INFORMATION COMMUNICATION Sauirabh Gupta 00 Evaluators _ VGelan Tulu ) Genene Tadesse Zekarias Kebede Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Laxmi Publications Ministry of EducationAcknowledgements ‘The development, printing and distribution of this student textbook has been funded through the General Education Quality Improvement Project (GEQIP), which aims to improve the quality of education for Grades 1-12 students in government schools throughout Ethiopia. The Federal Democratic Republic of Fthiopia received funding for GEQIP jhrougtt’ credititanicing from the Intemational Development Associations (IDA), the Fast Track Initiative Catalytic Fund (PTICF) and other development partners—Finland, Italian Development Cooperation, the Netherlands and UKVaid from the Départment for Intemational Development (DFID). The Ministry of Education wishes to thank the many individuals, groups aiid other bodies involved —directiy and indirectly—in publishing the textbook and accompanying teacher guitle © Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, Ministry of Education, First edition, 2002 (E.C.) ISBN; 978-99944-2-247-0 Developed, printed and distributed for the Federal Demderatio Republic oh Ethiopia, Ministry of Education by Laxmi Publications Pvt. Ltd., India under GEQIP Contract No. ET/-MoE/GEQIP IDA/ICB/G-02/09-D All rights reserved; no part of this publication ntay be’ reproduced; Stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, fecording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the copyzight owner or a liveniee permitting restricted copying in Ethiopia by the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, Federal Negarit Guzeha, Proglamation Né.(B/)@/ Copyright and Neighboring Rights Protection Proclamation, © it year, No. 5 Autdis Abd % fly @ Disclaimer Every effort has been made to trace the copyright owners of material used in this document. We apologise in advance for any unintentional omissions) We would be pleased to insert the appropriate acknowledgement in any future edition. Printed in India.Uniti Unit 3: Unit 4: Unit 5: Unit 6: CONTENTS Introduction to ICT _ 1 11 Basics of ICT... oe on nel oe 1 12 Computer System... Review Questions.. Application Software_ lop 4 21 Key Features of Word Processing, es 18 22 Key Features of Presentation Software and Techfiques! 36 23. Desktop Publishing ALY few “4 Review Questions... Information and Computer Security _ v 5 3.1 Information and Computer Security.“ Review Questions.. Application Software_ Q! is 5 4.1 Key Features of Spreadsheets de mB 42 Database Application. LS 89 Review Questions : ak us Using Internet _ ‘ ‘ 5.1 Overview of the Intemet. 52. Definition of WWW. 53. Planning and Developing Web Pages... on sense 127 Review Question: Control and Learning with LOGO _ _ ' 6.1 /Contiol and Learning with LOGO 136 Revilew Questions: 13 Glossary _ .PREFACE Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is so important in the world today that it makes it imperative for every person to be competent in the use of ICT for the many tasks that one will have to accomplish. This book is written to provide the basic skills in ICT for Grade 10 students of Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia. It is expected that the knowledge and skillé)gained though this book will help the students to use ICT in almost all their courses at school.The book covers selected basic topics in ICT which offer hands-on activities to help students in acquiring, the required ICT.skills The key features of this book will help the students to: © develop the basic ICT skills © understand the components of ICT and computer system. © understand the application of word processing, presentation software and desktop publishing. © understand the application of ICT & its elements for different purposes, © understand information and computer security“and be award with the copyright issues. © understand the use of spreadsheet in creating chaits, graphs and for different applications. © learn database and use of Query, Form ahd'Report in it . © learn the uses of internet, download, upload files using’the Internet and list some uses of the www. @ plan and develop a simple webpage © use variables in writing procedufés andl create a recursive procedure using LOGO language. © follow basic ethics in the use of ICT, © have excellent ICT skills which will serve them Well in their future studies, The text has been designed in'a simple and user friendly way. This text focuses on the fundamentals of ICT, which change slowly. This not only makes the information remain useful to a student when one graduates, but also makes the student focus on the foundation concepts of ICT. This book also illustrates the latest developmefits in the rapidly changing world of ICT. Review questions have also been given at the end of each ‘unit. Suggestions for the intiprovement of this book will be gratefully acknowledged. Authorsrae INTRODUCTION TO ICT EEE sasics oF ict Let us revise some basic concepts of ICT that ive Rave learned in the earlier grade. © Revision When computer and communications \technologies/ are) combined, the result is Information and Communications Technology. * \ Fig. 1-1; Communications Technology—An important part of ICT. Information aid Communications Technology (ICT) refers to the concept of using technology to get information, ICT involves the,use of computers and other electronic devices to access information easily and quickly, Almost all the countries of the world, including Ethiopia, have recognized ICT as an important source to: promote computer literacy and enhance the overall knowledge level of students. As evident from the above définition of ICT, this concept merges computing with high-speed communication links carrying data, sound and video, Examples of Information and Communications Technology include not only personal computers but also new forms of telephones, televisions, appliances, and various hand held devices. Information Communicaon Technology ~ Grade 10 Student Texbook gi 1Unit 1 Introduction to ICT © Components of ICT ICT refers to technologies that provide access to information through telecommunications. It is similar to Information Technology (IT), but focuses primarily on communication technologies. This includes the Internet, wireless networks, cell phones, and other communication media. Modern Information and Communication Technologies have created a “global village”, in which people can communicate with others across the world, as if they were living néxt door. For this teason, ICT is often studied in the context of how modern communication technologies affect society. / What is an ICT System? ¢ io An ICT system is a set-up consisting of hardware, software, data and the people who ustthem. It commonly includes communications technology, such as the Internet. VA ICT and computers are not the same thing, Computers até the Hardware thar Bften part of an ICT system. Input, Output and System Diagrams ar ¢ What comes out of an ICT system is largely dependenton what you put ‘into the system to begin with ICT systems work by taking inputs (iitstructions anid vita), processing them and producing outputs that are stored or communicated in some way. The better thé quality of inputs, the more useful the outputs. Garbage In, Garbage Out (GIGO) , (VY ICT systems cannot function properly if the inputs are inaccurate dr faulty; they will either not be able to process the data at all, or will output data which is erroneoys oF useless CIGO is a useful term to remember in, the examination—it can help explain many issues such as why validation is needed and why accurate data is valable) =| GIGO stands for Garbage hy, Ggtbage Out. A/ An ICT System Diagram A system is an assembly of parts that togethér make a whole. ICT systems are made-up of some or all of the parts shown in Fig. 1.2 Vatious deyicps ate used for input, processing, output, and communication 3: ICT eyetom diagram 2 Be trormason Communion Tecnsegy ~ Grade 1 student TntbookUnie 1 Introduction to ICT. Feedback It is sometimes good to have feedback in an ICT system. This is when the output from a system feeds back to influence the input and the process repeats itself Media Integration Methods used for input to and output from ICT systems vary a lot. So, you should be familiaf with examples of input and output formats. Input and output formats are the different kinds of media that are used {0 either gather and collect data and instructions or to display, present or issue the outputs of processing. Up until recently, most media formats required dedicated devices—for example, digital cameras to take digital photographs, scanners to digitise images for use 9n/a computer, oy DVD players for video playback—so the correct devices are needed in order to work with each media format. There is now a growing tendency for multi-purpose ICT devices of convergence. The driving force is the communication power\of the Intemnet, and the increasing availability of small high-powered electronic techriology. This means that you can now get an all-in-one box that can‘do the same thing as several different ones did before it. Some examples are: () Combined printers, scanners and photocopiers (ii) Televisions with built-in Internet connections and web browser’ (iif) Mobile phones (see Fig, 1.3) that can’ take photos, record video, access the Internet and playback music, Fig. 1.3: Mobile phones— Multipurpose ICT devices The Internet ‘The Internet is a worldwide system of jritetcohnected cofipuifer networks. When you connect your computer to the Internet via your Internet Sefvice Provider (ISP), you become part of the ISPs network, which is connected to other networks that make up the Internet Fig. 1.4: Working of Internet Connecting to the Intémnét To connect to the Internet, the following are needed: () a computer (i) telephon’ line (Cable being the exception) (ii) modem and/or router Information Communication Technology — Grade 10 Seudent Textbook 4/8 3Unit 1 Introduction to ICT (io) an ISP (Internet Service Provider) (0) Web browser, ¢g., ternet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox, Google Chrome, Safari, Opera, etc. Intranet ‘An intranet is a network that works like the Intemet but is only available withina particular organization, not to the public. An intranet may have web pages used to share company specifi data within that company, such as internal telephone numbers or details of employee benefits. Network A computer network (see Fig. 1.5) consists of a number of computers linked together t6,allow them to share resources. Networked computers can share hardware, softzare and data Computer Computer Fig, 1.5: computer network Most computer networks have at [éashone’Server. A sefver is a powerful computer that provides one or more services to a network and its users, for example/filr storage and e-mail ‘Types of Networks The two main types of network ara Lycal Area Nettwobk (LAN) and Wicle Area Network (WAN). Local Area Network (LAN), ‘A LAN (see Fig. 1.6) covets)a(snall area such/as one site or building, eg.. a school or a university oils ¢ ak a Panter Hub 2 Modem Fig. 1.6: LAN-Local Area Network A school network is usually a LAN. 4 Wh formation Communication Technology ~ Grade 10 Studene TextbookUnie 1 Introduction to ICT. Wide Area Network (WAN) A WAN (see Fig. 1.7) covers a large geographical area. Most WANs are made from several LANs connected together. Patton ff - = Workstation Fig. 1.7: WAN—Wide Area Network Some important points about WANS are: () The Internet is a WAN. (i) A network of bank éash dispensers is.a WAN. (iii) LANs are often connected to WANS, for example, a school or college network could be connected to the Internet (i>) WANs can he'contiected together using the Intemet, leased lines or satellite links. The min torponents OFfYinkdemation and Communication Technology (ICT) are computer and commuitichtion networks, © Characteristics of Valuable Information All the information is not helpful to a business or an organization. It might be detailed, but has been obtained for too méich cost. What are the main features of a good quality information in a business or an organization? Table 1.1 summiatizes the key characteristics of good quality information, and suggests ways in which information can be improved if it is not quite up to the standard. Information Communication Technology — Grade 10 Seudent Textbook 4/8 5sUnit 1 Introduction to ICT Table 1.1: Characteristics of Valuable Information ‘ Relevant Up-to-date Accurate ‘Meet the needs of the user Easy to use and understand Worth the cost Reliable ‘The information obtained and used should be needed for decision-making. It does not matter how interesting it is. Businesses or organizations are often criticized for producing too much information simply because their information systems can. “do it”. A good way of ensuring relevance is to closely define the objectives of the information reports. Another way to improve relevance is to produce information that focuses on “exceptions,” eg... problems, high or low values, where limits have been exceeded. Information needs to be timely ifit is to be used. For example, the manager of a large retail business needs daily information on how stores are performing, which products: are selling well (or not) so that immediate action can be taken to improve business. To improve the speed with which information is produced, businesses or organizations ‘usually need to look at upgrading or replacing their information systems. As far as possible, information should be free from errors (eg., the figures add up; data is allocated to the correct categories). The users of information should be informed whenever assumptions or estimates have been used. Accurate information is usually a function of accurate data collection. If information needs to be extremely accurate, then more time needs to be allocated for it to be checked. However, businesses or organizations need to guard against trying to produce “perfect” information—itis often more important for the information to be up-to-date than perfect ‘Users of information have different needs, The managing director does not have time to trawl through thick printouts of each week’s production or sales listings—he or she ‘wants a summary of the key facts. The quality control supervisor will want detailed. information about quality testing results rather than a brief one-line summary of how things are going. It is a good idea to encourage users to help develop the style and format of information reporting that they require. Information should be clearly presented (e.g., use summaries, charts) and not too long, It also needs to be communicated using an appropriate medium (eg, e-mail, printed report, presentation). Businesses should also consider developing “templates” which are used consistently throughout the organization—so that users get used to seeing information in a similar style (Often forgotten. Information costs money. Data is costly to collect, analyze and report. Information takes time to read and assimilate. All users should question whether the information they receive/have requested is worthwhile, Information should come from authoritative sources. It is a good practice to quote the source used—whether it be internal or external source. If estimates or assumptions have been applied, these should be clearly stated and explained. Bhs rermaion Communication Technology Grade 10 Studen TentbookUnie 1 Introduction to ICT. Integration of Information Services Alongside the joining together of technologies, there is also a tendency toward the integration of common. public information services Digital television by satellite, cable or terrestrial aerial now gives access to many channels that have interactive content, which can be used in a way similar to the web. The digital radio provides large amounts of text data to be transmitted along with the signal, The Internet now enables broadcasts from radio and TV stations to be ‘time-shifted’ by the user, who ‘watches or listens to the programme whenever required. News services and the mass media such as newspapers, radio, and television are making themselves available so that people can access them when they want and wherever they are. Two of the key reasons for this are 1. The growth of broadband Internet access that allows lots of information to be viewed quickly and effectively. 2, The success of digital broadcasting, the signals of which can carry very much more content than old style analog TV and radio. ol THE CHARACTERISTICS OF VALUABLE INFORMATION ‘Students will discuss in small groups the characteristics of valuable information. Fig. 1.8: Students discussing the characteristics of valuable information In order for information to be valuable, it must have the following characteristics Accurate. Accurate information is free from error. ‘Complete. Complete information contains all of the important facts. Economical. Information should be relatively inexpensive to produce Flexible. Flexible information can be used for a variety of purposes, not just one. . Reliable. Reliable information is dependable information. Relevant. Relevant information is important to the decision-maker. . Simple. Information should be simple to find and understand. . Timely. Timely information is readily available when needed. Verifiable. Verifiable information can be checked to make sure it is accurate. Information Communication Technology ~ Grade 10 Student Textbook gf 7Unit 1 Introduction to ICT » [SRO a ES > ICT refers to technologies that provide access to information through telecommunications. It focuses primatily on communication technologies. This includes the Incernet, wireless networks, cell phones, and other communication media > An ICT system is a set-up consisting of hardware, software, data and the people who use them. It commonly includes communications technology, such as the Internet. 1 The Internet is a worldwide system of interconnected computer networks > Acomputer network is a number of computers linked together to allow them to share resources. The two main types of network are Local Area Network (LAN) and Wide Area Network (WAN). > The main components of ICT are computer and communication networks > The characteristics of valuable information are: relevant, up-to-date, accurate, meet the needs of the user, easy to use and understand, worth the cost, reliable. © EE a in the Blanks 1. When computer and communications téchadlogies are combinéd, the result is 2. ICT refers to technologies that pravide access to information throu 3. An ICT system is a set-up consisting of . . and people who use them, 4 is a worldwide sjstert of intercbinectéd computer networks. State Whether True or False ‘There are two important compénents of ICT—computers and communications, Communications tecknology is not called éelécommunications technology. |. ICT and computers ate thie same thing. GIGO stands for Go\In, Go Out All the information is helpful to a biisihess or an organization, Answer the Following: 1. Identify and explain the Cdinponents of ICT. 2. List the characteristics of waltiable information. Suggested, Activity Tdentify the components‘bf fiformation and Communications Technology such as computer, communication notworks, et Field Trip Organize a field trip to various places like Cyber Cafe's, Universities, Private Colleges, or Ethiopian ‘Telecommunication Corporation (ETC) stations to find out and report on: Components of ICT. 8 Br information Communiaton Technology ~ Grade 10 Student TextbookUnie 1 Introduction to ICT. EEE computer system ‘Computer is perhaps the most powerful and versatile tool ever created by human being. In today’s world, the use of computers has increased so rapidly that we can no longer ignore them, Computers influence our lives in one way or the other. These days we see computers being used to peffotm several functions that have made our life easy. The list of services for which computers are uséd’is a long one. What is a Computer? Computer is an electronic device that can accept, store and process data under the/oonirol of a set of instructions. The instructions, called a program, are stored in the computer when in use, so they can be executed automatically. A computer appeats to be far more intelligent and informed than human beings but the fact is, it cannot perform any task on its own. We need to give the computer instructions on éxactly what it has to do. If an unanticipated situation arises, computers will either produce yedng/fesults or abandon the task altogether. They do not have the potential to work out alternative solutions Figure 1.9 shows some of the main components of a Coniputer systetn ‘Storage ‘System ek Unit cpipvo rive Fig. 1.9: Main components of a computer system © Major Syste Unit Components ‘The System Uiit\is also called a aie. It is a box that houses the motherboard (into which processor and RAM chips are plugged), power Supply, as well as secondary storage co-ROM dive devices floppy disk drive, Hard disk drive, and CD or DVD drive ‘The case comes in desktop.or tower models. It includes a power Floppy drive supply Unit and a fan/to\keep the circuitry from overheating. The jgwersmich light indicator number of buttons dn the/outside of the computer case will vary, but the on/off power sivitch will appear somewhere, either front or back. Figure 1.10 illustrates the front side of system unit, Fig. 1.10: Front side of System Unit Information Communication Tecnology Grade 10 Student Textbook i) 9Unit 1 Introduction to ICT Data transfer ribbon Provessor fan Modem cara: slot Expansion slots Fig. 1.11: Inside of/eyetem unie (The arrangement of the components varies among wifferent models) Let us discuss the major system unit comporents and their functions: Motherboard The motherboard, or system board, is thé main\circuit board in system unit, The motherboard (see Fig. 1.12) consists of a flat board that fills one side of the case. It takes care of the entire system task in one way or the other. The primary function of the motherboard is to serve as the base upon which a computer's components are built. It contains both soldered, non-removable components and, sockets or slots for components that can be reftoved—microprocessor chip, RAM chips, and various expansion cards Fig. 1.12: Motherboard Power Supply ‘The electricity available from a standard walll outlet is Alternating Current (AC), but a computer runs on Direct Current (DC)\The power supply is a device that converts AC to DC to run the computer. The on/off switch in your computer turns on of shuts off the electricity to the power supply. Because electricity can generate a lot of heaty/a fan inside the computer keeps the power supply and the other components from becoming too hot Electrical power drawn from a'standard AC outlet can be quite uneven. For example, a sudden surge, or “ spike,”/in.AC voltage can bur out the low-voltage DC circuitry in your computer ("fry the motherboard’) Instead of pligging your computer directly into the wall electrical outlet, it is a good idea to plug it into a power protection devi¢e.’One of the principal types is UPS. clectricfty if there is a power failure. The UPS will keep a computer going for 5 to 30 minutes or ‘more. It des Tnto operation as soon as the power to your computer fails. It also stabilizes any sudden Aluetuation fn the power supply. 10. Bhs information Communication Technology ~ Grade 10 Studene Textbook : A. UPS (Lxiteraiptibie Power Supply) is a battery-operated device that provides a computer withUnie 1 Introduction to ICT. Hard Disk Hard disks are thin but rigid metal, glass, or ceramic platters covered with a substance that allows data to be held in the form of magnetised spots. Most hard disk drives have at least two platters; the greater the number of platters, the larger the capacity of the drive. The platters in the drive are separated by spaces and are clamped to a rotating spindle that turns all the platters in unison, Hard disks are tightly sealed within an enclosed hard disk drive unit to prevent any foreign matter from getting inside. Data thay be recorded on both sides of the disk platters (see Fig. 1.13). In a microcomputer, the hard disk is enclosed within the system unit, Unlike a floppy disk, it is not accessible, Hard isks Readirito heads Drive fever spindle Fig. 1.134 Hard dick CD-ROM Drive A CD (Compact Disk) drive, or its more recent variant, a DVD) (Digital Video Disk) drive, is a storage device that uses/laser technology to read data from optical disks (see Fig. 1.14)/(Some companies call a DVD a “Digital Versatile Disk.”) These, days new software is generally supplied on CDs rather than on flo disks vee pry Fig. 1414: CO/DVD drive and a CD Floppy Drive A floppy disk drive is a storage device that stores data on removable 3.5-inch-diameter disks (see Fig, 1.15), These diskettes d6.nof\seem to bel “floppy,” because 9 they are encased in hard (plastid) but the/mylar disk inside is indeed flexible or floppy. Each can store 1444 MB or more data, —— Using the floppy disk dsive'you can insert a diskette through a lot in the front anid remove it by pushing the eject button. | ‘You myZNnot Jemove the, diskette from floppy disk drive until its light goes off, or else you risk Floppy Fig. 1.15: Floppy drive and floppy damage foboth the dish afdtHe drive. @ Major Motherboard’ Components ‘The major motherboard components are CPU, RAM, ROM, Slots, Chips and CMOS battery, etc. Let us discuss these componehts and their functions cpu The most fundamental part of a motherboard is the microprocessor chip or the Central Processing Unit (CPU) (Gee Fig. 1.16). A yeicroprocessor is the miniaturised circuitry of a computer processor. It consists of mainly an Information Communication Tecnology ~ Grade 10 tude Textbook lf) 11Unit 1 Introduction to ICT integrated circuit of semiconductor devices and other electronic components ‘manufactured on a thin sheet of semiconductor material. CPU executes and stores program instructions that process or manipulate data into information, The CPU is offen referred to as the “brain” of the computer. CPUs have to communicate with the rest of the PC. This is accomplished, through a collection of interconnected chips on the motherboard called 4, chipset. Chipsets determine what types of processors, memory, and video cad ports will work on the same motherboard. Fig. 1,16: Microprocessor chip Memory So far we have described only the kinds of chips known as microprocessors. Byt other silicon chips called ‘memory chips ate also attached to the motherboard. There are two types of memory, storage —primary and secondary. Primary storage is temporary or working storage anil is often called the memory or the maint ‘memory; secondary storage, usually called just storage, is rélatively’a permanent storage. Memory refers to storage media in the form of chips, and storage refers to media such as disks and tape. The two principal types of memory chips are RAM and ROM. RAM chips—to temporarily store program instny(cHopS.atd datas RAM (Random Access Memory) chips (see Fig. 1.17) temporarily hold (1) software instruction$/and (2) data before and after it is processed by the CPU. You can think of memory (RAM) chips as a collection of boxes, each of which, holds a single byte of data Because its contents are temporary, RAM is Sai¢hto be volatile—the contents are lost when the power goes vif or is turned off, This is why you should frequently say, every 5 minutes, save your work to a secondary storage medium such as your hard disk—in case the electricity goes off while you are working Fig. 1.17: Random Access Memory (RAM) chips RAM allows the stored data to be accessed in any. order, that is, at random. RAM isa volatile foxfit of storage. It is th@ working memory of the computer. Having enough RAM is titical for the usef t6/stin jany spftwate pfograms. ROM chips—to storeixew" start-up thstragtions: Unlike RAM, to which data is constantly being added and removed, ROM (Rend Only Memory)gannot be written upon or erased by the computer user. ROM chips contain fixed Sarkyp instrucyors. ROM chips re ldaifed, at the factory, with programs containing special instructions for basic computer operations, suchas those that statt'the computer (BIOS) or put characters on the screen. These chips are non-volatile; their contents are not lost when power to the computer is turned off. In comfiputer terminology; read means to transfer data from an input source into the computer's memory. or CPU, Thé bpposite is write to transfer data from the computer's CPU or memory to an output device Thus, with @ ROM, chip) read-only means that the CPU can retrieve programs from the ROM chip but cannot modify or add to those programs. A variation is PROM (Programmable Read Only Memory), which is a ROM chip that allows you, the user, to load read-only programs and data. However, this can be done only once. 12 Te information Communication Technology ~ Grade 10 Student TextbookUnie 1 Introduction to ICT. Slots ‘The motherboard has expansion slots—for expanding the PC’s capabilities—which give you places to plug in additional circuit boards, such as those for video, sound and communications (modem). CMOS Battery This is a battery that maintains the time, date, hard disk and other configuration settings in the CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) memory. CMOS batteries are small and attached directly to the motherboard. © Memory Capacity and Computer Speed Memory is a part of the computer that holds data and instractions for processing. As mentioned earlier, memory chips deal only with temporary storage, Secondary storage (Or, permanent storage, stores the data for as long as you want. Although closely associated with the central processing unit, memory is separated from it. A computer system’s storagé capacity is represented by bytes, kilobytes, megabytes, gigabytes and terabytes. The computer speed, ‘that is,tHe CPU speed is measured in gigahertz (GHz), Memory Capacity Memory capacity is the maximum or minimum amount of memory'a’computer or hardware device is capable of having or it is the required amount of memory for a program to run or execute. ‘The storage capacity of a computer is medsuited in bytes, The hiérarchy of byte memory capacity is as follows (9 Bit, It is the smallest unit of memory) A’bit has the value 0 or 1. This is determined by no voltage or high voltage. (ii) Byle One byte means 8-bits (iif) Kilobyte. Kilo means one thousand, so a kilobyte (KB) is approximately one thousand bytes. Actually, a kilobyte is 1,024 bytes. (i) Megabyte. Mega means one million, so megabyte (MB) is approximately one million bytes (1,048,576 bytes, or 1,024 KB of 1,024\x 1,024 bytes, to be exact). Most personal computers have hundreds of megabytes of RAM. (©) Gigabyte, Giga means‘one billion. A gigabyte (GB) is actually 1,073,741,824 bytes or 1024 MB (ie, 1024 « 1,024 1,024 bytes). The storage capacity of a hard drive in modern personal computers is often many gigabytes, (oi) Terabyte*One trillion bytes (actyally, 1,099,511,627,776 bytes) is a terabyte (TB). ‘Table 1.2 suiminatizes the ubits-of memory capacity. Table 1.2: Units of Memory Capacity An atom or speck, the smallest unit of memory. Byte - 8 bits A single letter, a number, or a symbol. Information Commuriaton Technology ~ Grade 10 Student Textbook ql8 13Unit 1 Introduction to ICT Kilobyte K or KB 1,024 bytes A one-page, double-spaced letter, Megabyte MotMB 1,024 KB or 1,048,576 A best-selling novel. bytes Gigabyte G or GB 1,024 MB or An encyclopaedia set. 1,024 » 1,024 KB or 1,073,741,824 bytes Terabyte Tor TB 1,024 GB or 1,024 « A bookstore. 41,024 MB or 1,024 » 1,024 * 1,024 KB or 1,099,511,627,776 bytes mm @& ‘Table 1.3 summarizes the characteristics of the various kinds of data storage. Table 1.3: Characteristics of Vatious Kinds of Data Storage Registers Fastest Highest RAM Very Fast Low/Moderate High No Floppy Disk Very Slow Low Low Yes Hard Disk Moderate Very High Very Low. Yes Computer Speed When we refer to the speed of a computer, we-are talking about the speed of CPU. The mictoprocessor (CPU) is the “brain” of a computer. One of the/most important things about CPUs is speed. The speed of CPU is measured in Hertz(or Hz) ie, number of operations that can be done per second. Nowadays, we usually use Giga-Hertz or GHz (eg, 28'GHz, 3.06 GHz) because the CPUs are too fast to be measured in Hz Because of the extremely high speed of CPU, computers can do millions of operations in a very short time. Heat is released hen a CPU‘is-run. High temperature, however, decreases the performance of CPU. You, therefore, heed a fan to codl down the CPU. Tip: Do not play with the CPU speed You can change the speed of CPU in BIOS of your computer. Some people change the speed of their CPU to a very high GHz. This can increase the speed of the computer but would make the CPU overloaded and overheated. Finally, the whole computer may break down, Therefore, it is not recommended to do so. 14 Bhs information Communication Technology Grade 10 Studene TextbookUnie 1 Introduction to ICT. IDENTIFICATION OF VARIOUS COMPONENTS OF A COMPUTER SYSTEM Students to form groups in their class and identify the following components. ag co) w (co) (wi) (wii co) « Main components of a computor system > The System Unit is also called a case, It is a box that houses the motherboard (into which processor and RAM chips are plugged), power supply, as well as secondary storage devices —floppy disk drive, hard disk drive, and CD or DVD drive, > The motherboard, or system board, is the main circuit board in the system unit. > The most fundamental part of a motherboard is the microprocessor chip or the Central Processing Unit (CPU). It is often referred to as the “brain” of the computer. > Memory capacity means the amount of program instructions and data that can be stored on it. > Computer speed means the speed of the CPU, Information Communication Technology Grade 10 tudene Textbook lf) 15Unit 1 Introduction to ICT REVIEW QUESTIONS I in the Blanks \ 1, soossnsnsnns is pethaps the most powerful and versatile tool ever sreatéa By bana being 2. The vcssnnnnnnnnn 49 also called a case Mw ; 3. A CD (Compact Disk) drive, is a storage device that uses ) optical disks, C 4, The contents of ...cnnnnnnn are lost when the power goes off oris tttmed off. 5, Memory is the part of the computer that holds . State Whether True or False 1. A computer can perform any task on its own. ‘The motherboard is the main circuit beard in the — 3. The power supply is a device that converts DC 49 AC”) 4. The CPU is often xeferred to as the “brain” of the 8 sini Ne 5, The two principal types of memory chips are RAM/and ROM, Multiple Choice Questions 5 \ 1. Which of the following is/are multipugpove ICT device(s) dx colwergence? (@) Combined printers, scanners and-photocopiers, (0) Televisions with built-in Internet conitections and eb browsers {©) Mobile phones tha canta phbs, record vid uses the Intemet and playback asic (@) Allof these AV / 2. Which of the following is not characteristic of valuable information? (@) Inrelevant Vv @) Upeto-date (©) Accurate (oa) Reliable 3. Which ofthe following i 40" enclosed in System Unit of a PC? (@) UPS YD" (\~@) Hard disk (6) Motherboard \\) @ Power Supply 4. Which of the foll6ving is another nahte for primary storage? @ cpu he @) ROM (©) RAM~ Me (@ CD drive Match the Following ‘ Column A, Column B A characteristic of valuable information (a) The most fundamental part of the motherboard Intranet (&) Worth the cost Read Only Memory (©) A network only available within a particular The various parts of that window are shown in Fig. 23. ‘The important features of MS-Word are: 1. Outline features: It enables 'you to view headings in your document. 2. Cut-and-paste feature: It enables you to move Blocks of text. 3. Formatting feature: IDenables you to change type font and size. Microsoft Word 2007/44 Word_peocessing’ application software used to create documents such as =| memios, letters, repdrts/sésearch papéts, brochures, anmouncements, newsletters, envelops, labels and much more. PRODUCING A DESCRIPTIVE ARTICLE ON PHOTOSYNTHESIS Let us revise and demonstrate the various tasks performed in MS-Word by producing a descriptive article on photosynthesis. Creating a New Document Ifyou are already working in MS-Word and you want to create a new document, then: 1. Click the Offize Button (see Fig. 2.4) Information Communication Tecnology Grade 10 StudeneTxtbook lf) 23Unit 2~ Application Software reating a new document 2. Click on the New option. It displays the following window (see Fig. 2.5). Fig. 2.5: On clicking the New option 3. Click on the Create button. It displays the newly created document (see Fig. 2.0). Fig. 2.6: Newly created Word document 24 hs information Commuicaion Tecnology — Grade 10 Student TextbookUnie 2- Application Software ‘Typing a Passage Using MS-Word To insert text in your document, place the cursor at the position where you want to enter the text and start yping, To insert a paragraph you have to press the enter key and start typing. When you type text, MS-Word automatically inserts the text in the document area. Figure 2.7 shows a descriptive article on photosynthesis using MS-Word 2007. Fig. 2.7: Producing a descriptive article on Photosynthesis using MS-Word & When Several Word Documents are Open You can write with several Word documents open simultaneously. To go (“toggle”) back and forth, held down Ctrl and press F6. To go backward, press Civl, Shift and press F6. To display several documents at ‘once, go to the Window group i the View tab and select Arrange All button. You can copy/cut and paste text fom one document to another. Microsoft Word Help Word help is an extensive on-line help application that provides useful “how to” and “what is” information on every aspect of the Word program. Word help can be easily accessed by clicking on Word Help @ located. in the upper right comer of the screen or pressing Fl. Saving Document Using the ‘Save As’ Command When yott type in a documtént, the document is stored in the internal memory of the computer. Once you have created’a document, you have to save it for future use and you must save it on a disk. To save means to presérve the document safely for further use, To save a word document: 1. Click the Office Button 2. Click the Sty option (see Fig, 2.8) Information Communication Tecnology Grade 10 Student Textbook lf) 25Unit 2~ Application Software the Save aption The ‘Save As’ dialog box is displayed as shown if\Fig. 29. \(Q) Fig. 29: The ‘Save A? dialog box The ‘Save A¥ dialog box is displayed only under the following circumstances: (® When you have clicked “Save As’ (ii) Tf you have clicked Save and you are saving the document for the first time. 3. Identify the location’ Wwhere you want to save. You must enter the name by which you want to save the document. Here, we have selected My Documents and given the file name docl docx. 4. Click the Save baton, MS-Word, Ky\defanilt, saves all the documents in the folder ‘My Documents’ with extensions docx. Homever\you can save them elsewhere by selecting the desired location, from the ‘Save in” drop-down listpfovided in the ‘Save As’ dialog box. 26 Bhs information Commuricaion Tecnology — Grade 10 Student TextbookUnie 2- Application Software Caution: When you are using the ‘Save As’ option, make sure that you do not overwrite the existing copy of the file. Closing a Document After your work is complete you need to close the document without exiting from the MS-Word. To close a document without exiting the MS-Word, , ¢ 1. Click the Office Button. \ 2. Click the Close option. Z i If you have not saved the document before closing, MS-Word gives you waming/dsking to save the document (see Fig. 2.10). Ute mei Ce A Do you want to save the changes to doct docx? Coe] Ce} Cone Fig. 2.107 The waming dialog box! From the above shown dialog box () If you want to Save the document, dick the Yes button, (i) If you do not want to Save the dociment, click the No Button. (iif) If you want to remove the message box, click the Cancel button. Exiting Microsoft Word When the Word Processing Work\is over, you Siust exit properly from MS-Word. To exit MS-word: }p 1. Click the Office Button 2. Click the Exit Word Button, ) Ifyou have nof saved the document, Word prompts you to save changes before closing the application (see Fig. 2.10), ‘You can close the document using Close button * available in the Title bar. © Tables'and Pictures in’ Word Processing Tables MS-Word’s Table feature is useful for displaying data in columns and rows. This data may be text, values, and/or formulas: Information Communication Technology Grade 10 tudene Textbook lf) 27Unit 2~ Application Software Inserting or Creating a table MS-Word offers a set of commands for creation, modification and formatting of tables. ‘The tables can be inserted in a word document in the following way: 1. Open the document. 2. Create the table. / 3. Insert data in the table. 4. Identify the format of the table. 5. Change the format of the table. , 6. Save the document. Let us implement this in MS-Word 2007. To insert a table in your document, follow these steps 1. Open 2 document and enter some text in it. 2. Select the Insert tab. 3. Select the Table option from Tables panel. v 4 On clicking the Table option, a list will be displayed Seled’\he desired table size by moving the cursor on the table cells (see Fig, 2.11). Here) we select 2 x 6 table Man peple vie Eig hope te do one dy bean of een mane ‘tina hstncalwadens ave Denese Aad need tec ants Fig. 2.11: Sclecting the Table size 28 hs information Commuicaion Tecnology — Grade 10 Student TextbookUnie 2- Application Software 5. After clicking on the last cell of the selected table size, a table is inserted into the document at the insertion point below the text (see Fig. 2.12) Now fill the table as per your requirement. Ethiopia a Tourist Paradise Bion ity and of contrasts and exremes sland ofremote and wd pices. Some ofthe ‘igh and most stunning places cathe Aan comics we found hee, sch = thejgsedly ‘carved Simim Mountains, one of UNESCO's Wadd Heitage Stes and some ofthelowet, {achat thet but sntng Dall Depression ith lpr Smaser andere landscape. Ethiopia old; ld bevond al imaginations. As Abyssinia, cure and ‘zane dete ack over 3000 yee And fr eater than that Eved "Lact ‘ening thou at wonderful. ashe is known tothe Etioians, whose remane wee founda & ‘omer ofthis county of mtr and conta Toa Pho Ei Bases ‘Akan “Many people vist Ethiopia ce hope te doso one day -beceuseoftherenatable mast in ‘which ancient hota! uadienshave been preserved And inded the caemosies ands ‘ofthe Ebiopian Onthedcx Cs, open a window on the authentic Wotd ofthe Old Testament no other county iit poste o find yous dramatically anspored back in tine co nip wthsacheedom inthe sacred inal of an ache faith Fig. 2.12: A document aftepinserting data in table You can also insert table using Draw Table Option from Insert Table list, available in Table option of the Tables panel under Iiséxt tab, ‘Table Mi ipulation e It includes selection, insertion, deletion, adjustment etc. of the basic elements of a table. Selecting ; / To select cell, row, tolumn or table) click the Select button in the Table Tools Layout tab (see Fig. 2.13). Now select thé desired option) Fig. 2.13: Clicking Select button Information Communication Tecnology Grade 10 tude Textbook i) 29Unit 2~ Application Software Alternatively, you can select the item (cell, row or column) as: call Click the lft edge ofthe ell = Arow Click to the left of the zow. Accolumn Click the column’s top gridline or top border. a To select all cells in the table, click the table move handle that displays in the upper left comer of the table (square with a four-headed arrow inside) Besides using the mouse, you can select cells using keyboard )shortcuts as given in Table 22 Table 2.2: Selecting Cells Usifig the Keyboard ewig) To Select Tab ‘The next cell's contents Shift + Tab The preceding cell's contents Hold Shift key and then press the arrow key repeatedly Adjacent cells Position insertion point in top cell of column, hold down A column the Shift key, and then press Down Arrow key until coktmn is selected, Alt +5 (on the numeric keypad with Num Lock off) The entire table fel] Click anywhere outside the tabié to deselgchghe cells. Adding a cell To add a cell in a table, perform the following steps: 1. Click in a cell that isto the right o€ Oy above where you want to insert a cell. 2. Under Tible Tools, on the Layout tab, click the Rows & Colunins Dialog Box Launcher. 3. Click one of the following options. Shift cells right Insert a cell and move the selected cell and all other cells to the right of the selected cell in that sow to the right. Shift cells down Insert a cell and move the selected cell and the existing cells below the selected cell down one row. A new row is added at the bottom of the table. Insert entire row Insert a row above the cell that you clicked in. Insert entire column Insert a column to the left of the cell that you clicked in. 30 he irormason Communion Technsegy ~ Grade 10 student TextbookUnie 2- Application Software Word does not insert a new column. Using the Shift cells right option may result in a row that has more cells than the other rows. Adding a row To add a row in a table, perform the following step: 1. Click in a cell above or below where you want to add a row. 2. Under Table Tools, on the Layout tab, do one of the following: (# To add a row above the cell, click Insert Above in the Rows & Colunsis group. (i) To add a row below the cell, click Insert Below in the Rows & Colyinmns groups) /) Adding a column To add a column in a table, perform the following steps: 1, Click in a cell to the left or right of where you want,to adda columny 2. Under Table Tools, on the Layout tab, do one of the following: (@ To add a column to the left of the cell, click.Jhsett Left in the‘Rosbs & Columns group. (i) To add a column to the right of the cell, clickyFnsert Right,in-the Rows & Columns group. Deleting a cell To delete a cell from a table, perform the following stéps: 1. Select the cell that you want to delet By clicking its left edigé 2. Under Tie Te, cli the Layout ah = 3. In the Rows & Columns group, click Delete, and then\elick Delete Cells. 4, Click one of the following options Word ddeXcob insert a néw(cblefn. Using the Shift cells left option may result in a row that has fewer cells than Yhie other rows.“ Deleting row To delete.a tow from a,tabie, perform the following steps: 1, Select the row that you want to delete by cli 2. Under Table Toals; click the Layout tab. 3. In the Rows:é Columns group, click Delete, and then click Delete Rows. ing its left edge. Al Information Communication Tecnology ~ Grade 10 tude Textbook lf) 31Unit 2~ Application Software Deleting a column To delete a column from a table, perform the following steps: 1. Select the column that you want to delete by clicking its top gridline or top border. 2. Under Table Tools, click the Layout tab. 3. In the Rows & Columns group, click Delete, and then click Delete Colum, Deleting a table To delete a table, perform the following steps: 1. Click in the table 2. Under Table Tools, click the Layout tab. 3. In the Rows & Columns group, click Delete, and then click Delete Table Merging cells ‘You can combine two or more table cells located in the sme row or colunin into a single cell. For example, you can merge several cells horizontally to create a table heading that has several columns. To merge cells in a table, perform the following steps: 1. Select the cells that you want to merge by clicking the left dg ofa cell and then dragging across the other cells that you want. 2. Under Table Tools, on the Layout tab, itrthe Merge group, élick Merge Cells. Splitting cells To split cell(s) in a table, perform the following steps: 1. Click in a cell, or select multiple calls that you waitt to split. 2. Under Table Tools, on the Layott tab, in the Merge group, click Split Cells. 3. Enter the number of columns or rows that you want to split the selected cells into. Moving or copying items in, a table To move or copy items in’ table, perform the following steps: 1. On the Home tab,\in(the Paragraph group, click Show/Hide (see Fig. 2.14), 2. Select the item (ell, row or column) that you want to move or copy. 3. Do one of the following’ (i) To move the selected item, drag it to the new location, (i) To copy’the selected item, hold down Ctrl key while you iag it to the newy location, Fig. 2.14: Clicking Show/Hide in the Paragraph group Pictures. Pictures are bitmaps, scanned photographs or clipart images. In MS-Word documents, pictures are used to visually represent things, emotions, and objects. 32. hs information Commuicaion Tecnology — Grade 10 Student TextbookUnie 2- Application Software Inserting Pictures Clipart or pictures are inserted to create effective documents. MS-Word supports many popular picture formats, for example .wmf (Window Meta Files). You can insert pictures from the disk as well as cliparts from the clipart gallery of MS OFFICE. You can also insert downloaded pictures or pictures taken by your web cam or digital camera, into your documents, ‘The pictures can be inserted in a word document in the following way, 1. Open the document. i 2. Identify the pictures to be inserted in the document. y, 3. Insert pictures in the document 4. Determine the appearance of the pictures 5. Change the appearance of the graphics. % 6. Save the document. Let us implement this in MS-Word 2007. , ‘ ‘The steps for inserting pictures are given below: 1. Open a document. Here, we are working in/af/already open sscdont (refer to Fig. 2.12). 2. Click the Insert tab. 3, Select the Picture option from Illustrations panel (see Fig, 2 Eins liad of ours and exes an frre md wldlace Some of he ‘phenom saming pacer ene ce Coins refund ber ch the pele. ‘sted Sky Mout one of UNESCO's Wad Hetage Ser adam of elon, ‘char etet bet incening Dah Depress Se Iindnape Elpa lod byend al agmatine Av Atystn te cae ‘dion date tk or 3000 yous And a eur haat veda” or Dike ‘ten thouat wonder ste move othe Etcpans, nove vena ere fomtis ome athi coum fee aed co | Fig. 2.15: Inserting picture 4. On clicking'this button the Insert Picture dialog box will appear. Select the desired picture and click Insert button (see Fig. 2.16). Here, we have selected Ethiopian Treasures. Information Communication Tecnology Grade 10 tude Textbook i) 33,Unit 2~ Application Software cee les] SS hops «Toure Parade See Fig, 2.17: A document after incerting a picture 6. Save and close the document. The picture may noy/pfoye (Properly in youk/document, unless you select a wrapping style. To resize a picture, always strétch thént from confers This will increase the height and width equally. © Word Processing Activities ‘As mentioned earlier, Microsoft Word 2007 is a word processing application software used to create documents such a8 letters, reports; \memos, research papers, brochures, announcements, newsletters, envelops, labels, and much moré)It provides a wide variety of editing and formatting features as well as sophisticated visual elements While working in word, you tan perform various word processing activities, WRITING A PIECE ABOUT IRRIGATION AND WATER DISTRIBUTION IN ETHIOPIA, Student wil perform the following steps for doing the activ 1. Click the Start button on the Task bar. 34, a iformaon Communiceson Tecnology ~ Grade 1 Seudere TextbookUnit 2~ Application Software 2. Choose che All Programs option in the Start menu. 3. Click the Microsoft Offce option from the All Programs menu 4. Click the Microsoft Office Word 2007 option. On starting MS-Word a blank document window appears. vy 9 > Tables provide you an easier and effective method of arranging the data in rows and columns. > Pictures are inserted to create effective documents, MS-Word by default, names the newly created document as Document! S. Figure 2.18 shows a piece about irrigation and water distribution in Ethiopia using MS-Word 2007. at tees tp te eee en erent 8 WeESR elie a: wmwmieiocgs [wef mew mews ogee Fig. 2.18: A piece about imigation and water distribution in Ethiopia 6. Save the document with the name you wish (axe neraey Word processing is the most widely used computer application When you are using the Save As’ option, make sure that you do not overwrite the existing copy of the file When you edit text, you change the text by either inserting text, deleting text or replacing text by using mouse ‘or keyboard. Formatting text means changing the text appearance by changing the alignment, style, font and font colour. To format text, you need to use the Home tab, © EEE L 3 the Blanks ig the miost commonly used application software that creates text documents. MS-Word’s (>, feature is useful for displaying data in columns and rows, In Wordy means changing the text appearance by modifying the alignment, style, font and font color Insert Panel has Illustrations option in Word 2007 which allows you to insert into the text Information Commuriaton Technology ~ Grade 10 Student Textbook «lB a5Unit 2~ Application Software State Whether True or False 1. MS-Word is not a member of MS-Office family provided by Microsoft 2. You must keep on saving the document when working to avoid losing document when power goes off 3. You can change the font styles to bold, italics and underline from the Font panel by. clicking on the respective options, 4. A table cannot be inserted in a document using MS-Word. Answer the Following 1. What is the importance of Word Processing? Discuss 2. Discuss the editing and saving of a Word document using thé Cdifinig tools 3. What are the steps to format a document? 4, How will you insert Tables and Pictures in Word Processing document? Suggested Activities 1. Creating a personal CY. Keeping a logo of personal performance in physical edtication’ Writing a report on a chemical experiment: |. Writing a report on a Physics experiment: [EGA key FEATURES OF PRESENTATION SOFTWARE AND TECHNIQUES Presentation is the process of presenting @ topic to an atidierice) for example, presenting a lesson to Grade 10 students about global warming or soil/erosion in Ethiopia. Many people make use of presentation software to support them when they have to give a presentation to others, Presentation software is a tool luséd to display information, normally in the form of a slide show. It generally includes three major functions: an editor that allows text to be inserted and formatted, a method for inserting and manipulating graphic images and a slide-show system to display the contents. Microsoft PowerPoint is 4 presentation software that allows users to create presentations and slide shows using a variety of media) ineliding images, video and music. The user compiles information regarding hisfher topic presentation in’any or all of these media formats and then applies effects to enhance the presentation. PowerPoint is often used for business presentations, but many students deliver presentations for class assignments. PowerPoint i simple to use, and with a little practice, you can create professional presentations that will effectively get your ideas across to others. Features of Presentation Software Following ate some impofiint key features of Presentation Software: 1. Inserf Slide Feature allows you to insert slide anywhere in the presentation, at the beginning, middle orend. 2. Deletion of Iferted slides: Any stide of the presentation can be removed. 3. Allows copyjcut and paste slides in any order. 4, Allows anitations and/or sounds manipulations on objects in the slide. 5. Simple Findand Replace, and text editor features 36 By Information Communication Technology — Grade 10 Student Textbook6. Good font specifica and footers, 8. Good layout management system presets or Customized layout designing. 9 Spell checkers and dictionary support. 10, Alor he slide show of the presentations. Unit 2~ Application Software allows you to change and use different font faces, styles, and effects. Additional features for slide allows footnotes, ctoss references, advanced navigation system, headers, In this sub-unit, we will revise the concepts of Presentation Software that we have learnt in Grade 9. © Revision As discussed in Grade 9, PowerPoint is a presentation graphics/progtamn you can use to organize and present information. With PowerPoint, you can create visual aids for a presentation and then print copies of the aids as well as ruin the presentation, A presentation in PowerPoint generally follows a présentation cyclen Thé general steps of this cycle include opening PowerPoint, creating and editing slides; ‘saving, printing, running and closing the presentation; and then closing PowerPoint. Suppose you are having MS-PowerPoint 2007 installed.dn your computer. To start using PowerPoint. Click Start > All Programs —> M crosoft Office \y M crosoft Office PowerPoint © sanegenncen ae Beye Gren @ ccm 1G Genre eur Gon @ segome seed Qh oem [G mcmenoman sown cmerte © Mowunone ome 1 Mowatanege tarepins > vont teewnh Oren sceockoa ton) secon tr seconhonec nt Fig. 2.19: Starting PowerPoint (see Fig. 2.19) * &_ Depending on Your system configuration, the steps you perform to start PowerPoint may vary. Information Communication Technology — Grade 10 Student Textbook «0 37Unit 2~ Application Software ‘The PowerPoint window appears as shown in Fig. 2.20. Quick Access Toolbar Tite bar Offce —aays Buen (Ose ole Glick to add ttle Siides/Outine) pane Cito 9d ee Status ‘niratn «—— Noles pane bar — = Fig. 2.20: PowsrPoint window. / Steps for Creating Presentation A presentation may contain a number of slidés\a slide is a page that may have various objects like title, subtitle, lists, cliparts, charts and organization) charts), which are-atranged in a sequence. Various effects are applied on the slide objects and slides to improve the presentations. Generally creating a presentation involves the following steps: 1. Creation of slides of required types. / .. Typing the required text in the slides. Arranging the slides in a proper sequence. Applying different effects to\the slide objects, for example, text and sound effects . Applying slide transitions to slides. Setup the show. 7. Presenting the slide show. N, Let us revise the topics you have leaned in Grade 9. Creating Slides Using-Tek and Images — You can create slidlés using text and images as explained below: Adding Tet In order to-add text, the text needs “container” — a Text Box. Make a text box by clicking on the “Text Box” icon in the “Insert” tab (see Fig, 2.21). Choose bonizotal or or vertical as asyou wish. Eeaas epgcre 2. zazgouss Fig. 2.21 Selecting Tent Box for adeing wt 38. hs information Commuricaion Tecnology — rade 10 StudeeTetbookUnit 2~ Application Software Click or click-and-drag where you want the text to be. You should see the rectangular shape of the Text Box. Type your text. The box will grow automatically as you type. To copy text from another program first make the text box then do copy and paste into the text box. Adding Images The two ways to add images are with Insert Picture and with Copy and Paste. The Insert/Picture is the ‘most common way of adding graphics to a PowerPoint document. If you have a file that is in one of several standard graphic formats (like JPEG or GIF), use the “Insert” tab and click the “Picture” icon to select and insert your picture (see Fig. 2.22) A Fig, 2.2: Selecting Pictur icon in Insert cab for aden image ‘The image will appear on your document with handles Use one‘of the,comer handles to re-size it. (The corner handles will keep the same aspect ratio, the side ade will not.) Click and drag in the middle of the graphic to move it. A Picture Tools tab aafomatically shows “up when you insert the picture (see Fig. 2.23). You can edit the picture by clicking the’iéons for the nuimterous options in this tab. tats” anon Qeeenes Eroreenaoe ae Fig. 2,28: Picture Tools tab for editing the pi Formatting Tek and Background (/> A You can format text and background as explained below: Tet Format / ‘Asin many programs, you cir change the font and Sie by highlighting the text tobe changed and then making the changes within the “Home tab (See Fig. 224)’ A'100-point font is about an inch high Fig. 2.24% Formatting text I you ao not see the size-you want inthe selection list, you can enter it in by hand. To move a Text Box. position your pointer over a part of the edge of the box that is not a handle. The pointer should become shaped like a plus sign with arrows. Click and drag the Text Box to the wanted position. You can change the color of the éext, the edge, and the fill as well as other things with the options in the “Home” tab. Make a separate Text Box for each separate piece of text. “Separate text” means a portion of text that you want to be able to mova jhdependently from the others. Information Canmuniaion Technology Grade 10 tudene Textbook lf 39Unit 2~ Application Software Backgrounds You can select a background by clicking the “Background Styles” icon inthe “Design’ tab (see Fig. 2.25) . “omit Mev - 2 See raat aa |= (a Fig. 2.25: Formatting background Click on the Format Background option within the dropdown nienu and you cam choose from even more color choices. If you choose Fill effects you have a choice of tabs and one is Gradient. A gradient background is a smooth transition from one color to another. The bést gradients are very dark or very light so that the text can easily be read on top of it. If you want a picture background lick on the Picture tab, then Select Picture to browse to your pictute. Be careful of using too big imtage-large files can become cumbersome to work with = Inserting and Deleting Slides You can insert and delete slides as explained below: ) / Inserting a New Slide Click on the New Slide button on the Home tab of the ribbon to adda new slide to your presentation (see Fig. 2.26). Deleting a Slide A Fig. 2.26: Inserting a new side On the Slides tab of the Slides/Outlige task pane on the eft of your screen, click on the thumbnail (a thumbnail describes a miniature version of a slide ot picture) of the slide you wish to delete. Press the Delete key on your keyboard. Presenting a Slide Show ‘You can present a slide show as explained below? Press F5 or on the Slidé/Shind tab, in the Start Slide Show group, do one of the following: (8 To start with the first’slide in the presentation, click From Beginning. (ii) To start with the slide that currently appears in the Slide pane, click From Current Slide. ‘The presentatioh opens in Slide Show View. Click the left mouse button to advance to the next slide. Press /ése | to. t8iutin to Normal tiew at any time. cy Creating a Slide\Show using Animation and Sound You can create the most éffective visual presentations using PowerPoint because a series of slides that contains nly bulleted lists isnot the most dynamic choice. Lack of visual variety can cause your audience's attention to drift. And/many’kinds of information are not most clearly expressed in a paragraph or a bulleted fist MS-Office PowerPoint 2007 makes it possible to add many other kinds of audio and visual content, including tables, SmartArt graphics, clip art, shapes, charts, music, movies, sounds, and animations. You can add transitions between slides, 40. hs information Commuicaion Tecnology — Grade 10 Student TextbookUnie 2- Application Software Professionally designed slide shows contain all these properties to grasp the attention of the audience. Applying Animation To animate an individual object in a slide, use the options from the Animate button located in the Animations group in the Amimations tab. You can also apply custom animation to selected objects in a slide by clicking the Custom Animation button in the Animations group in the Animations, talx) This displays the Custom Animation task pane at the right side of the screen. Use options in this task pane to control the order in which objects appear on a slide, specify entrance and exit effects, choose animation direction) and speed, and specify how objects will appear in the slide, Adding Sound To add sound to a presentation, perform the following steps: 1. Select the slide. . Click Insert tab, Click Sound button arrow. Click Sowd from File at the drop down list Navigate to desired folder, Double-click desired sound clip file Changing Slide Layout You can change the slide layout as follows! Click the Layout button on the Home Fibhon. This will show a contextual menu of the nine different slide layout choices in PowerPoint 2007 (see Fig. 2.27) Fig. 2.27: Changing Side Layout ‘The current slid& layout will be highlighted. Hover your mouse over the new slide layout of your choice and that slide typewwill also be highlighted. When you click the mouse this new slide layout will be applied to the current slide. Information Communication Tecnology — Grade 10 StudeneTxtbook lf 41Unit 2~ Application Software © Presentation Software and Techniques Activities Now, itis the turn of your IT teacher to liase with other curriculum subject teachers to promote active learning in groups. For example, in geography, groups of students will prepare a presentation on a geographical topic such as global warming or land erosion in Ethiopia and present a slide show of the same. Let us prepare in groups a presentation on “Global Warming” and present a\slide show of it through an activity PRESENTATING A SuDE SHOW ON GLOBAL WARMING. Students in groups will perform the following steps: 1 nA eN Click Start > All Programs — Microsoft Office > Microsoft Office PowerPoint 2007. Click on Office Button and select New. Prepare a presentation on Global Warming and save ic in a file Click the Slide Show tab. Click the From Beginning icon in the Start Slide Show command group. PowerPoint displays the first slide of your presentation Click the left mouse button or press the SPACEBAR/ENTER key to view the next slide. The slides in the presentation are shown in Fig. 2.28. GLOBAL REECE WARMING or Slide 1 Shide 2 Conner a ree eee Slide 3 42, Why Information Communication Technology — Grade 10 Student TextbookUnit 2~ Application Software booelahe Dees THANK YOU | ” ae Slide 7 Ske 8 Fig. 2.28: Side Show of presentation on Global Warming 7. Press BS | to exit the slide show. [exer > Presentation software uses graphics, animation, sound and data or information to make visual presentations. > PowerPoint is a fullfeatured presentation software that provides a variety of editing and formatting features as well as sophisticated visual elements such as clipart, pictures, SmartArt, WordArt, and drawn objects. > The PowerPoint Help feature is used to display information on PowerPoint. > We can apply interesting transitions and sounds co a presentation. A transition is how one slide is removed from the screen during a presentation and the next slide is displayed. > Presenting a slide show is the most useful view of PowerPoint. It is used to display the slides in a desired sequence. e ASSESSMENT 2.2 in the Blanks L is used to create colourful and powerful presentations. 2 an include such functions as rearranging and deleting slides; cutting, copying and pasting text ete 3. To display a\blank PowerPoint presentation, we click the Office button, click , and then double-click the Blank Presentation option at the New Presentation dialog box. 4A is a location on a slide marked with a border that holds text or an object. Information Commuriaton Technology ~ Grade 10 Student Textbook «lB 43Unit 2~ Application Software State Whether True or False 1. Microsoft PowerPoint is not inchided in MS-Office suite. 2. When running a presentation, how one slide is removed from the screen and the next slide is displayed is called transition. 3. To mum a slide show manually, we click the Slide Show Tab and then click’ fhe From Beginning button in the Start Slide Show group. 4. We cannot add a sound to a presentation. Answer the Following What are the key features of presentation software? . Give the steps to create a presentation Give the steps to insert and delete slides using PowesPoing How will you prepare and present a slide show? Suggested Activities 1. Produce a time-line for important events in the Flidtozy bf Ethiopia Prépare and present a slide show. 2. Prepare a presentation on land erosion in Ethiopia and presen€ a/slide show. Field Trip Organize a field trip to various restaurants to get useful information about foods and present the slide show. to the dass. EE2desktop pusiisning Desktop Publishing (DTP) is an applitation software that involves mixing text and graphics to produce high-quality output for commercial printing, using aPC, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software. ‘The most important feature of desktop publishing system is that it helps the user to see exactly how the design would appear whem printed. This feature is called WYSIWYG, that is, “What You See Is What You Get”. Often the printers used primarily to get an advance look before the completed job is sent to a typesetter for even higher-quality output, Offset printing is generally more expensive than laser printing, Some professional DTP programs aré QuarkXPress, Adobe InDesign and Adobe PageMaker. Microsoft Publisher is a “low-end”, ‘consumer-orierited DTP package. Desktop publishing has the following characteristics: 1. Mix of text with graphics, 2. Varied type and layout Styles 3. Use of files from other progeams. DP: reduced thé n&ber of steps, the time, and the money required to produce professional-looking Hated projects. Who uses DTP? ( ‘The main users of DTP are. 1. Newspapers arid Mg ai: nes: People working with newspapers and magazines use DTP to design the layouts)t6 help them achieve a professional and eye catching design. 44 Gh information Commuricaion Technolgy — Grade 10 Studere TextbookUnie 2- Application Software 2. Book Publishers: They create book jackets by using images drawn by artists and then incorporate these with text using DTP software 3. Businesses or Charities: They use DTP software to create leaflets, posters or flyers to advertise their business or to publicise an event. They also use DTP to create business cards, calendars and letterhead 4. Teachers: They often use DIP software to produce worksheets or exercises for students Features of Desktop Publishing, > ‘The major features of desktop publishing are Templates DIP packages have a wide range of templates to help the users make anything ff0m) brochures, business cards, flyers, calendars to party invitations. Wiar d Most of the DTP packages provide ‘wizards’ which make it,éasy for the user to customize the template he/she has chosen, that is, change the colour scheme, charige the layout ofthe template and inciude personal or business details such as address and contact details’ / ‘Tek Frames ‘These are used to hold the text on the publication. Users must identify the features about the text frames in the DTP which make them useful and different. The text/frames can be resized, rotated, easily placed on top of images, borders, and other text-“Text can be ‘flowed’ from one frame to another. Be careful about Text Frames, hats) do not call ese \teyt boxes’ because text boxes are available in Word Processing packages, Spépadshiet packages aid Presentation packages. Borders DTP packages allow the users to make custom bordérs using an image of their own choice. They can choose the size of the border, and the spacing of the image. Like the Text Frame4/db fact just say borders. Look for the borders which are available in your DIP software which makes fjGin partichlasly Suitable Page Tabs If the user creates a document which has multiple pages, for example, a brochure or catalogue which needs to be folded))the DTP package)allows him/her to access each individual page via a numbered tab. ‘The page appéars the/right way’ up’ whilst working on it. However, when he/she has finished, it will be printed in the cortect order or oriéntation for that publication. © Load/Publisher and Starting New Document Microsoft Office Publisher 2007 is the business publishing program that helps you create, design, and publish professional-looking marketing and communication materials. You can create materials for print, enmail, and the Web with an intuitive, task-based environment that guides you from initial concept to final delivery in-house without professional design and production expertise. Suppose you\até having MS-Publisher 2007 installed on your computer. Information Communication Tecnology Grade 10 tudeneTxtbook i) 45Unit 2 Application Software To start Microsoft Office Publisher 2007, perform the following steps: Click Start > All Programs —> M crosoft Office > M crosoft Office Publisher @ (see Fig, 2.29) = i Ss G28 v- —_.— Fig. 229: Searing MS-Publshar OR Double click on the Microsoft Office Publisher 2007 icon on the desktop Publisher opens and the Getting StartéW with Microsoft Office Publ proformatted designs to use in crvating yur publication (seo Fig her view appears, offering many 30). Fig. 2.30: Gotting Started with Microsoft Office Publisher 2007 view From this window you can start a new publication or open an existing one. 46 Ty information Communiation Technology — Grade 10 Student TextbookUnie 2- Application Software Creating a New Document ‘MS-Publisher 2007 offers two options for creating a new document. The Getting Started task pane provides pre-formatted designs and is very useful when you need to quickly create an attractive publication. For a more original look, you may wish to start with a blank publication; however, this is more time consuming, Creating a New Document: New from a Design ‘The Getting Started task pane offers many pre-formatted designs to use/in¢reating your publication. To start a new document, perform the following steps: 1. From the File menu, select New... OR press ‘The Getting Started task pane appears. 2. From the Publication Types pane, select a category of designs. The available publication types within that categoty afe displayed below’ the category heading 3. Click a publication type. Available designs appear in\the main Window. 4, Click a design. The selected design opens. Creating a New Document: From a Blank Publication To start a new document, perform the following steps 1. From the File menu, select New... OR press- ee ester ase Business Cords rere | 4. The right hand/column has a number of options for your business card (see Fig. 2.46). You can customize it with a different color scheme, and a different font scheme. 56. Te information Communication Technology Grade 10 Student Textbook5. Now look for the Busin Unie 2- Application Software Fig, 2.46; Customize dialog box, information Grop down box. Ifthis is the first time you have created a business card, your only option wilhbe Create new. Select Create new. (see Fig. 2.47), and a dialog box will appear for you to enter your business card information Crete New BuinesfomabonSet ic Dunn mt for SS Sees ————— es ry Ses ees or dite tne’? You ages tne 3 You ideas ine Phone, es, arden: ialog box to enter business card information Information Communication Technology ~ Grade 10 Student Textbook lf) 57Unit 2~ Application Software 6. Enter the details and click right hand corner of the screen. Printing the card in Appropriate Paper Size p To print a card, perform the following steps: in 1. Open the business card document that you wish to print, / 2. In the Business Card Options task pane, under Copies per sheet, dlick One or or Mati 3. Load the printer with the paper that you wish to print on. 4. On the File menu, click Print. The Print dialog box appears (see Fig, 2.48): te eS sere eau =| Otnieame Pager Cane Reaacme eS Seace a etre Sarwan es oo © Stotow to nse pape Se amiseraae —— taihdrera core Seater Srde-sded ‘ » Fig. 2.48: Print dialog box 5. In the Print dialog box, “choose the printer that you wish to print to. Make sure that the correct, orientation’ and size are selected. 6. Click OK. =| WAL you chogge the-ME Itiple copies option, MS-Publisher will print 10 copies per sheet by default. 2. If your tards/Have portrait orientation, Publisher will automatically set them up to be printed corrpetly. 3. Unfess:you customize the size of your card, Publisher defaults to the standard business card size of 2 By 3.5 inches. 58. Te information Communication Technology ~ Grade 10 Student TextbookUnie 2- Application Software © Folded Card Publishing The cards you buy from a shop are usually folded publications having text and graphic elements on all sides. You can print cards in MS-Publisher on both sides of the paper, or you can print the content on one side of the paper and then fold it in four. MS-Publisher has many templaies for two types of folded cards: Greeting Cards and Invitation Cards. In addition, five tent-fold templates are also available in the Postcards category. Using MS-Publisher 2007, you can quickly produce an invitation exacl{y'as you want /To treate folded cards, perform the following steps 1 Start MS-Publisher, and then click Invitation Cards in the Publidition Types lis. 2. Under Invitation Cards, click a design theme, such as Theme Party (See Fig. 2.49). 3, Scroll through the predesigned invitation card publications. When you find-one that you like, click it to see a larger image preview. If you do not see a design-tHat you like, yout can download from Microsoft Office Online. 4. On right side, under Customize and Options, you can modify many desigh elements before you open the publication, for example, the color scheme and font schemé, the business information set, the page size, and the layout (see Fig. 2.49), Eanattaine ee ome oi oe bet tone Te oe ap we : co sc wri (ieonn z Invitation Cards sneetey ,| = Ee oe a Fig. 2.49: Customizing an invitation card until you\pert the publication Sone of thp side-fold cards, such as the Party, Event, and Housewarming designs, are set up for only\ene Tayout option. If you choose one of these designs, alternate page size and layout options are not Available. =| TAL you yse/a(Remnplate that you downloaded from Office Online, you cannot customize the design Information Commiriaton Technology ~ Grade 10 Student Txchook «lB 50