Fuzzy

Reasoning

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 Definition

– Known also as
approximate reasoning

– It is an inference
Fuzzy
procedure that derives
Reasoning conclusions from a set of
fuzzy if-then-rules &
known facts

Dr. Djamel Bouchaffra

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 Fuzzy Reasoning
Compositional rule of inference

– Idea of composition (cylindrical

extension & projection)

• Computation of b given a & f is

the goal of the composition

– Image of a point is a point

– Image of an interval is an
interval

Dr. Djamel Bouchaffra 3

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Fuzzy Reasoning (3.4) (cont.)

Derivation of y = b from x = a and y = f(x):

y y

b b

y = f(x) y = f(x)

a x x
a
a and b: points
a and b: intervals
y = f(x) : a curve
y = f(x) : an interval-valued
function
 • The extension principle is a special case of
the compositional rule of inference

• F is a fuzzy relation on X*Y, A is a fuzzy

set of X & the goal is to determine the
resulting fuzzy set B

• Construct a cylindrical extension

c(A) with base A
Fuzzy
• Determine c(A)  F (using minimum
Reasoning operator)

• Project c(A)  F onto the y-axis

which provides B

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Fuzzy Reasoning (3.4) (cont.)

a is a fuzzy set and y = f(x) is a fuzzy relation:

cri.m
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Fuzzy Reasoning (3.4) (cont.)

Given A, A  B, infer B

A = “today is sunny”
A  B: day = sunny then sky = blue
infer: “sky is blue”

• illustration

Premise 1 (fact): x is A
Premise 2 (rule): if x is A then y is B

Consequence: y is B
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Fuzzy Reasoning (3.4) (cont.)

Approximation

A’ = “ today is more or less sunny”

B’ = “ sky is more or less blue”

• iIlustration

Premise 1 (fact): x is A’
Premise 2 (rule): if x is A then y is B

Consequence: y is B’

(approximate reasoning or fuzzy reasoning!)

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Fuzzy Reasoning (3.4) (cont.)

Definition of fuzzy reasoning

Let A, A’ and B be fuzzy sets of X, X, and Y, respectively. Assume

that the fuzzy implication
A  B is expressed as a fuzzy relation R on X*Y. Then the fuzzy
set B induced by “x is A’ ” and the fuzzy rule “if x is A then y is B’
is defined by:

 B' ( y ) = max min A' ( x),  R ( x, y )

x
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Single rule with single antecedent

 B' ( y ) = max min A' ( x),  R ( x, y )

x
Rule : if x is A then y is B
Fact: x is A’
Conclusion: y is B’ (B’(y) = [x (A’(x)  A(x)]  B(y))

Dr. Djamel Bouchaffra CSE 513 Soft Computing, Ch. 3: Fuzzy rules & fuzzy reasoning
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Fuzzy Reasoning (3.4) (cont.)

A’ A B

X Y

A’
B’

X Y
x is A’ y is B’
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– Single rule with multiple antecedents

Premise 1 (fact): x is A’ and y is B’

Premise 2 (rule): if x is A and y is B then z is C

Conclusion: z is C’

Premise 2: A*B → C
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Single rule with multiple antecedents

R mamdani ( A, B, C) = ( A * B ) * C =   A (x)  B (y )   C (z ) /( x, y , z )
X*Y*Z
C' = ( A'*B' )  ( A * B → C)
     
premise 1 premise 2

 C' ( z ) =   A' ( x)   B' ( y )   A ( x)   B ( y )   C ( z )

x,y

=   A' ( x)   B' ( y )   A ( x)   B ( y )   C ( z )

x,y



x  

=  A' ( x)   A ( x)   B' ( y )   B ( y )   C ( z )
 y
w1 w2
= (w 1  w 2 )   C ( z )
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T-norm
A’ A B’ B w1
C2

w
w2
Z
X Y

A’ B’
C’

Z
x is A’ X y is B’ Y z is C’
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Multiple rules with multiple antecedents

Premise 1 (fact): x is A’ and y is B’
Premise 2 (rule 1): if x is A1 and y is B1 then z is C1
Premise 3 (rule 2): If x is A2 and y is B2 then z is C2

Consequence (conclusion): z is C’

R1 = A1 * B1 → C1
R2 = A2 * B2 → C2
Since the max-min composition operator o is distributive over the union
operator, it follows:
C’ = (A’ * B’) o (R1  R2) = [(A’ * B’) o R1]  [(A’ * B’) o R2] = C’1  C’2
Where C’1 & C’2 are the inferred fuzzy set for rules 1 & 2 respectively
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A’ A1 B’ B1 C1

w1
Z
X Y
A’ A2 B’ B2 C2
w2

Z
X Y
T-norm
A’ B’
C’
Z
x is A’ X y is B’ Y z is C’
Thank You

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