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    Nitrogen Cycle - Lecture Notes

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    B-Sadorra, Marls Angel Roe N.
    Nitrogen is essential for life but most organisms cannot use nitrogen gas (N2) directly. Nitrogen must be converted to other compounds through nitrogen fixation, primarily by bacteria. These bacteria have the enzyme nitrogenase that combines nitrogen with hydrogen to form ammonia. Ammonia is then converted to nitrites and nitrates through nitrification by other bacteria, making it available for plant absorption and assimilation into proteins. The nitrogen cycle also occurs through ammonification as decomposers break down dead organisms into ammonia.

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    Nitrogen Cycle - Lecture Notes

    Uploaded by

    B-Sadorra, Marls Angel Roe N.
    37 views2 pages
    Nitrogen is essential for life but most organisms cannot use nitrogen gas (N2) directly. Nitrogen must be converted to other compounds through nitrogen fixation, primarily by bacteria. These bacteria have the enzyme nitrogenase that combines nitrogen with hydrogen to form ammonia. Ammonia is then converted to nitrites and nitrates through nitrification by other bacteria, making it available for plant absorption and assimilation into proteins. The nitrogen cycle also occurs through ammonification as decomposers break down dead organisms into ammonia.

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    Nitrogen Cycle_Lecture Notes

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    Nitrogen is essential for life but most organisms cannot use nitrogen gas (N2) directly. Nitrogen must be converted to other compounds through nitrogen fixation, primarily by bacteria. These bacteria have the enzyme nitrogenase that combines nitrogen with hydrogen to form ammonia. Ammonia is then converted to nitrites and nitrates through nitrification by other bacteria, making it available for plant absorption and assimilation into proteins. The nitrogen cycle also occurs through ammonification as decomposers break down dead organisms into ammonia.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    37 views2 pages

    Nitrogen Cycle - Lecture Notes

    Uploaded by

    B-Sadorra, Marls Angel Roe N.
    Nitrogen is essential for life but most organisms cannot use nitrogen gas (N2) directly. Nitrogen must be converted to other compounds through nitrogen fixation, primarily by bacteria. These bacteria have the enzyme nitrogenase that combines nitrogen with hydrogen to form ammonia. Ammonia is then converted to nitrites and nitrates through nitrification by other bacteria, making it available for plant absorption and assimilation into proteins. The nitrogen cycle also occurs through ammonification as decomposers break down dead organisms into ammonia.

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    LECTURE NOTES:

    *BASIC FACTS ABOUT NITROGEN

     Nitrogen atoms are the essential components of all the proteins in your body. The bases in DNA
    and RNA also contain nitrogen.
     Our atmosphere is made up of 78% nitrogen.
     Nitrogen must first be converted into other compounds because the plants, animals, and most
    organisms cannot use the free nitrogen gas (N2)
     Nitrogen is essential for many biological processes; it is in all amino acids, is incorporated into
    proteins, and is present in the bases that make up nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA.
     In plants, much of the nitrogen is used in chlorophyll molecules which are essential for
    photosynthesis and further growth.
     Processing, or fixation, is necessary to convert gaseous nitrogen into forms usable by living
    organisms.
     Some fixation occurs in lightning strikes, but most fixation is done by free-living or symbiotic
    bacteria.
     These bacteria have the nitrogenase enzyme that combines gaseous nitrogen with hydrogen to
    produce ammonia.

    The Steps In The Nitrogen Cycle

    *Nitrogen Fixation

    - Nitrogen fixing, bacteria in the soil and root nodules of legumes like peanut, peas, and beans convert
    nitrogen gas (N2) into ammonium ions (NH 4+). Rhizobium bacteria live symbiotically in the root nodules
    of legumes (such as peas, beans, and peanuts) and provide them with the organic nitrogen they need. The
    ammonium ions are released to roots of the bacteria’s host and soil. Some plants can use ammonium ions
    directly to make organic compounds.

    Lightning breaks nitrogen molecules (N2) apart and combines them with oxygen (O 2) to form nitrogen
    oxides (N2O) or with hydrogen (H) to form ammonia (NH3). Nitrogen oxides dissolve in rain forming
    nitrates (NO3). Nitrates are carried to the ground with the rain.

    *Nitrification
    -Most atmospheric nitrogen is “fixed” (made useable) and changed to ammonia (NH 3) by bacteria in the
    soil and attached to the roots of legumes (peas, beans, peanuts and soybeans). A few plants can use
    ammonia but most cannot. Through the process of nitrification, this problem is solved. Nitrifying bacteria
    change the ammonia in the soil to nitrites and then into nitrates. The nitrates are dissolved in water and
    absorbed through the roots of plants.

    \
    *Assimilation

    -Assimilation in the process whereby plants absorb the nitrates and/or ammonium from the soil and use
    them to make proteins.

    *Ammonification

    -Decomposers (fungi and bacteria) convert the remains of dead plants and animals to ammonia plus other
    substances.

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