Introduction

Most drugs are illegal and so taking or fpossessing them is a crime"

Objectives:
It is the objective of this chapter to inculcate into the mind of
the students/readers the true meaning of drugs, their sources/
origin and the history why not all drugs are legal, as well as
what makes them illegal. It is also the objective
of this chapter
to emphasize to the students/readers how drugs influence an
individual emotionally, intellectually, psychologically, and
socially that may result in the modification of attitudes that
influence behaviour.

AN OVERVIEW

Nocommunity in our country is said to be free ontheproblems

on illicit drug use. Despite years of drug suppression efforts by all
levels of government and by numerous anti-drug organizations, the
cycle of drug use continues. In answer to the globally challenging
problem of the illicit trafficking and proliferation of dangerous drugs
and to strengthen the anti-drug abuse program of the government,
Republic Act 9165, otherwise known as the Comprehensive
Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002 was passed, which in July 4, 2002,
effectively repealed and replaced the existing drug law, R.A. 6425,
otherwise known as the Dangerous Drugs Act of 1972.

With the end in view of pursuing a more intensive and

Sustained campaign against the trafficking of dangerous drugs, R.A.
9165 reconstituted and revitalized the Dangerous Board
(DDB)
which already existed under R.A. 6425, and vested it with increased
powers and duties to pursue its mandate as the policy making and

Chapter 1: Introduction
strategy planning body in the drafting and formulation of policies and
programs on drug abuse prevention and control. Entrenched in this
drug law, however, are provisions aiming at achieving a balance in
the national drug control
program so that the people with legtimate
needs are not prevented from being treated with
of
adequate amounts
required medications which may include the use of dangerous
drugs.
Unfortunately, no community in the Philippines can escape
the problems surrounding illicit drugs

VICE, DEFINED

Vice may be defined as any immoral conduct or habit, the

indulgence of which leads to depravity, wickedness or corruption.

DRUG EDUCATION, DEFINED

Drug Education is a learning process that influences an

individual emotionally, intellectually, psychologically, and socially

and may result in the modification of attitudes that influence
behaviour. It involves the formal mechanism of presenting
information, and includes a series of experiences and influences that
help shape the learning environment, the atmosphere of the school,
the life-style present at home, the attitude of parents, the pressures
within peer group, the popular culture, the personal experience with
or without drugs, and the availability of
alternative mechanisms

employed to carry out certain kinds of behaviour.

HISTORY OF DRUG ABUSE

The use of chemical substance that alter physiological

relics from
functioning dates back to the Old Stone Age. Egyptian
3500 B.C. depict the use of opium in religious rituals. By 1600
or
B.C.., an Egyptian reference work listed opium as an analgesic,
painkiller.

Vice and Drug Education and Control (Made Simple)

 The Incas of South America were known to have used
cocaine for at least S000 ycars ago

Cannabis, the hemp plant ((Cannab1s sativa) from which

marijuana and hashis are derivcd, also has a 5000-year history

During World WarsI and II. the use of injectable morphine

tocase the pain of battie casualties was so extensive that morphine
addiction among veterans came to be known as the "soldiers disease"
By that time, the medical protessional and the public recognized how
addictive morphine was, its use had reached epidemic proportions
Then in 1898, the Bayer Drug Company in Germany introduced a
new opiate, supposedly a non-add1ctive substitute for morphine and
codeine. It came out under the trade name heroine. yet it proved to
be even more addictive than morphine.

When cocaine, which was isolated from the coca leaf in

1869, appeared on the international drug scene, it too was used for
medicinal purposes. Its popularity spread and soon it was used in
other products, a variety of gin tonics, and the most famous of
al
Coca-Cola, which was made until 1903.

THE GLOBAL DRUGSITUATION

DRUG TRAFFICKING
It is noteworthy that drug abuse has become not only a
national issue or a problem of just a few countries but it is clear
and present global danger. Today, well-organized drug syndicates
are behind this menace. They employ the most advanced and most
sophisticated technology coupled with unlimited financial resources
at their command and disposal. Police agencies around the world.
pooling their resources are more often than not, the losers in a game
of hide and seek with the international
drug syndicates.

Chapter : Introduction 3
DRUG TRAFFIC ROUTE
On the other side of the globe is the second major drug traffc
route, which is composed of the popular "Golden Triangle" which
is composed of three (3) countries namely: (1) Burma/Myanmar,
(2) Laos, and (3) Thailand; and the "Golden Crescent" which is
composed of: (1) Iran, (2) Afghanistan, (3) Pakistan, and (4) India,
Southeast Asia

The "Golden Triangle" approximately produced 60% of

Opium in the world, and 90% of opium in the eastern part of Asia.
It is also the officially acknowledged source of Southeast Asian
Heroin"
A heroin is produced in the "Golden Triangle" and passes
through nearby countries in relatively small quantities through air
transport while in transit to the United States and European countries.
Southwest Asia
The "Golden Crescent" is the major supplier of opium
poppy, marijuana and heroin products in the western part of Asia. It
produced at least 85% to 90% of all illicit heroin channel in the drug
underworld market.

THE WORLD'S DRUG SCENE

Middle East
The Becka Valley of Lebanon is considered to be the biggest
producer of cannabis in the Middle East. Lebanon has also became
the transit country for cocaine from South America to European
illicit drug markets.

Spain
Spain is known as the major transshipment point for
international drug traffickers in Europe, and became the "Paradise
of drug users in Europe.

Vice and Drug Education and Control (Made Simple)

 South America

Uruguay,and Panama are the principal

Columbia, Peru,
robust production
cocaine supply in the world due to the
sources ofall
of the "coca plants".

Mexico
Mexico is known in the world to be the number one producer
of "Marijuana"

Philippines
the production
Philippines is second to Mexico as to
The
point for
of Marijuana. It also became the major transshipment "Shabu"
the worldwide distributionnof illegal drugs particularly
South America. It is noted that
and "Cocaine" from Taiwan and
of abusers in
Philippines today is known as the drug paradise drug
Asia.
India
India is known as the center of the world's drug map, leading
to the rapid drug addiction among its people

Indonesia

NorthSumatra has traditionally been the main cannabis

growing area in Indonesia. Bali Indonesia is an important transit
point for drugs en route to Australia and New Zealand.
Singapore, Malaysia, and Thailand
These countries are known to be the most favorable sites
of drug distribution from the "Golden Triangle" and other parts of
Asia.

China
China is the transit route for heroin from the "Golden
Triangle" to Hong Kong. It is also the country where the "epedra
plant" is cultivated-sourceofdrug "Ephedrine" whichis the prineipal
chemical for producing Methylamphetamine Hydrochloride
(shabu)

Chapter I: Introduction
Hong Kong
Hong Kong is known as the world's transshipment point of
all forms of "heroin".

Japan
Japan has become the major consumer of cocaine and shabu
trom the United States and Europe.

THE ORGANIZED CRIME GROUPS BEHIND THE

GLOBAL DRUG SCENE
The Columbian Medellin Cartel

Founded during the 1980's by Columbian drug lords in

the name of Pablo Escobar Gaviria and drug bosses: Jose Gonzalo
Rodriguez Gacha and the top aid cocaine barons Juan David Ochoa
Brothers.
The Medellin Cartel is reputedly responsible tor organizing
world's drug traficking network. The Columbian government
succeeded in containing the Medellin Cartel, which resulted in the
death, surrender, and arrest of the people behind the organization.
This further resulted to the disbandment of the Cartel that led to its
downfall.

The Cali Cartel

The downfall of the Columbian Medellin Cartel is the rise of
the Cali Cartel the newly emerged cocaine monopoly.

Gilberto Rodriguez Orajuela better known as "Don Chepe"

"the Chinese Player" heads the syndicated organization. Under
him, the Calu Cartel was considered the most powerful criminal
organization in the world. The Cartel produces over 90% of cocaine
1n the world. Due to this huge produetion, it was called the best
and brightest of the modern underworld. They are Professionals
of the highest order. intelligent. efficient. imaginative and nearly
impenetrable.

Vice and Drug Education and Control (Made Simple)

ent point of The Chinese Triad

The Chinese Triad, also called the Chinese "Mafia" is

the oldest and biggest criminal organization in the world. It
is believed to be the controller of the "Golden Triangle" with
ne and shabu international connection on drug trafficking. The Chinese Triad is
also referred to as the "black societies". Called themselves Triads
because of their highly ritualistic use of numerology a belief in
the magical significance of numbers. The number 3 and multiples
D THE of 3 were accorded major importance by this group. The symbol
triad societies is depicted by an equilateral triangle with the 3 sides
representing the 3 Chinese concepts of heaven, earth, and man.

irug lords in
Jose Gonzalo
David Ochoa

for organizing
government
resulted in the
organization.
I that led to its

rise of
tel is the
ly
s "Don Chepe"
ization. Under

verful criminal

90% of cocaine
called the best

e P r o f e s s i o n a l s

tive a n d nearly

GA

ple)
Chapter I: Introduction SSC LIBRARY
Larena, Siqui jor
 Vice It's Definition and Control

Objectives:
to the students/
The objective of this chapter is to emphasize
how does it affect
readers what is the true meaning of vice,
an individual, as
well as its its evil effects that are more
crimes. It is
disastrous, morally and physically that of other
the mind
also the objective of this chapter to inculcate into
considered immoral
of the readers those vices which are
conduct or habit, the indulgence of which leads to depravity,
wickedness or corruption.

Vice, defined
Vice refers to any immoral conduct or habit, the indulgence
of which leads to depravity, wickedness or corruption.

It is worthy to note that vices are generally thought of as

habits or behaviors that are, at best, unacceptable, and at their
Worst... immoral. Yet there are those vices that have become
SO commonplace that we've ceased to recognize them as such,
aepending on the culture you live in.

Importance of the Study of Vice

he
importance of studying vice are as follows:
t is
important because its evil effects are more disastrous,
morally and physically that of other crimes,
t is
important because vice affects the daily lives of many
people.

Chapter II: Vice It's Definition and Control

 existence causes a Serious
3. It is important because its proh1.
in law enforcement.

4. It is important because commerCialized vice disrunte

social make-up of the community.
the

Smoking
Take, for example, smoking. Half a century ago it wasn'
at all unusual for Americans to smoke everywhere in and out of
doors, on airplanes, at the dinner table, etc.. Today, our culture ha
has
changed due primar1ly to our understanding of its effects on on
health, thus, we no longer see the kind of smoking that was Onca
very common.

Yet it seems that the history of smoking and the presence of

tobacco in the West go back a tew centuries. Apparently, men and
women have enjoyed smoking as long as there's been something to
smoke.
It's even been celebrated in song.

Coffee

Coffee first arrived in Burope via Italy. More specifically, it

came to Venice from the Middle East and quickly spread throughout
Europe. It got a huge promotional boost in 1600 when the Pope
decreed coffee to be a drink for Christians. By the end of the 17th
Century, coffee houses had spread like wild fire, including in places
such as Leipzig, Germany where they were also popular venues for
musical performance.

It was this very setting that inspired Johann Sebastian Bach

to compose his satirical cantata "Schweigt stille, plaudert nicht,"
better known as the "Coffee Cantata," which tells of a daughter's
addiction to coffee and of her father's frustration in trying to get her
to stop drinking it. In the end, he doesn't really succeed in spite of
his best efforts.

12 Vice and Drug Education and Control (Made Simple)

Gambling
Gambling is another one of those vices that is, depending on
an outright sin, or a
who you talk to, variously seen as a recreation,
distraction falling somewhere in between the two.
Gambling, defined,
Gambling is the act or activity of betting money, for example
in card games or on horse racing.
Gambling is agame or scheme wherein the result of which
depends wholly or chiefiy upon chance or hazard.

Chance of Hazard, defined.

Chance of Hazard is the uncertainty of the result of the game
when the outcome of the game is incapable of calculation by human
reason, foresight, capacity or design/

Drinking
Wine and spirits have been the libations of choice for many a reveler,
and drinking to excess, par for the course. Countless numbers of
songs and dramas have marked such excess from the middle ages
through the present day.
Alcohol, defined.

Alcohol is one of the oldest intoxicants known to man. It

is created when grains, fruits, or vegetables are fermented. Ever
since, there has been a continuous effect, everywhere, to control its
consumption because of its devastating effects on human life. Many
countries all over the world have tried prohibition ban with little
success.

Chapter l1: Vice - It's Definition and Control

Fermentation, defined.

Fermentation is a procesS that uses yeast or bacteria

change the sugars in the food into alcohol. Fermentation is Iused to
to
items.
produce many necessary
Alcoholism, defined.

Alcoholism refers to the state or condition of a perso

Son
drinking intoxicating liquors excessively and with
produced by
habitual frequency.
Alcoholic, defined.
from the prolonged and
Alcoholic refers to a person who,
develops physical and
excessive use of alcoholic beverages, finally
on alcohol.
psychological changes and dependence

How does Alcohol affect

the Body?
which means it slows down the
Alcohol is a depressant,
Alcohol actually blocks some
function of the central n e r v o u s system.
into the brain. This alters a person's
of the messages trying to get
emotions, movement, vision, and hearing.
perceptions,

What is Prostitution?

who engages or
Prostitution is an act or practice of a woman

sexual intercourse for money or profit.

habitually indulged in

Who is deemed a prostitute?

A prostitute is any woman who engages herself in

indiscriminate sexual intercourse or acts with males for hire.

Vice and Drug Education and Control (Made Simple)

 Types of Prostitutes

The different types of prostitutes are:

1. Call Girl- This is a part-time prostitute who have her own

legitimate work or profession, but works as prostitute to
augment her income.
2. Hustler- This Is a professional type of prostitute who works
at a bar or tavern. She is also a pick-up girl or a street-walker.
3. Door Knocker - This is an occasional or selective type of

prostitute who is usually a new comer in the business.

4. Factory Girl- This type ofprostitute is the real professional
type who works in regular house of prostitution.

What is Whore/Knocker

It is the name often used for all types of prostitute.

Pimp
One who provides gratification for the lust of others.

White Slavery
The procurement and transportation of women across
satellite for immoral purpose.

Chapter I1: Vice - It's Definition and Control 15

 Drugs: Their Sources,
Classifications and Effects

Some drugs are illegal, and so taking or possessing them is a crime"

Objectives:
This chapter is objectively designed to emphasize the
true meaning of drug,
its sources, classifications- legal
classification and international classification as well as its
effects to person taking it. It is likewise the objective of this
chapter to emphasize the different categories of drugs. This
chapter also emphasizes that medicines are drugs, but not all
drugs are medicinal drug.

Drug defined.

Drug is a chemical substance that brings about physical,

physiological, behavioral and/or psychological change in a person
taking it.

Are all Drugs Harmful?

Any drug may be harmful when abused. The fact that many
drugs will produce beneficial results has led some people to feel
that drugs solve all problems. Drugs that affect the
mind can have
subtle or obvious side effects which can be
immediate or may only
become evident after continuous use. There are
as medicines. But
drugs that are taken
certain drugs are taken not as medicines but to
satisfy a
craving or a strong desire and taking them becomes an
ingrained habit. These habit- forming drugs have brought
millions of people in every misery to
part of the globe.

Chapter III: Vice Drugs Their Sources, Classifications and Effects

-

19
SEVEN CATEGORIES OF DRUGS
The following are the categories of drugs namely:
1. Herbal Drugs

Herbal drugs plant substance that have

are
whose use
generally regulated by the law. Thesedrug effects
is not
require little processing after the plants are substane
ances
may be grown locally. gathered. These dn
2. Over-the-counter Drugs

Ovcr-the-counter drugs are

commercially produced drugs
that may be purchased
also known
legally without prescription. These drugs ara
as "propriety drugs" are

3. Prescription Drugs

Prescription drugs are

commercially produced
that can be legally dispensed only by a physician ordruos
sold or
phvsician's order. They are like Over-the-counter on a
are manufactured by pharmaceutical companies, but drugs in that thev
that the decision to use drugs is legally vested in a they differ, in
not in the user.
licensed physician
4. Unrecognized Drugs

Unrecognized drugs are commercial products that have

a psychoactive drug effects but are not
usually considered drugs.
These substances are not generally regulated by law except in so far
as standards of sanitation and
purity is required.
5. Illicit Drugs

Ilicit drugs are drugs whose sale, purchase or use is

prohibited by law. Criminal penalties usually apply to violators of
generally
these laws.
6. Tobacco

Tobacco is not generally considered a drug, thus, may be

classified as an unrecognized drug, However, tobacco holds sucha
distinct position in terms of usage patterns, economic importance,

20 Vice and Drug Education and Control (Made Simple)

 and health consequences that it merits a category to itsclf.

7. Alcohol

Although alcohol may be included in the unrecognized

drugs, alcohol in forms such as beer wine, and distilled liquor is
one of the most widely used drugs in our society. It is regarded by
many experts as the most commonly abused drug in our society.

Medicines vs. Drugs

All medicines are drugs, but not all drugs are medicinal drug.

Medicinal Drugs
A substance which when taken into the human body cures
illness andor relieves Signs/symptoms of disease.

Dangerous Drugs
A Dangerous drug is a substance affecting the central
nervous system which when taken into the human body brings about
physical, emotional or behavioral changes in a person taking it.

Drug Abuse

Drug abuse may refer to any non-medical use of drugs that

cause physical, psychological, legal, economic, or social damage to
the user or to people affected by the user's behavior.

Abuse usually refers to illegal drugs but may also be

applicable to drugs that are available legally, such as prescribed
medications and certain over-the-counter medications.

CLASSIFICATION OF DRUGs
Drugs may be classified into:
A. According to origin:
a. Natural Drugs -

are active ingredients, secondary metabolic

products of plants and other living systems that may be
isolated by extraction.

Chapter I: Vice - Drugs Their Sources, Classifications and Efects

21
 Examples:
Raw opium
Marijuana
Coca bush
b. Synthetic Drugs- are artificially produced
synthesized in the laboratory for the illicit market,substancec
almost wholly manufactured from chemical which are
illicit laboratories. compounds in
Examples:
Methamphetamine
Barbiturates

B. According to Legal classification:

a, RA9165
(Comprehensive Dangerous Drug Act of
2002)
mh UnderRepublic Act 9165, otherwise known as The
comprehensive Dangerous drugs Act of 2002):
R.A.9165 gives asingle definitionto
removing the distinction between dangerous drugs.
prohibited and regulated
drugs. The old law defines the term "dangerous drugs"
pertaining to either "prohibited drug" or a "regulated drug".as
b. PD 1619 (Volatile Substances)
c. RA 6425 (Classified as: Regulated and Prohibited)
Under Republic Act 6425, otherwise known as The
Dangerous Drugs Act of 1972: "Dangerous Drugs" refers
to either

(1) "Prohibited drug", which includes opium and its

active components and derivatives, such as heroin and
morphine; coca leaf and its derivatives, principally
cocaine, alpha and beta eucaine; hallucinogenic drugs,
such as mescaline, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and
other substances producing similar effects; Indian hemp

22 Vice and Drug Education and Control (Made Simple)

 and its derivatives; all preparations made from any of the
foregoing; and other drugs and chemical preparations,
whether natural or synthetic, with the physiological
effects of a narcotic or a hallucinogenic drug; or (As
amended by B.P. 179 dated March 2, 1982)
(2) Regulated drug", which includes self-inducing
sedatives, such as secobarbital, Phenobarbital,
pentobarbital, such as secobarbital, barbital, amobarbital
and any other drug which contains a salt or a derivative
of a salt of barbituric acid; any salt, isomer or salt of
an isomer, of amphetamine, such as Benzedrine or
Dexedrine, or any drug which produces a physiological
action similar to amphetamine; and hypnotic drugs, such
as methaqualone, nitrazepam or any other compound
producing similar physiological effects; (As amended by
PD No. 1683 dated March 14, 1980)

4
C. According to International Classification:
a. Narcotics substance (derived from the "Greck word"
narkotikos"- meaning "sleep"
Any drug that produces sleep or stupor and also relieves
pain (medical);
Depress the central nervous system to produce a marked
reduction in sensitivity to pain, create droWSiness and
reduce physical activity
A drug which therapeutic doses diminishes awareness of
sensory impulses, especially pain, by the brain, in large
doses, it causes stupor, coma or convulsions
b. Psychotropic substances
Any substance, natural or synthetic or any natural
material that have a high potential for dependence and
abuse.
These drugs are highly addictive but, despite the risk,
they remain in medical use because no satisfactory non-

Chapter IlI: Vice - Drugs Their Sources, Classifications and Effects 23

 addictive alternative medication is available
Pertaining to any drug or agent having a narH

affinity for or effect on the psyche particular

Examples:
Heroin
Marijuana
Cocaine
Amphetamines
Morphine
Some barbiturates

C. Designer drugs
Designer drugs are substance chemically related to
from controlled substances
but slightly different
Designer drugs are designed by clandestine chemists
with the aim to manufacture compounds that produce "the
high or euphoria of parent drugs and avoid the penalties
that would be levied against those illegally trafficking the
controlled substance.

D. According to Pharmacological Classification (Effects)

a. Stimulants
b. Hallucinogens
c. Depressants
d. Inhalants

a. STIMULANTS (uppers) - are drugs which increase

alertness of physical disposition. They also reduce hunger and

provide a feeling ofwell being. They produce the opposite to
that of depressants. Instead of bringing about relaxation and
sleep, they produce increased mental alertness, wakefüulness,
reduce hunger, and provide a feeling of well being. Cocaine
and Amphetamines are the most common stimulants.

24 Vice and Drug Education and Control (Made Simple)

Example of Amphetamine: Methamphetamine Hydrochloride

Picture of air dried Methamphetamine HCI (Shabu)

Street Name: Poor man's cocaine, S, shabu, shabs, ubas,

S1opao, sha, ice

What it is: White odorless crystal/crystalline powder

with a bitter numbing taste
How Taken: Ingestion, inhalation (chasing the dragon),
snitfing, injection, smoked

Effects: General: anxiety, irritability, irrational

behavior
Long Term: psychosis similar to schizophrenia,
difficulty in concentrating, loss of interest
in sex

Physical: chest pain, irregular heartbeat,

hypertension, convulsion, death
Dangers: Injection from contaminated
needles may lead to risk of infections,
phlebitis, septicemia, AIDS, etc.

Chapter II: Vice - Drugs Their Sources, Classifications and Effects

25
 b. HALLUCINOGENS (Psychedelics) are
drugs
affect sensation, thinking, self-awareness and emotion which
Changes in time and space perception, del
on, delusions
beliets) and hallucinations may be
(false mild Oror
overwhelming, depending on dose and quality of drugs
results very variable, a "good trip" or a "bad trip"
are The
occur in the same person on different occasions. may
(MDMA), LSD, Marijuana and Mescaline are the Ecstacy
popular hallucinogens. nost

Example: Ecstacy (Methylenedioxymethamphetamine or MDMA

MA
for hrevitv)

Street Name: XTC, Adam, essence, E, herbals

How Taken: Swallowing or inhalation
Effects: Exaggerated emotions, makes HR and BP
hike up, dries the mouth, stiffens arms,
legs, jaw; dilates pupils of the eyes, causes
faintness, chills sweating and nausea.

Dangers: It can realy kill!

26 Vice and Drug Education and Control (Made Simple)

Example: LSD (Lysergic Acid Diethylamide)

Street Name: Lucy in the sky with diamonds, wedding

bells, acid, white sugar, lightning, cubes,
brain eaters
What it is: A semi-synthetic alkaloid substance extracted
from a fungus which grows on rye, wheat,
and other grains; odorless, tasteless, colorless

Effects:

Psychological.vivid hallucinations, confusion, blurring

and distinction between conscious and
unconscious thought, etc.

Physical: dilated pupils, flushed face, increased BP,

etc.

Dangers: May cause abntrmal amount of breakage

of chromosomes of WBCs that carry genes,
which may result to miscarriages and birth
defects.

G4%
Chapter IIl: Vice - Drugs Their Sources, Claasaficaio ande

Larena, Siqvijor
Example: Marijuana

Marijuana
leaves
Picture
of fresh

brownines
pampapogi,
Flower,
Mary Jane,
Street
Name:
joint, Dope
damo, pot, tea,
Sativa L. (Indian
Cannabis
Comes from
tobacco
What it is: looks like fine, green
hemp);
be taken in
can
pipes/cigarettes;
Smoked in
How Taken: snitfed in powder
food; made into candy;
butter
form; mixed with honey or

Effects:
faster heartbeat,
bloodshot eyes, dry
mmediate
mouth

chest pain, temporary

loss of fertility,
Long Term: cancer, marijuana burn-out.

Slows down user's mental and psychomotor

Dangers:
long-term use may lead
to
activities;
lead to
psychological dependence: may
cancer.

28 Vice and Drug Education and Control (Made Simple)

 C. DEPRESSANTS are drugs
which depress or lower the
functions of the Central Nervous System.

Types of Depressants:

a. Narcotics (derived from the Greek word "narkotikos".

meaning"sleep"-Are drugs which produce insensitivity,
stupor, melancholy or dullness of mind, induces sleep
(Hypnotics) or stupor and relieve pain (Analgesics).
Opium, Heroin, Codein, Morphine are the most popular
of narcotics.

Examples of Narcotics:

nines,

Indian

ken in
Owder Street Name: Schoolboy
What it is: A component of opium and derivative of
morphine; ideal analgesic; found in some
cough syrups.
, dry
How Taken: Orally (tablet or liquid), by injection
rtility Effects: Analgesic and cough suppressant with very
little sedation or exhilarant (euphoric) action;
dependence can be produced in large doses
motor

ad
to Dangers: Occasionally taken for kicks; dependence
ad to may occur; occasionally resorted to by
opiate-dependent persons to tide them over it
heroin is difficult to obtain with inadequate
result.

hapter I1I: Vice - Drugs Their Sources, Classifications and Effects 29

 calm the nerua.
-

and Hypnotics
Sedatives
b. tensionand induce sleep. Common examples of sedaives educe
are
Barbiturates and Alcohol. atives

Barbiturates

bala, downers, yellow jackets, blue

Street Name: Lily,
heavens
from barbituric acid ("Barb"):
What it is: Made
prescribed to induce sleep
or provide calming
effect
(tablet/capsule); Sometimnes
How Taken: Orally
intravenously
Small amounts make user relaxed, sociable
Effects: him
good-humored; heavy doses make
sluggish, gloomy, sometimes quarrelsome;
thick speech; staggering gait
Sedation, coma, death from respiratory
Dangers: and
failure; deaths from intentional and
unintentional overdose; more than 400 mg

per day may lead to barbiturate poisoning,

drug automatism, physical dependence and
death.

30 Vice and Drug Education and Control (Made Simple)

 LrORITAS
Extre

Alcohol

Street Name: Beer, whisky, Gin, brandy, wine

Effects: Sedation; impairs mental and physical

functions; increases the risk of heart attack
and stroke.

Dangers: cirrhosis; brain damage: obesity:; may lead to

cancer of the esophagus, intestines, pancreas,
thyroid, and breast.

C. Tranquilizers drugs used in treating nervous

-

are
disorders or calm psychotic patients or mental disorders
without producing sleep. Example of
Tranquilizer is
Diazepam (also known as "Valium"). It is the most
commonly used tranquilizer, which has a slow onset
butlong duration of action. Prolonged use may result to
dependence both physical and psychological.

Chapter Il: Vice - Drugs Their Sources, Classifications and Effects 3