CourseTit

le:Heal
thinformati
cs
StudentName: Dr
.Bir
uktawitGir
ma
I
DNumber :GMPH/ 19371/2014A
Secti
on:7

SUBMITTEDTO:
Dr.Semer
eGebr
emar
iam
(
Bsc,
Msc,Phd)

Nov
ember
,2022
 Et
hiopi
anNat
ional
e-Heal
thPol
icyandSt
rat
egy

E-
Heal
th:
TheWor
ldHeal
thOr
gani
zat
iondef
inesE-
Heal
thast
heuseofi
nfor
mat
ionand
communi
cat
iont
echnol
ogi
es(
ICT)f
orheal
th.’
I
nabr
oadersense,
iti
sconcer
nedwi
th
i
mpr
ovi
ngt
hef
lowofi
nfor
mat
ion,
thr
oughel
ect
roni
cmeans,
tosuppor
tthedel
i
ver
yof
heal
thser
vicesandt
hemanagementofheal
thsy
stems”eHeal
thcanbeal
so
consi
der
edasameanst
oensur
ethatt
her
ightheal
thi
nfor
mat
ioni
spr
ovi
dedt
othe
r
ightper
sonatt
her
ightpl
aceandt
imei
nasecur
e,el
ect
roni
cfor
mtoopt
imi
zet
he
accessi
bil
i
tyandqual
i
tyofheal
thcar
edel
i
ver
y,r
esear
ch,
educat
ionandknowl
edgef
or
heal
thsy
stem.E-
Heal
thshoul
dbev
iewedasbot
htheessent
ial
inf
rast
ruct
ure
under
pinni
ngi
nfor
mat
ionexchangebet
weenal
lpar
ti
cipant
sina
heal
thcar
esy
stemandasakey
enabl
eranddr
iver
for
impr
ovedheal
thout
comesf
orapopul
ati
o
n.

I
nor
dert
obui
l
daf
lexi
bleandef
fi
cienteHeal
thcapabi
l
ityEt
hiopi
ashoul
dembar
kona
st
rat
egyofnat
ional
eHeal
thcoor
dinat
ionandal
i
gnment
.Thi
swi
l
linv
olv
ethe
est
abl
i
shmentofnat
ional
framewor
ksandi
nfr
ast
ruct
ural
component
sthatcanbe
l
ever
agedatnat
ional
,regi
onal
andl
ocal
lev
elst
odel
i
versol
uti
onst
hatar
eabl
etobe
i
ntegr
atedandshar
edat
aacr
ossgeogr
aphi
candheal
thsect
orboundar
ies.The
st
rat
egi
cpl
anencour
agesnat
ional
ali
gnmentandconnect
ivi
tywhi
l
stpr
ovi
dingt
he
r
egi
onanddi
str
ict
,indi
vi
dual
car
epr
ovi
der
sandcar
epr
ovi
deror
gani
zat
ions
wi
tht
heabi
l
ity
tot
akedi
ff
erent
appr
oachest
osol
vi
ngt
hei
rspeci
fi
ceHeal
thchal
l
enges.

Rat
ional
es:TheFMOHhasawel
l
-def
inedv
isi
ont
oimpr
ovet
heaccessandqual
i
tyof
car
ewi
thaf
ivey
earHeal
thSt
rat
egyDev
elopmentPl
an(
HSDP)
.Tor
eal
i
zet
hisv
isi
on,
t
heMi
nist
ryhasr
ecogni
zedandposi
ti
onedeHeal
thasakeyt
ransf
ormat
ionenabl
er.
Thecur
renteHeal
thappl
i
cat
ionsi
nEt
hiopi
aar
edel
i
ver
ingpr
omi
singr
esul
ts.Howev
er,
pr
eli
minar
ysi
tuat
ionassessmenti
ndi
cat
est
hateHeal
thi
nit
iat
ivesi
nEt
hiopi
aar
e
char
act
eri
zedassmal
lscal
e,dupl
i
cat
ionofef
for
tsi
sol
atedandunabl
etoef
fect
ivel
y
communi
cat
e(i
nter
oper
abl
e)wi
theachot
her
s.I
nthatr
ecogni
zant
,theGov
ernmentof
Et
hiopi
a(GOE)hasconsi
der
eddev
elopi
ngandf
ormul
ati
nganat
ional
eHeal
thst
rat
egy
f
orcoor
dinat
ingandst
reaml
i
ningt
hev
ari
ouseHeal
thi
nit
iat
ivesunder
wayi
nthecount
ry
aswel
lasest
abl
i
shi
ngaf
oundat
ionf
orsust
ainabl
eeHeal
thi
mpl
ement
ati
on.The
eHeal
thst
rat
egywi
l
lconsi
derandr
eal
i
zest
andar
dizat
ionandi
mpl
ement
ati
onsof
nat
ional
eHeal
thsy
stemst
hati
ncl
ude:
accesst
oheal
thi
nfor
mat
ionandknowl
edge-
shar
ingpl
anni
nganddeci
sionmaki
ng;
heal
thsy
stem capaci
tybui
l
dingi
nter
msof
cr
eat
ingenabl
i
ngeHeal
thenv
ironment(
Humanr
esour
ce,
legal
framewor
k,pr
ivacyand
compl
i
anceandf
undi
ng)
;andHeal
thGr
owt
handTr
ansf
ormat
ionpl
an(
GTP)t
opul
l
t
oget
herv
ari
ousdi
spar
atei
nit
iat
ivesi
ntoashar
edv
isi
onwi
thapr
ocessor
ient
edr
oad
mapt
omov
eahead.I
nor
dert
oachi
eveandsuppor
tlong-
ter
m FMOHheal
thst
rat
egi
c
goal
s,t
heexi
sti
nge-
Heal
thi
nit
iat
ivesneedt
obemuchmor
est
rongl
yint
egr
ated,
i
nter
oper
abl
eandst
ickwi
thst
andar
ds(
technol
ogy
/pr
ogr
am)wi
thoutcompr
omi
singt
he
obj
ect
ivesofeachsub-
syst
em andest
abl
i
shi
ngf
oundat
ionsf
orpl
anni
ng,
coor
dinat
ing
scal
i
ngupdi
ff
erentHeal
thef
for
ts.

Chal
lenges:
TheEt
hiopi
anheal
thcar
esy
stem i
sst
rai
ningt
odeal
wit
hsev
eral
issuesand
st
ruggl
est
oachi
evet
hemaxi
mum i
mpactont
heHSDPI
V/MDGst
arget
sandt
ouse
ef
fect
ivel
ythel
i
mit
edf
inanci
alandhumanr
esour
cesaswel
lasi
nnov
ati
veappr
oaches.
Howev
er,
over
all
heal
thcar
eandeHeal
thhast
hef
oll
owi
ngchal
l
enges:

A)TheHeal
thcar
eSect
orChal
l
enges:
Shor
tageofheal
thcar
epr
ofessi
onal
s,Emer
ging
ofnewdi
seases,
Seaml
essheal
thcar
eser
vicesal
lov
ert
hecount
ryandNewt
reat
ment
s
andt
echnol
ogy
.B)TheeHeal
thSy
stemsChal
l
enges:
Inf
rast
ruct
ure(
elect
ri
cit
y,
har
dwar
eandcommuni
cat
ion,
appl
i
cat
ion)
,HumanResour
ce(
IT,
inf
ormat
ics,
HIT,
other
pr
ofessi
ons)
,Leader
shi
pandGov
ernanceandFi
nanci
ng

Oppor
tuni
ti
es:Gov
ernmentI
CTI
nit
iat
ives:
Tel
ecommuni
cat
ioni
sacent
ral
i
nfr
ast
ruct
urei
nthei
mpl
ement
ati
onofeHeal
thpr
ogr
ams.Wi
thoutaddr
essi
ngt
he
t
elecommuni
cat
ioni
nfr
ast
ruct
ural
issues,
itwi
l
lbev
irt
ual
l
ydi
ff
icul
ttor
eal
i
zet
hegoal
of
e-
Heal
thi
mpl
ement
ati
on.TheGov
ernmentofEt
hiopi
aaspar
toft
heI
CT4Dpr
ocesses
cur
rent
lyi
mpl
ement
inganumberofmaj
orpr
oject
sandi
nit
iat
ivesi
ncl
udi
ng:
theSchool
Net
,Wor
edaNet,
Agr
iNet
,Et
hERNet
,rur
alconnect
ivi
tyandt
heE-
gov
ernmentpr
ogr
am
amongot
her
s.El
ect
ri
cit
y:Accor
dingt
otheGTPEt
hiopi
aisper
for
mingmassi
ve
el
ect
ri
fi
cat
ion,
thati
ncl
udest
her
ural
elect
ri
fi
cat
ionpr
ogr
am whi
chai
mst
oincr
easet
he
numberoft
ownsandr
ural
vil
l
ageswhi
chhav
eaccesst
oel
ect
ri
cpowerf
rom 648t
o
6,
000.I
naddi
ti
ont
othi
stheFMOHhasmobi
l
izedr
esour
cesandper
for
med/pr
oceeds
2013/
14t
oel
ect
ri
fi
ed400Heal
thCent
ersand1,
654Heal
thPost
sthr
oughPVsol
aand
pl
anned900HCsand13,
000HPsi
nthey
ear2014/
2015.Har
dwar
e(Comput
er,
Lapt
op,
Mobi
l
e,Tabl
ets,
Pri
nter
s,UPS,
etc)
:Necessar
yICThar
dwar
ethati
ncl
udescomput
ati
on
dev
icessuchas:
comput
ers,
Ser
ver
s,Lapt
ops,
Tabl
ets,
Mobi
l
es,
Pri
nter
s,Scanner
,GPS
handhel
dandot
herr
elat
edaccessor
ieshav
ebeenmadeav
ail
abl
etoal
ll
evel
s.Recent
ly
mor
ethan4,
172comput
ersf
ore-
HMI
S/PHEM and1,
300f
ornewmedi
cal
educat
ion
i
nst
it
uti
onshav
ebeenacqui
redanddi
str
ibut
ed.Sof
twar
e(Appl
i
cat
ion)
:Ov
ert
hey
ear
s
FMOHhav
edev
elopedv
ari
ousnat
ional
e-heal
thappl
i
cat
iont
hati
ncl
udes;
e-HMI
S/
PHEM,
EMR/
E.H.
R,CHMI
S,HRI
S(manage/
li
cense)
,IFMI
S,M-
heal
th,
etc.Ot
heri
nit
iat
ives
i
ncl
udes:
LIS,
hubSt
oreI
S,dr
ugdi
spendi
ng,
CBHI
S,Achi
evi
ng/
indexi
ngI
S,Fl
eetMI
S,
St
ockMI
S,et
c.hasal
sodev
elopedanddepl
oyedt
oal
ll
evel
s.

Leader
shi
p&Gov
ernancePol
ici
esandSt
rat
egi
es:
Ther
ear
eencour
agi
nggov
ernment
pol
i
ciesandst
rat
egi
est
hatcr
eat
esf
avor
abl
eoppor
tuni
ti
esf
oreHeal
thi
mpl
ement
ati
on,
t
hesei
ncl
ude:
PHI
D/HI
TCTatFMOH&Amhar
aRHB,
I
CT&Heal
thPol
i
cy,
Educat
ional
Cur
ri
cul
um (
NEMI
,ot
herI
Tembeddedsy
ll
abus)
,E-
Gov
ernanceSt
rat
egybyGOE(
MCI
T),
GTP,
HSDP,
HIS,
HAD,
andOt
hercor
epr
ocessesi
ncl
udi
ngHMI
S,HRD,
MNCH,
MDG,
etc.

Fi
nanci
ng:TheGOEhasspentr
esour
cesf
orI
CTi
nfr
ast
ruct
urebui
l
ding,
trai
ning,
dev
elopmentandi
mpl
ement
ati
ont
hatar
efoundat
ionf
ore-
heal
thi
nit
iat
ives.Ov
ert
he
y
ear
stheexpendi
tur
esonI
CThasi
ncr
eased.Ot
hermaj
orcont
ri
but
orsf
orr
esour
ces
i
ncl
ude:
GOEbudget
,HCFr
efor
m,ot
herbudget(
GF,
GAVI
,
USG,
MDG-
PF,
other
dev
elopmentpar
tner
s).

HumanResour
ces:
Aspar
tofMOH’
sHumanResour
ceSt
rat
egy20/
20HI
Tindi
ploma
hasbeent
rai
nedat20TVETcol
l
ages,
cur
rent
lycl
oset
o917hav
egr
aduat
edandmor
e
t
han1,
500hav
ebeenenr
oll
ed;
aMSci
nHeal
thi
nfor
mat
icsatMekel
eUni
ver
sit
y
cur
rent
ly26hav
egr
aduat
edand29enr
oll
ed;
Addi
sAbabaUni
ver
sit
ycur
rent
ly100hav
e
gr
aduat
edand22enr
oll
ed;
Gonderuni
ver
sit
ycur
rent
ly51hav
egr
aduat
edand7enr
oll
ed.
GonderUni
ver
sit
yhasst
art
ed2012/
13academi
ccal
endaraB.
Sc.pr
ogr
am and
cur
rent
ly27st
udent
senr
oll
ed.

St
rat
egy
:TheNat
ional
eHeal
thst
rat
egyofEt
hiopi
aisai
medatgui
dingandst
reaml
i
ning
t
heI
nfor
mat
ionandCommuni
cat
ionTechnol
ogy(
ICT)sol
uti
onsi
ntheheal
thcar
esect
or.
Thecor
eoft
hest
rat
egyi
sthecommi
tmentt
hatheal
thpr
ogr
am wi
l
lbef
ocusedon
t
hreegr
oupsofbenef
ici
ari
es(
Heal
thandheal
thcar
epr
ovi
der
s,Consumer
sofheal
th
andHeal
thandheal
thcar
eser
vicemanager
s)Vi
sion,
Missi
onandObj
ect
ives:
The
Et
hiopi
anheal
thsect
orout
li
nedt
hemi
ssi
onandv
isi
onoft
hesect
orasf
oll
ows:

Vi
sion:
Prov
isi
onofequi
tabl
e,qual
i
tyandt
imel
yheal
thser
vicest
houghtt
heuseof
eHeal
th

Mi
ssi
on:
Toadoptappr
opr
iat
eeHeal
thenv
ironmenti
ntheheal
thsect
orofEt
hiopi
a,t
o
i
mpr
ovet
heheal
thout
comebybr
idgi
ngt
heequi
tygapandenhanci
ngt
heef
fect
iveness
andef
fi
ciencyoft
heheal
thser
vicedel
i
ver
y.

Mai
nObj
ect
ives:
Tocr
eat
est
andar
dized,
int
egr
atedandhar
moni
zede-
heat
h
env
ironmentt
oimpr
oveheal
thser
vicedel
i
ver
y.

Speci
fi
cObj
ect
ives;

1.Toi
mpr
oveaccess,
qual
i
ty,
eff
ici
encyheal
thsy
stemst
hroughe-
heal
thappl
i
cat
ion
(
suchas:
Tel
emedi
ci
ne,
M-Heal
th,
Tel
e-educat
ion,
E.H.
R,et
c.)

2.Toenhanceev
idence-
basedpl
anni
nganddeci
sion-
maki
ngpr
ocesst
hrought
imel
y,
accur
ateandcompr
ehensi
vedat
a/i
nfor
mat
ionmanagementsy
stem atal
ll
evel
sof
heal
thcar
e.(
suchas:
e-HMI
S,e-
PHEM (
diseasesur
vei
l
lance)
,Tel
emedi
cine,
M-Heal
th,
E.
H.R,
HRI
S,et
c.)

3.Toi
mpr
ovet
her
efer
ral
syst
em (
ref
err
alandser
viceav
ail
abi
l
itydat
abase,
ambul
ator
y
managementi
nfor
mat
ionsy
stem,
GIS,
E.H.
R.t
elemedi
cine,
M-heal
th)

4.Tost
rengt
hent
hehumanr
esour
cesdev
elopment(
HRI
S,e-
lear
ning/
tel
e-educat
ion)

5.Toenhanceheal
thandheal
thr
elat
edr
esear
chest
houghtt
hepr
omot
ionofel
ect
roni
c
dat
acol
l
ect
ionandexchange.(
Elect
roni
csur
veyandsur
vei
l
lance,
elect
roni
cpubl
i
cat
ion,
knowl
edge-
baseddat
abase)
.
6.Toenhancepubl
i
caccesst
oheal
thi
nfor
mat
ionexchangeanddi
ssemi
nat
ionon
heal
thser
vices(
webpor
tal
,cal
lcent
er,
e-newsl
ett
er,
SMS,
soci
almedi
a,di
git
alnot
ice
boar
ds)
.

7.ToadapteHeal
thst
andar
dsandsy
stemsar
chi
tect
uret
oensur
ehar
moni
zedand
i
nter
oper
abl
eeHeal
thappl
i
cat
ions.(
Gui
del
i
nes,
uni
quei
dent
if
ier
s,f
aci
l
itymast
erl
i
st,
nat
ional
heal
thdat
adi
cti
onar
y)

St
rat
egi
cAr
easofI
nter
vent
ions

1.Toadapt
-heal
thst
andar
ds(
Legal
andRegul
ator
yfr
amewor
k)

2.I
mpl
ement
ingt
henat
ional
ICTi
nfr
ast
ruct
uref
ore-
heal
th(
Inf
rast
ruct
ure,
standar
ds
andsy
stem f
ore-
Heal
th)

3.Est
abl
i
shgov
ernanceandl
eader
shi
pforeHeal
th.

4.Educat
ional
promot
iont
oal
lst
akehol
der
sone-
heal
th(Fi
nanci
ngandI
nvest
mentf
or
eHeal
thaswel
lassuppor
tandpr
omot
ee-
Heal
thser
viceandAppl
i
cat
ions)

5.Suppor
tHumanr
esour
cedev
elopmentandcapaci
tybui
l
dingf
oreHeal
th(
HIT,
IT,
i
nfor
mat
ics,
car
epr
ovi
der
s).

I
mpl
ement
ati
on:Theov
eral
leHeal
thi
mpl
ement
ati
onwi
l
lbel
edandgov
ernedbyt
he
FMOH,
whi
chi
ncl
udesHDAst
ruct
ure.Fol
l
owi
ngt
hegui
dingpr
inci
plesout
li
nedi
nthe
pr
evi
oussect
ionandi
nter
vent
ionar
ea:

(
a)Sy
stemsf
orheal
thmanagementst
rat
egi
cInf
ormat
ion

(
b)Sy
stemsf
orheal
thcar
eser
vicedel
i
ver
y

(
c)Sy
stem f
orr
esear
chsuppor
t
(
d)Sy
stemsf
orhumanr
esour
cedev
elopmentandHSDPI
Vident
if
iedf
ivedomai
nar
eas
ofpr
ior
it
ies: 1)HI
S–e-
HMI
S,e-
PHEM,
EHR,
IPFSMI
St,
IFMI
S,HRI
S,LI
S;

2)Tel
emedi
cine-pat
ientcent
ri
cser
vices,
ref
err
alsy
stem,
remot
eandr
ural
set
ti
ng;

3)MHeal
th–/
HEP/andMDGandHSDPt
arget
s;

4)E-
lear
ning–heal
thwor
kfor
cet
rai
ningandCME;

5)Communi
tyi
nfor
mat
ion(
CHMI
S,CBHI
S)

Gov
ernance:
Thest
rat
egywi
l
lbei
mpl
ement
edbyFMOHandst
akehol
der
swor
king
gr
oupf
ormedbyamul
ti
disci
pli
nar
yteam or
gani
zedi
npr
ogr
am l
i
neandf
unct
ional
domai
nsub-commi
tt
ees.ThePHI
Ddi
rect
orat
e,HI
TCTwi
l
lber
esponsi
blef
ort
he
oper
ati
onoft
heeHeal
th.Thecommi
tt
eewi
l
lbegui
dedbyal
readyexi
sti
ngFMOH
gov
ernance.TheFMOHgov
ernancewi
l
lsuppor
teHeal
thdev
elopment
,annual
oper
ati
onal
plansf
orst
rat
egyi
mpl
ement
ati
on,
ident
if
yoppor
tuni
ti
eswi
thkeypar
tner
s,
appr
ovecr
it
eri
afori
dent
if
icat
ionandsel
ect
ionofsi
tesandar
eaofi
nter
vent
ionf
or
eHeal
th.Ther
ewi
l
lbesubcommi
tt
eest
opr
ovi
desuppor
ttoeHeal
thi
nit
iat
ivesandt
o
t
estt
hecompl
i
ancewhosef
unct
ionswi
l
lbet
oimpl
ementsel
ect
edar
easofi
nter
vent
ion.

Moni
tor
ingandEv
aluat
ionFr
amewor
k:Moni
tor
ingandev
aluat
ionar
eimpor
tant
act
ivi
ti
est
oensur
eef
fect
iveandef
fi
cienti
mpl
ement
ati
onoft
hest
rat
egy
.Bot
h
act
ivi
ti
eswi
l
lbepar
ti
cipat
ory
,wher
ebykeyst
akehol
der
sshal
lbei
nvol
ved.The
i
mpl
ement
ersori
nst
it
uti
onswi
l
lbepar
tofr
out
ineM&Epr
ocess.TheeHeal
thM&E
f
ramewor
kwi
l
lbei
n-l
i
newi
tht
heest
abl
i
shedheal
thsect
orM&Ef
ramewor
kand
pr
ocess.I
nor
dert
oest
abl
i
shaneHeal
thM&Ei
ndi
cat
or,
ast
rat
egy&f
ramewor
kshoul
d
est
abl
i
shadef
inedandst
ruct
uredpr
ogr
am t
osuppor
tini
ti
alev
aluat
ionandongoi
ng
moni
tor
ingofeHeal
thi
nter
vent
ions.Suchapr
ogr
am coul
dpr
ovi
dehi
ghqual
i
ty,
rigor
ous,
andcompar
ati
vei
nfor
mat
ionont
hei
mpactofeHeal
thsol
uti
onst
obet
teri
nfor
m
deci
si
onandpol
i
cymaker
sandgui
det
hei
ract
ionsr
egar
dingi
mpl
ement
ati
onor
cont
inuedsuppor
tofeHeal
thi
nit
iat
ives:

1)Dev
elopkeymeasur
abl
eper
for
mancei
ndi
cat
orsofeHeal
thi
n-l
i
newi
tht
heexi
sti
ng
nat
ional
M&Ef
ramewor
k.

2)Setmeasur
abl
etar
get
swi
tht
imef
rame

3)Repor
ton“
impact
”tof
aci
l
itat
edeci
sionmaki
ngandf
inanci
ng.

E-
Heal
thpr
ogr
am i
nEt
hiopi
a

1El
ect
roni
cHeal
thManagementI
nfor
mat
ionSy
stem (
e-HMI
S)

FMoHandUSAI
Dimpl
ement
se-
HMI
Saspar
tofpaperbasedHMI
Sasapi
l
otpr
ojecti
n
Sout
her
nNat
ions,
Nat
ional
i
tiesandPeopl
e‘
sRegi
on(
SNNPR)
.Iti
scomposedofaset
ofi
nter
rel
atedcomponent
sandpr
ocedur
es.I
tdesi
gnedt
oent
er,
stor
e,anal
yze,
aggr
egat
eandev
aluat
eheal
thandheal
thr
elat
eddat
afr
om f
aci
l
ityt
ocent
ral
lev
el.

E-
HMI
Shasf
ourmodul
es:

Heal
thSy
stem Ref
erenceDat
abase(
HSRD)Modul
e:i
tpr
ovi
despopul
ati
on
denomi
nat
orf
orv
ari
ouscat
chmentar
eat
ocal
cul
ateHMI
Sindi
cat
ors.Dat
afort
he
whol
eSNNPRhasbeenent
eredi
ntot
hesy
stem andi
sreadi
l
yav
ail
abl
eforupdat
ingand
use.Onei
mpor
tantut
il
it
yofHSRDi
sthati
tpr
ovi
dest
henecessar
ydat
aonv
ari
ous
denomi
nat
orsf
ort
hecal
cul
ati
onofHMI
Sindi
cat
ors.

Dat
aEnt
ryModul
e:i
tismadeupoft
wosubcomponent
s;t
hemanual
ent
ryand
scanni
ng.Thescanni
ngoff
aci
l
ityr
epor
ti
ngf
ormsi
sespeci
all
ysett
oreducet
het
ime
t
heRHBspendsmanual
l
yent
eri
ngdat
abyasi
gni
fi
cantmar
gin.Thi
ssol
uti
oni
s
expect
edt
oshi
ftt
hiscur
rentcl
eri
cal
taskt
omor
eadv
ancer
olessuchasanal
yzi
ngdat
a
f
ordeci
sionmaki
ngandwor
kingoni
mpr
ovi
ngdat
aqual
i
ty.

Aggr
egat
ionModul
e:i
tisusedt
oaggr
egat
esdat
aent
eredv
iadat
aent
rymodul
ewhi
ch
pr
ovi
deswor
eda,
zonal
andr
egi
onal
aggr
egat
ionf
ort
hemont
h,quar
terandy
ear
.The
aggr
egat
ionsof
twar
eisaddi
ngsi
gni
fi
cantt
imesav
ingsandi
mpr
ovementt
oqual
i
tyby
r
educi
ngt
het
imei
ttakest
oaggr
egat
erepor
tst
oamat
terofsecondsandv
irt
ual
l
y
el
i
minat
ingcal
cul
ati
oner
ror
sthatmi
ghtoccuri
fthet
askwast
obedonemanual
l
y.

Deci
sionSuppor
tSy
stem (
DSS)Modul
e:i
tisanul
ti
mat
eout
putofev
erye-
HMI
Stool
to
pr
ovi
deaccesst
odat
acol
l
ect
edandt
hatcanbeanal
yzedf
ordeci
sion-
maki
ng.The
DSSi
sthedashboar
dthatpr
ovi
desdeci
sionmaker
s‘accesst
odat
acol
l
ect
edt
hatcan
beeasi
l
yanal
yzedf
oref
fect
iveandt
imel
ydeci
sionmaki
ng.TheDSSempl
oyssi
mpl
e
andy
etpower
ful
char
ti
ngt
ool
ssuchasl
i
ne,
barandmapst
ocommuni
cat
einf
ormat
ion
i
nawayt
hatmakest
het
housandsandmi
l
li
onsofr
ecor
dsi
nthedat
abaser
epr
esent
ed
i
nsi
mpl
euser
-f
ri
endl
ychar
ts.I
naddi
ti
ont
othedeskt
opDSSappl
i
cat
ion,
topl
evel
managementcanbenef
ithi
ghl
yfr
om t
heMobi
l
eExecut
iveDeci
sionSuppor
tSy
stem
(
MEDSS)
.TheMEDSSwi
l
lbei
nst
all
edonAndr
oidmobi
l
edev
icessuppor
ti
ngdeci
sion
maki
ngt
othehi
ghestst
andar
ds.

2Smar
tCar
einEt
hiopi
a

TheFMOHofEt
hiopi
aisdev
elopi
ngt
heSmar
tCar
esof
twar
einpar
tner
shi
pwi
thCDC
andTUTAPE(
Tul
aneUni
ver
sit
y‘
sTechni
cal
Assi
stancePr
ogr
am f
orEt
hiopi
a).

Smar
tCar
eisani
nter
nat
ional
l
ydi
str
ibut
edel
ect
roni
cmedi
cal
recor
dst
ool
thatwas
dev
elopedbyt
hegov
ernmentofZambi
a.I
tiscur
rent
lywi
del
yusedi
nZambi
a,Et
hiopi
a
andSout
hAf
ri
ca.Smar
tCar
egai
nedr
ecogni
ti
onast
heEl
ect
roni
cHeal
thSy
stem
Appl
i
cat
ionf
orEt
hiopi
afol
l
owi
ngapr
esent
ati
onandl
i
vedemooft
hecust
omi
zed
Smar
tCar
eEMR.Thepr
esent
ati
onwast
otheFMOHof
fi
cial
sincl
udi
ngMi
nist
ers,
Stat
e
Mi
nist
er,
Depar
tment
/AgencyHeads,
Regi
onal
Heal
thBur
eauHeads,
andot
herr
elev
ant
st
akehol
der
s.

TheConcept
ual
Framewor
kofSmar
tCar
edr
awst
heconnect
ionbet
weent
hecor
rect
i
mpl
ement
ati
onoft
heSmar
tCar
esy
stem andt
hei
mpr
ovedheal
thst
atusofEt
hiopi
ans.
Thi
spor
tabl
eel
ect
roni
cpat
ientheal
thr
ecor
disdesi
gnedt
oal
l
owser
vicepr
ovi
der
sto
accesshi
stor
ical
pat
ientdat
aregar
dlessofheal
thf
aci
l
iti
esusedi
nthepastort
ypesof
ser
vicessought
.Smar
tCar
eimpl
ement
ati
oni
sli
mit
edt
ofewhospi
tal
sar
oundAddi
s
AbabaandDi
reDawaandt
heFMoHi
sfaci
ngnumer
ouschal
l
engest
oscal
eupt
he
sy
stem t
onat
ionwi
de.
Thedepl
oymentofSmar
tCar
eincl
udesbui
l
ding/
str
engt
heni
ngI
CTi
nfr
ast
ruct
ure
(
Har
dwar
e,Sof
twar
e,&Net
wor
kingcomponent
s)andt
heI
nst
all
ati
onandTr
aini
ngof
Smar
tCar
esof
twar
eappl
i
cat
ionatt
heHeal
thFaci
l
iti
es.

I
nor
dert
omakedat
aav
ail
abl
eatr
eal
-t
imet
oal
lpoi
ntsofser
vicewi
thi
ntheHeal
th
Faci
l
ity
,Smar
tCar
eisi
nst
all
edi
nacent
ral
i
zedmode(
cli
ent
/ser
ver
).Thi
smodeoper
ates
onanonl
i
necommuni
cat
ioni
nfr
ast
ruct
urewi
thi
ntheHeal
thFaci
l
ity
.TheWi
rel
essLocal
Ar
eaNet
wor
k(WLAN)demonst
rat
edast
heappr
opr
iat
etechnol
ogyf
orbui
l
dingt
he
onl
i
necommuni
cat
ionsi
nfr
ast
ruct
ure.Themaj
oradv
ant
ageofWLANi
ncl
udeseasy
,
f
ast
,andaf
for
dabl
enet
wor
kingsol
uti
onf
orHeal
thFaci
l
iti
es.

Smar
tCar
eisi
nst
all
edandi
ntr
oducedi
nphases.Thei
nit
ial
inst
all
ati
on/
int
roduct
ion
phasest
art
satt
hehospi
tal
lev
eli
nthemedi
cal
recor
dRoom andt
het
ri
ager
oom wher
e
t
hebul
kofdat
aencodi
ngt
akespl
acef
oll
owedbyot
hercl
i
nicsi
ncl
udi
ngout
pat
ient
,
i
npat
ient
,MNCH,
labor
ator
y,phar
macy
,ART,
VCTandTB

3M-
Heal
thPr
oject

TheFMoHandi
tspar
tner
shav
edev
elopedm-
Heal
thpr
ojectt
osuppor
tMat
ernal
,
Neonat
alandChi
l
dHeal
thcar
e(MNCH)
.FMoHi
dent
if
iedm-
Heal
thasakeyenabl
ert
o
i
mpr
ovet
heMNCHser
vicesandt
oreducechi
l
dandmat
ernal
mor
tal
i
tyr
ate(
MDG4and
5)
.

Them-
Heal
thpr
ojectf
ocusedonHeal
thExt
ensi
onWor
ker
s(HEWs)andMDG4and5.I
t
i
simpl
ement
edaspi
l
otpr
ojecti
n5heal
thpost
sinSNNPR.Them-
Heal
thf
aci
l
itat
es
ef
fect
ivecommuni
cat
ionbet
weenHEWsandpr
egnantmot
her
sandbet
weenHEWsand
Heal
thpost
s.

Thev
ital
wav
econsul
ti
ng2011r
epor
tonm-
heal
thi
nEt
hiopi
aident
if
iedf
ivei
nfor
mat
ion
andcommuni
cat
ionneedofHEWst
hatcoul
dbeaddr
essedbymobi
l
etechnol
ogi
es:
r
efer
ral
,dat
aexchange,
suppl
ychai
nmanagement
,tr
aini
ngandeducat
ionsand
consul
ti
ng.

Ot
hert
hanm-
Heal
thpr
ojectwhi
chi
simpl
ement
edbyFMoHandi
tspar
tner
,ther
ear
e
al
som-Heal
thpr
oject
swhi
char
edev
elopedbyNGOsl
i
keWHOandCl
i
ntonFoundat
ion.
Thesepr
oject
sal
sodev
elopedt
osuppor
ttheMNCHser
vicesf
ocusi
ngonHEWsand
MDG4and5.M-Heal
thi
nEt
hiopi
aisnowf
acet
womaj
orchal
l
enges:
fragment
ati
on
anddupl
i
cat
ionofpr
oject
s.

4Tel
emedi
cinepr
oject
s:

ThePan-
Afr
icanTel
emedi
cinei
spar
tofPan-Af
ri
cane-
Net
wor
k.I
tconsi
stsoft
wo
pr
oject
s:Tel
e-medi
ci
necent
er(
equi
ppedwi
thser
ver
s,PCs,
UPS,
medi
cal
equi
pment
)in
Bl
ackLi
onHospi
tal
,andNekemt
eHospi
tal
Tel
e-medi
cinecent
eri
n,Nekemt
etown.

TheTel
e-Medi
ci
nenet
wor
kpr
ovi
desconnect
ivi
tyofTel
emedi
cineset
-upofCARE
Hospi
tal
,Hy
der
abadwi
tht
woTel
e-medi
cinecent
ersi
nEt
hiopi
a,whi
chenabl
est
he
I
ndi
anmedi
cal
speci
ali
stst
opr
ovi
deon-
li
nemedi
cal
consul
tat
iont
othedoct
orsi
nthe
t
elemedi
cinecent
ersi
nEt
hiopi
a.

Tel
emedi
cinesy
stem consi
stsofcust
omi
zedmedi
cal
sof
twar
eforpat
ient
demogr
aphi
csandwor
kfl
owf
orTel
e-adv
icewi
thPACSser
verandDI
COM Ser
verwi
th
comput
erhar
dwar
e,medi
cal
diagnost
ici
nst
rument
swhi
char
eDI
COM compat
ibl
eand
connect
edt
othenet
wor
k.

Themedi
cal
recor
d/hi
stor
yoft
hepat
ient
scanbecapt
uredandst
oredi
ntheDI
COM
f
ormati
ntheser
verandsentt
othespeci
ali
stdoct
orsi
nIndi
a,whoi
ntur
nst
udyand
pr
ovi
dedi
agnosi
sandt
reat
mentdur
ingl
i
veTel
e-i
nter
act
ionswi
tht
hedoct
oratt
he
pat
ient
-endsi
nEt
hiopi
a.Thef
aci
l
itycat
ersnor
mal
l
yfort
ransmi
ssi
onofpat
ient‘
s
medi
cal
images,
recor
ds,
out
putf
rom medi
cal
dev
ices,
andsoundf
il
es,
besi
desl
i
vet
wo
-
wayaudi
oandv
ideo.Wi
tht
hehel
poft
heseEMR,
aspeci
ali
stdoct
orwoul
dadv
isea
doct
ororapar
amedi
catt
hepat
ient‘
sendon-
li
ne,
sav
ingcr
it
ical
timeandr
esour
ces.
I
nit
ial
l
ythet
elemedi
ci
nei
spl
annedt
opr
ovi
deser
vicesofmedi
cal
consul
tat
ionand
t
reat
menti
nthear
easl
i
kecar
diol
ogy
,radi
ology
,neur
ology
,pat
hol
ogy
,andgy
necol
ogy
.
Tel
e-Medi
cinef
aci
l
ityatCAREhospi
tal
Hyder
abadenabl
esDoct
ort
opat
ientandDoct
or
t
oDoct
ori
nter
act
ionf
orv
ari
oust
reat
ment
sbyt
ransmi
tt
ingdi
git
izedf
orm ofX-
Ray
s,
ECG,
Ult
rasoundandot
hert
estr
epor
tsf
rom Hospi
tal
sinEt
hiopi
a.Thi
sfaci
l
ityenabl
es
pat
ientt
oconsul
twi
thdoct
orev
enf
rom r
emot
ear
easi
nAf
ri
ca.

Gl
obal
E-heal
thexper
ience

TomakeGl
obal
E-heal
thef
fect
ive,
E-heal
thmustbecomef
ull
yint
egr
atedi
ntot
he
exi
sti
ngnat
ional
,i
nter
nat
ional
andgl
obal
heal
thr
elat
edst
ruct
ures,
inbot
hpr
ocessand
pol
i
cysense.E-
heal
thsol
uti
onshav
ebecomemor
enat
ional
andev
engl
obal
-ref
err
ed
t
oasi
nter
-j
uri
sdi
cti
onal
E-heal
thact
ivi
ty.Howev
er,
theneedf
orbr
oadpol
i
cyt
ofaci
l
itat
e
unf
ett
eredi
nter
-j
uri
sdi
cti
onact
ivi
tyhasnotgotmuchat
tent
ion.

Ther
ear
esev
eral
commonl
yident
if
iedpol
i
cypr
obl
emsf
orE-
heal
tht
heyar
epr
ivacy
,
conf
ident
ial
i
ty,
secur
it
y,l
i
censur
e,l
i
abi
l
ityandr
e-i
mbur
sement
.Ther
eisE-
heal
thpol
i
cy
documenti
nmanycount
ri
es,
buti
tisof
tenmor
erel
atedorf
ocusedonI
CTr
athert
han
speci
fi
cal
l
ye-
Heal
th.Forexampl
e,al
mostal
lofAf
ri
canspol
i
cydocumentr
efer
stoI
CT
pol
i
cyandnotspeci
fi
cal
l
ytoe-
heal
th.So,
tof
ost
ert
hedev
elopmentofe-
heal
th,
count
ri
esshoul
ddev
elopacl
earsuppor
ti
veE-
heal
thspeci
fi
cpol
i
cy.

Accor
dingt
oScot
t,t
her
ear
etwobasi
cpol
i
cyopt
ionsf
orgl
obal
e-Heal
th:

 Cont
inuedadhocdev
elopmentf
oll
owedbypol
i
cyr
eal
i
gnment
:Thi
sist
hest
atus
quo.I
tmai
ntai
nst
heconf
usi
onandpr
event
sst
reaml
i
nedgl
obal
E-heal
thandwi
l
l
r
equi
rey
earofr
etr
ospect
ivepol
i
cyr
e-al
i
gnmentt
obr
ingmanydi
spar
ate
appr
oachest
oget
her
.

 Pr
ogr
essi
veandcol
l
abor
ati
vecompl
i
ment
arydev
elopment
:Abet
terappr
oachi
s
t
oper
mitt
hebenef
it
sofgl
obal
e-heal
th,
E-heal
tht
ober
eal
i
zedsooner
,woul
ddo
i
nit
iat
eapr
ocesst
ogui
degl
obal
E-heal
thpol
i
cydev
elopment
.Thegoal
woul
dbe
t
oident
if
ycommonpr
inci
plest
hatcanbeagr
eedwi
thr
elat
iveease,
andt
hent
o
uset
heset
oencour
agedev
elopmentofdomest
icpol
i
cyt
hati
sinl
i
newi
thgl
obal
E-
heal
thpr
inci
ples.

Thepot
ent
ial
impactofgl
obal
E-heal
thi
sundeni
abl
e.Ther
efor
e,t
her
eisaneedf
or
concer
teddev
elopmentofG-
local
‖E-
heal
thpr
inci
plesandcompl
ement
arydomest
ic
pol
i
cy.Gi
vent
hei
nher
ent
lyi
nter
-j
uri
sdi
cti
onal
nat
ureofe-
heal
th,
commonsol
uti
onst
o
E-
heal
thpol
i
cyi
ssuesmustbesoughtacr
ossj
uri
sdi
cti
ons,
rat
hert
haneachj
uri
sdi
cti
on
consi
der
ingandr
espondi
ngt
oissuesi
ndependent
ly.

Concl
usi
on:TheEt
hiopi
anHeal
thcar
est
rat
egygener
all
yfol
l
owedt
hei
ntegr
ati
on
“
inf
ormat
ion”
,“f
inanci
ng”and“
leader
shi
pandgov
ernance”component
soft
heheal
th
sy
stem wi
tht
hepr
inci
pleofhar
moni
zat
ion“
one-
plan,
one-
budgetandone-
repor
t”.
Moni
tor
ingt
heper
for
manceoft
heheal
thsect
ori
sbasedonacor
esetofsect
or-
wide
i
ndi
cat
orst
opr
ovi
deacompr
ehensi
vepi
ctur
eont
heper
for
manceofEt
hiopi
anheal
th
sect
or.Thest
rat
egydev
elopmenthasbasedongl
obal
l
yaccept
abl
epr
inci
ples
(
WHO/
ITUt
ool
ki
tandWHOandAUr
esol
uti
ons)
.