NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY (NUTECH)

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

EE-2206 Electrical Network Analysis Lab

Batch: 2021-2025 Semester: III
Session: Fall-2022
EXPERIMENT NO-14:
Measurement and Analysis of Power Factor Effects
on Power System and Power Factor Improvement

Student Name: ______________________

Registration No: _______________________

Date of Experiment: ___________________

Psychomotor Domain Rubric Based Assessment

Levels of Achievement
Unacceptable Just acceptable Basic Good Excellent Marks
(0-1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
1. Ability to conduct an experiment
II. Implementation and Results

Affective Domain Rubric Based Assessment

Levels of Achievement
Unacceptable Just acceptable Basic Good Excellent Marks
(0-1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
1. Individual and Group
Engagement

Lab Report Rubric Based Assessment in Affective Domain

Levels of Achievement
Unacceptable Just acceptable Basic Good Excellent Marks
(0-1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
I. Data Analysis and Presentation
II. Results and Conclusion

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 NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY (NUTECH)
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

Experiment No: 14
Title: Measurement and Analysis of Power Factor Effects on Power System
and Power Factor Improvement

OBJECTIVES
Measurement and improvement of power factor of three phase power system.
Calculate the value of capacitor bank for improvement of power factor to unity with respect to
reactive load.

COMPONENTS
Three Phase Power Supply Model A0245
Cables Model A4890
Cables Support Model A4891
Resistive Load (R1) Model A4510
Capacitive Load (C1) Model A4520
Inductive Load (L1) Model A4530
With adequate range/precision for
Ammeters (A1, A2) this test
With adequate range/precision for
Voltmeter this test
Frequency meter (F)

CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS

Theoretical Diagram

EXECUTION

The components must be connected as shown in the circuit diagrams and must
be grounded.

MANUAL DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS

- Reset the three loads and power supply to the 0 position

- Switch on the power supply.

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 NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY (NUTECH)
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

- Make the wiring as per circuit diagram

- Connect the three phase R, L, and C load in balanced condition and fill the
data in the worksheets given below.
- Analyze the result at balanced three phase loads.

WORKSHEETS

1- RL-Load

Sr.No Load Ia Ib Ic Va Vb Vc Active Reactive Apparent Power

% Power Power Power Factor
1 25
2 50
3 75
4 100

2- RLC-Load
Sr.No Load Ia Ib Ic Va Vb Vc Active Reactive Apparent Power
% Power Power Power Factor
1 25
2 50
3 75
4 100
THEORETICAL REVIEW
The cosine of angle between voltage and current in an AC circuit is known as power factor. In an a.c. circuit,
there is generally a phase difference φ between voltage and current. The term cos φ is called the power factor
of the circuit.
If the circuit is inductive, the current lags the voltage and the power factor is referred to as lagging. However,
in a capacitive circuit, current leads the voltage and power factor is said to be leading. Consider an inductive
circuit taking a lagging current I from supply voltage V; the angle of lag being φ. The phasor diagram of the
circuit is shown in Fig.

The circuit current I can be resolved into two perpendicular components, namely;
(a) I cos φ in phase with V
(b) I sin φ 90o out of phase with V
The component I cos  is known as active or watt full component, whereas component I sin  is called the
reactive or wattless component. The reactive component is a measure of the power factor. If the reactive
component is small, the phase angle  is small and hence power factor cos  will be high. Therefore, a circuit
having small reactive current (i.e., I sin ) will have high power factor and vice-versa. It may be noted that
value of power factor can never be more than unity.

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 NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY (NUTECH)
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

(i) It is a usual practice to attach the word ‘lagging’ or ‘leading’ with the numerical value of power factor to
signify whether the current lags or leads the voltage. Thus, if the circuit has a p.f. of 0·5 and the current lags
the voltage, we generally write p.f. as 0·5 lagging.
(ii) Sometimes power factor is expressed as a percentage. Thus 0·8 lagging power factor may be expressed as
80% lagging.
Power Triangle

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 NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY (NUTECH)
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

Disadvantages of Low Power Factor

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 NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY (NUTECH)
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

Causes of Low Power Factor

Power Factor Improvement

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 NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY (NUTECH)
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

Power Factor Improvement Equipment

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NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY (NUTECH)
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

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NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY (NUTECH)
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

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 NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY (NUTECH)
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

• Result Analysis:

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