child beggary,

31.8% suggested that charity could minimize the problem and 9.1% said minimizing can be done

by banning child beggars. They were then asked if they as a society feel responsible for the

increase in the problem, in exhibit 8 45.5% of people answered maybe, and 36% believed yes

they are responsible, however, 18.2% answered no, and they cannot be responsible for such a

13
thing.

4.5 Results:

The data interpretation suggests that people have significant diversity in their opinion

about child beggary, however, exhibit 6 expresses that 60% of the respondents believed child

beggary is due to beggary mafia.

4.6 Conclusion:

While people think problem has risen from the depth of the society due to beggary mafia,

they also believe it shall be minimized by the use of law, however, few sorted that charity could

be a good cause too in order to minimize the beggary mafia. Although charity could do a lot,

education can always do more. Eradicating a social evil from its roots is a long term plan;

however, it can be started.

14
 Chapter 5:

Discussion and Recommendations

1. Introduction:

This chapter will conclude all the findings that were collected for this research and will have

recommendations. Moreover this chapter would explain how this research shall be used.

2. Discussion and Recommendations:

In the light of the findings, it is difficult to say what matters most, but it is rather clear that

the problem exist and hence needs to be solved. By this research some of the major causes of

child beggary like how Begging Mafia is forcing children into this and on what causes, role of

government in proliferating child beggars and failed law system of Pakistan are pointed out and

some applicable solutions of the problem like banning child beggary, tracking down mafia and

finish its root and charities are recommended. As most of the people believe it is rising from due

to the beggary mafia, and not due to government or poor parenting, we are responsible to create

such communities that can help the victims in rehabilitation, and law shall make sure that the

people involved in the begging mafia are punished. People suggested, law and order, charity and

counselling can be a solution. All of these all along might work, like a prop to each other. To

completely eradicate child beggary from our society, a proper chain of actions shall be made,

where these children are firstly freed from whatever crime lords they are working for, then they

should be rehabilitated, further to that they should be taught the ethics and morals of the society

they are living in, religion is another aspect, which can bring them to a scale of society. In this

manner gradually these children would have an identity and education that would help them
15
 grow on their own. It is also recommended to prepare a better version collect first-hand

information from these beggars rather than taking people opinion.

3. Conclusion

A better system of education, opportunities for the under privileged is indeed a need now,

without such a system it would be difficult to progress as a nation having such huge number of

children on the roads asking for money just by doing nothing, not being able to educate

themselves, and not being able to learn and develop and later on these are the people who turn in

to criminals who then commit murders and crimes that are unforgettable and unforgiving, this

research has found out that the problem lies in the mafia and the people who control streets now

the government and the society itself is responsible for the building of a nations.

16
 References:

Zahid,N. (2011). The problem of beggary. Accessed on July 4, 2018. From

https://www.pakistantoday.com.pk/2011/03/14/the-problem-of-beggary/

Azam,N. (2011). Beggary as an Organized Crime in Pakistan. Accessed on July 4, 2018.

From
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/handle/1808/9735/Azam_ku_0099M_11
884_DATA_1.pdf;sequence=1 -

AFP. (2013). Despite new laws, no change in Pakistan's begging business. Accessed on
July 4, 2018. From http://newsweekpakistan.com/despite-new-laws-no-change-in-
pakistans-begging-business/

Azhar,M. (2013). Child Victims of Pakistan's begging Mafia. Accessed on July 4, 2018.
From https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-22729351

Saif,S. (2016). Professional Beggars. . Accessed on July 4, 2018. From

https://pakobserver.net/professional-beggars/

Ahmad,N. (2017). Professional beggars leave little for genuinely needy.Accessed on

July 4, 2018. From https://www.dawn.com/news/1341737

Pjano, A, (2011). Save the children. Accessed on July 4, 2018 From

https://resourcecentre.savethechildren.net/sites/default/files/documents/5495.pdf

Anonymous, (2103). Begging has become business in Pakistan. Accessed on July 4,

From https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/More-you-cry-more-you-
earn-Child-beggars-thrashed-to-shed-more-tears/articleshow/17199398.cms

SPARC, (2015). Annual Report. Accessed on July 4, From

http://www.sparcpk.org/2015/AnnualReports.html

Anonymous, (2017). Horrible reality of street begging in Pakistan. Accessed on july 4,

From https://www.parhlo.com/the-story-of-street-beggars/

17
 Appendices:

Chart:

Researchers Year/
S.NO Summary
Name Journal/Paper
- Kids are kidnapped and sold by begging
Mafia and then are trained for beggary, against
their will.
- Begging has not only effected the social
Navera Zahid values but is destroying our religious norms
2011 - Pakistan
1 too. And is the main cause for many evil acts
Today
too.

- The research describe beggary as organized

crime and a profession for Mafia people.
2011 - - Beggary in Pakistan is not only about Mafia
2 Nadia Azam University of but they somehow relate to political condition
Kansas and crime rate too.

- Even after beggary getting prohibited by

Pakistani law and several solutions, no major
change has been seen in number of beggars.
- On asking a lawyer in this regard he said:
“Most beggars, if arrested, get bail,” said
lawyer Mohammad Tayyab. “Judges also take
2013 —
3 AFP into consideration the lack of welfare homes
Newsweek
for the destitute and the result is that once
released, offenders again start begging.”

- Children are used by begging mafia and they

also use religion as a tool
- They use places like shrines and mosques to
earn good.
2013 - BBC
4 Mobeen Azhar - They use disability of children to seek
News
sympathy.

- According to this report begging has become

Business in Pakistan and Pakistani government
has not taken any strict action yet.
- Begging Mafia is using Orphans and run
2013 - The
5 Anonymous away child to beg on lucrative spots like
Times of India
market, bus stops etc.

18
 - About 1.2 - 1.5 Million Children are spending
their days on the streets.
- In those majority are runaway children, who
are not educated enough and thus have no other
6
way to earn. And minor majority consist of
2015 —
Anonymous people who reunite with their families at the
SPARC
end of the day.

- Begging has turned into a organized business.

2016 - Pakistan Thru which a Mafia is earning more than
Shumaila Saif
7 Observer several other businesses.

- The issue of Beggary is no more only

affiliated with unemployment, but it is made a
Abdul Jaleel
business to earn good on day to day basis.
Mirjat Dr.Aijaz
2017 - - After several researches it is found that there
8 Ali Wassan
Grassroots is significant connection between beggary and
Dr.Saima
Volume 5.1 increasing street crimes rate.
Shaikh
- Beggars in Pakistan somehow use religions as
their tools, they give blessings for giver in
return of money.
- Not only that, they use play with Emotions by
2017 - Dawn bring infant/small Childs with them and asking
9 Naseer Ahmad
News for money for their food, milk, clothes, etc.

- Street Beggary has become a social Evil and

is increasing day by day.
- Around 25% of People are the part of
2017 —
10 Anonymous Begging Mafia and are earning good from that.
PARHLO

19
Questionnaire:

Exhibit. 1 - Who do you prefer giving money to on roadsides and traffic signals?

5. Old Age beggars

6. Child Beggars

7. Female Beggars

Exhibit. 2 - How many child beggars you see on daily basis?

8. 5 - 10

9. 10 - 15

10. 15 - 25

Exhibit. 3 - What is the average age of those child beggars you see on roadsides?

11. 4 years - 8 years

12. 9 years - 12 years

13. 13 years - 16 years

Exhibit. 4 - What do you think is the percentage of child beggars in Pakistan?

14. 15 - 25%

20
15. 25 - 40%

16. 50 - 60%

Exhibit . 5 - How much do you think these beggars earn on daily basis?

17. Rs.200 - 400

18. Rs. 400 - 600

19. Rs. 600 - 1000

Exhibit.6 - What according to you is the main reason of child beggary in Pakistan?

20. Government

21. Begging Mafia

22. Parents or Guardians Attitude

Exhibit.7 - What should be done to minimize Child Beggary?

23. By implementing laws

24. By banning child beggars

25. By giving a fix amount to these poor/needy families

Exhibit.8 - Do you hold yourself responsible for this increase in child beggary?

26. Yes

27. No

21
28. Maybe

22