Evidence
Evidence
Evidence
Definition
× The means, sanctioned by these
rules, of ascertaining in a judicial
proceeding, the truth respecting a
matter of fact
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Scope of Application
× Under the Rules of Court, the rules
of evidence are specifically
applicable only to judicial
proceedings
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Uniformity of Application
× The rules of evidence shall be the
same in all courts and in all trials
and hearings
Admissibility of Evidence
× Evidence is admissible when it is
relevant to the issue and not
excluded by the Constitution, the
law or these Rules
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Relevance of Evidence
Evidence is relevant when it has “such
a relation to the fact in issue as to
induce belief in its existence or non-
existence”
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Collateral matters
Matters other than the fact in issue
and which are offered as a basis for
inference as to the existence or non-
existence of the facts in issue
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Collateral matters
General rule: Evidence on collateral
matters is NOT allowed
Quantum of Evidence
I. Proof Beyond Reasonable Doubt:
Proof beyond reasonable doubt does
not mean such a degree of proof as,
excluding possibility of error, produces
absolute certainty. Moral certainty
only is required, or that degree of
proof which produces conviction in an
unprejudiced mind.
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Quantum of Evidence
II. Preponderance of Evidence
Means that the evidence adduced by
one side is, as a whole, superior to or
has greater weight than that of the
other
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Quantum of Evidence
III. Substantial Evidence
It is the amount of relevant evidence
which a reasonable mind might accept
as adequate to justify a conclusion.
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Quantum of Evidence
IV. Clear and Convincing Evidence
Clear and convincing evidence is more
than mere preponderance, but not to
the extent of such certainty as is
required beyond reasonable doubt as
in criminal cases
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Object Evidence
Those addressed to the senses of the
court
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RELEVANT
When an object is relevant to the
fact in issue, it may be exhibited to,
examined or viewed by the court
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Exceptions
a. Exhibition is contrary to public policy,
morals or decency;
b. It would result in delays, inconvenience,
unnecessary expenses out of proportion to
the evidentiary value of such object;
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Documentary Evidence
Consist of writings, recordings, photographs,
or any material containing letters, words,
sounds, numbers, figures, symbols, or their
equivalent, or other modes of written
expressions offered as proof of their contents.
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Due execution
a. the person or persons who executed it;
b. the person before whom its execution was
acknowledged; or
c. any person who was present and saw it
executed and delivered, or who, after its
execution and delivery, saw it and recognized
the signatures, or by a person to whom the
parties to the instruments had previously
confessed the execution thereof
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Assignment:
Instruction: Look at your surroundings
and identify the objects that you can
present in court.
Case Summary
Instruction: Read this case
ROMEO TUMABINI VS. PEOPLE OF THE
PHILIPPINES (G.R. No. 224495,
February 19, 2020)
ISSUES:
1. What was the object evidence?
2. What was the ruling in the need to
authenticate the object evidence?
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Format
Content:
a. Facts of the Case
b. Issues
c. SC Ruling