LEARNING MODULE IN STAT 02 (PRACTICAL STATISTICS)

AGUSAN DEL SUR STATE COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY

MAIN CAMPUS, BUNAWAN AGUSAN DEL SUR

INTRODUCTION TO COLLEGE VMGQ 1

GET READY
GOALS
Upon accomplishing this module, you will be able to:
A. identify emphasized ideas in college VMGQ;
B. justify presented course objectives, requirements and grading system;
C. recite with understanding the college vision and mission; and
D. write personal reflection on the college vision and mission.

LEARNERS
Third Year, BAT

DURATION
This module will be accomplished in 1 1/2 hours

REFERENCE
Student’s Handbook and ASSCAT at Its Best—College of Arts and Sciences Official Orientation Video
accessed through http//youtube.com

LET’S START
1

Welcome to the new academic year in ASSCAT! We are glad you are now part of the
institution as you begin the exciting educational journey of discovery. Prior to the beginning of
classes, you will engage in an overview of the complete realm of college life. Whether you are a
returnee, first-year, or transfer student, you will find exciting opportunities to enjoy college life by
learning, exploring, and engaging together.

ACTIVITY 1 ▪ Brain Twist

But before going further, let us examine first your word ability. Complete the crossword
puzzle below by filling in the boxes with letters of words defined beside the puzzle.

1 2

3 ACROSS

4 5 1. BS IT, BS Math, AB English, BS

Biology, etc.
6 4. aim or desired result
6. the college you enrolled in:
abbreviation
7. instruction, pedagogy
8. eye of the future
7
9. a scholar

DOWN
8

1. tertiary institution
2. desired purpose
3. standard of excellence
5. purpose and intention: plural
9

LET’S DISCOVER

ACTIVITY 2 ▪ First Impression

Agusan del Sur State College of Agriculture and Technology is a premier institution in Caraga
Region and among those educational intuitions present at the turn of the century. We are very
grateful that you chose this institution to spend the rest of your college years. What made you decide

COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN APPLIED MATHEMATICS
INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS DEVELOPMENT © 2020
LEARNING MODULE IN STAT 02 (PRACTICAL STATISTICS)
AGUSAN DEL SUR STATE COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY
MAIN CAMPUS, BUNAWAN AGUSAN DEL SUR

to enroll in ASSCAT? To find this out, you are tasked to write a 50-word paragraph of your description
and impression about the college.

ASSCAT: AN IMPRESSION

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LET’S LEARN

ACTIVITY 3 ▪ Our Beloved Institution

Read the texts below to discover the beginnings of Agusan del Sur State College of Agriculture
and Technology. Take note of the important events in its history and understand well its vision,
mission, goals and quality policy. As your final task in this module, you will make a reflection on the
vision, mission, goals and quality policy of the college.

THE HISTORY OF ASSCAT

ASSCAT started as a Manobo Farm School of upper Agusan in 1908. Later, it became the
Bunawan National Agricultural School on June 17 1984 through RA 301 sponsored by former
Congressman Marcos L. Calo. On June 21, 1969 it was changed into Southern Agusan National
Agricultural College (SANAC) by virtue of R.A. 5917 passed by former Congressman Jose C. Aquino.
In 1974-1975, the College offered two-year Post-Secondary Agricultural Technician
Curriculum. Commencing the first semester of school year 1992-1993, two (2) additional courses
were offered—the Bachelor of Secondary Education major in Technology and Home Economics and
the Bachelor of Elementary Education. On the same year, Congressman Ceferino S. Paredes, Jr.
sponsored to the Batasang Pambansa House Bill 1432 for the conversion of SANAC in to State College
which was also indorsed by Senator Edgardo J. Angara through Senate Bill No. 1690. On March 1,
1995 it was signed by President Fidel V. Ramos by virtue of RA 7932 converting SANAC into Agusan
del Sur State College of Agriculture and Technology (ASSCAT) offering collegiate courses in
education, engineering and agriculture.

ASSCAT VISION, MISSION, GOALS AND QUALITY POLICY

Vision

COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN APPLIED MATHEMATICS
INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS DEVELOPMENT © 2020
LEARNING MODULE IN STAT 02 (PRACTICAL STATISTICS)
AGUSAN DEL SUR STATE COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY
MAIN CAMPUS, BUNAWAN AGUSAN DEL SUR

ASSCAT as the premier agro-industrial Higher Education Institution in Caraga Region capable
of producing morally upright, competent and globally competitive human resource capable to
effectively implement sustainable development.
Mission
ASSCAT shall primarily provide higher professional, technical instructions for special
purposes and to promote research and extension services, advanced studies and progressive
leadership in agriculture, education, forestry, fishery, engineering, arts and sciences and other
relevant fields.
Goals
Implementing plans and strategies, ASSCAT has also the following goals: (1) Develop and
offer curricular programs that are relevant and responsive to the peculiar needs and urgencies of the
region; (2) Generate, develop and transfer appropriate technologies to address the needs of the
agro-industrial sector in the service area; (3) Develop disciplined, responsible, and well-trained
students to become effective citizens in the community and ready to face the challenge in the highly
competitive world of works; (4) Have a pool of service and person-oriented professional workforce
who are educationally and technologically prepared well equipped to effect desired and necessary
changes to the service area and among the clientele; (5) Acquire state-of-the-art facilities and
equipment to be attuned to the trend of the changing times; (6) Build, construct, improve and
upgrade appropriate physical facilities in harmony with the ecosystem to attain harmonious co-
existence of man and nature; (7) Adopt and institutionalized efficient, effective and judicious
utilization of resources to maximize, strengthen and sustain development and fiscal security and
autonomy; and (8) Expand networking and linkages locally, nationally and globally.
Quality Policy
Agusan del Sur State College of Agriculture and Technology’s vision to be a premier agro-
industrial Higher Education Institution in Caraga Region is fostered by the following principles: (1)
sustaining quality education experience and community engagement; (2) encouraging optimum
resource management; (3) developing an environment that is conducive for intellectual and personal
growth; and (4) generating relevant knowledge through innovative thinking.
To continually improve our Quality Management System, we commit to comply with all
applicable requirements and provide service excellence in our four-fold functions.

INSTITUTIONAL OUTCOMES
The Agusan del Sur State College of Agriculture and Technology is committed to produce (1)
globally competitive professionals who are innovative and progressive leaders in their specific fields
of specialization; (2) empowered and committed researchers and community extension specialists;
and (3) effective human resources who are capable of initiating change, nurturing intellectual and
moral values, and sustaining ecological and national development.
GRADING SYSTEM
In essence to quality, the institution has unified grading system for each subject discipline
to asses and measure student’s knowledge, learning and performance.

Criterion Reference Semestral Grade

Student’s Output 60% Midterm 40%
Term Exam 40% Final Term 60%
Total 100% Total 100%

CONCLUSION
ASSCAT continues to reap successes in the fields of academics, planning, research, extension
and resource generation that are worth remembering. It has time and again distinguished itself in
its role of catering excellence in higher education. Indeed, ASSCAT truly endeavors to withstand its
meaningful history in order to achieve its vision, mission and goals. The fervor towards a target will
remain aflame and bring further triumphs to the community and to the world as a whole in the
coming years, truly living in its tagline: ASSCAT at Its Best!

For a virtual experience on ASSCAT Vision, Mission, Goals and Quality Policy, you may visit/access
the following online platforms/social media:
YouTube :
Facebook Page :
Facebook Group :
You can also secure an electronic copy/video format from your instructor or college secretary.

COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN APPLIED MATHEMATICS
INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS DEVELOPMENT © 2020
LEARNING MODULE IN STAT 02 (PRACTICAL STATISTICS)
AGUSAN DEL SUR STATE COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY
MAIN CAMPUS, BUNAWAN AGUSAN DEL SUR

LET’S PRACTICE

ACTIVITY 4 ▪ Extend Your Understanding

The following items talk about the history of ASSCAT including its vision, mission, goals and quality
policy. Read and understand carefully each item and encircle the letter of your choice.

1. Agusan del Sur State College of Agriculture and Technology was first known as _____ through
RA 301 sponsored by former Congressman Marcos L. Calo.
A. Southern Agusan National Agricultural College
B. Manobo Farm School
C. Bunawan National Agricultural School
D. Agusan del Sur State University
2. In what year did Cong. Ceferino S. Paredes, Jr. sponsor to the Batasang Pambansa House Bill
1432 the conversion of SANAC into State College?
A. 1974 C. 1992
B. 1960 D. 1995
3. When was ASSCAT officially founded?
A. March 1, 1995 C. March 1, 1992
B. March 1, 1690 D. March 1, 1974
4. ASSCAT is an agro-industrial academic environment promoting the mandates of a higher
learning. Which of the following core competences are enhanced by the institution?
A. Instruction, research, and qualified human resources
B. Instruction, cultural heritage and research
C. Instruction, research and cultural services
D. Instruction, research, extension and production

5. Which of the following is not part of ASSCAT goals?

A. Develop and offer curricular programs that are relevant and responsive to the peculiar
needs and urgencies of the region
B. Acquire state-of-the-art facilities and equipment to be attuned to the trend of the
changing times
C. Expand networking and linkages locally, nationally and globally
D. Empowered and committed researchers and community extension specialists
6. In two consecutive years, ASSCAT has produced three topnotchers in the College of Teacher
Education. Which key in the vision statement was hit in this achievement?
A. competent C. morally upright
B. progressive leadership D. globally competitive
7. There was inconsistency in the counting of ballots for the election. One of the representatives
of the counting was seen adding figures during counting. Which quality of the Vision
statement of ASSCAT was defied in this situation?
A. competent C. morally upright
B. progressive leadership D. globally competitive
8. Bunawan, Agusan is a place where water in not sufficiently distributed throughout the areas.
Which objective is needed?
A. Develop and offer curricular programs that are relevant and responsive to the peculiar
needs and urgencies of the region;
B. Generate, develop, and transfer appropriate technologies to address the needs of the
agro-industrial sector in the service area;
C. Expand networking and linkages locally, nationally, and globally.
D. Pursue advance studies in aligned and allied courses.
9. ASSCAT’s vision to be a premier agro-industrial Higher Education in Caraga Region is fostered
by following principles, except _____.
A. Sustaining quality education experience and community engagement.
B. Encouraging optimum resource management.
C. Developing friendly society for personal growth.
D. Generating relevant knowledge through innovative thinking.
10. Which of the following qualities must be developed by an ASSCAT graduate?
A. High level of moral C. High level of confidence
B. Low level of moral and confidence D. Both A and B

COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN APPLIED MATHEMATICS
INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS DEVELOPMENT © 2020
LEARNING MODULE IN STAT 02 (PRACTICAL STATISTICS)
AGUSAN DEL SUR STATE COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY
MAIN CAMPUS, BUNAWAN AGUSAN DEL SUR

ACTIVITY 5 ▪ Forget Me Not

With the aid of the rubric below, recite the vision, mission, goals and quality policy of the Agusan del
Sur State College of Agriculture and Technology. Record your performance using any video recording
device and save it via flash drive/compact disc or send it through the Facebook Messenger.
ORAL RECITATION RUBRIC
Criteria Excellent (4) Good (3) Fair (2) Poor (1)
▪ Student is well- ▪ Student is well ▪ Student is not ▪ The student is
prepared and it prepared but the well prepared obviously
(1) is obvious that presentation of and would unprepared for
Preparation he or she the VMGQ benefit from the task. No
rehearsed. requires a few many more evidence of any
more rehearsals. rehearsal. rehearsals.
▪ The student has ▪ The student has ▪ The student has ▪ The student has
memorized the memorized the memorized the not memorized
entire VMGQ and entire VMGQ and entire VMGQ and the VMGQ
is able to is able to is able to (needs to many
present it present with just present, prompts)
(2) without error one error from however makes
Memorization which he/she three or more
recovers. error and
doesn’t recover
(needs
prompting)

▪ The student ▪ The student ▪ The student ▪ The student

speaks clearly speaks clearly. speaks clearly does not speak
and with Some minor but is, at times, clearly,
appropriate and lapses in pitch, too quiet, and/or mispronounces
(3) varied pitch and tone and volume the pitch is words and is
Clarity and tone modulation or the emotion rarely used or inaudible to the
Expression conveyed did not the emotion it audience.
fit in conveyed often
did not fit the
content.
▪ The student ▪ The student ▪ Presentation is ▪ The student
employs proper employs proper lacking two or slouches, looks
posture and posture and more of the uncomfortable
gestures, is gesture, is criteria. and makes no
relaxed and relaxed and effective contact
(4) confident, and confident, and with the
Physical maintains maintains audience at all.
Presence appropriate appropriate Tension and
audience audience contact nervousness is
contact. most of the time obvious.
or lacing in one
of these
elements.
Source: https://www.rcampus.com/rubricshowc.cfm?code=HBA542&sp=yes&

LET’S EVALUATE

ACTIVITY 5 ▪ Reflect It On!

As you read with understanding the vision, mission, goals and quality policy of the college, what
insights and ideas have you gained and pondered about? Share your interesting personal reflection
and thoughts about ASSCAT’s vision, mission, goals and quality policy. Use the rubric below as a
guide.

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COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN APPLIED MATHEMATICS
INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS DEVELOPMENT © 2020
LEARNING MODULE IN STAT 02 (PRACTICAL STATISTICS)
AGUSAN DEL SUR STATE COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY
MAIN CAMPUS, BUNAWAN AGUSAN DEL SUR

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REFLECTION PAPER RUBRIC

Criteria Excellent (10) Good (8) Fair (6) Poor (4)
▪ Content is ▪ Content is ▪ Content is not ▪ Content is
comprehensive accurate and comprehensive incomplete.
▪ Major points are persuasive. and /or ▪ Major points
stated clearly and ▪ Major points persuasive. are not clear
are well supported. are addressed, ▪ Major points and/or
▪ Responses are but not well are addressed, persuasive.
excellent, timely supported. but not well
and address ▪ Responses are supported.
(1) assignment inadequate or ▪ Responses are
Content and including course do not address inadequate or
Development concepts. assignment. do not address
▪ Content and ▪ Content is assignment.
purpose of writing inconsistent ▪ Content is
are clear. with regard to inconsistent
purpose and with regard to
clarity of purpose and
thought. clarity of
thought.
▪ Rules of grammar, ▪ Rules of ▪ Paper contains ▪ Paper contains
usage and grammar, numerous numerous
punctuation are usage and grammatical, grammatical,
followed. punctuation punctuation, punctuation,
▪ Spelling is correct. are followed and spelling and spelling
(2) ▪ Language is clear with minor errors. errors.
Grammar & and precise; error. ▪ Language ▪ Language uses
Mechanics sentences display ▪ Spelling is lacks clarity or jargon or
consistently strong, correct includes the conversational
varied structure. use of some tone.
jargon or
conversational
tone.
Source: https://www.rcampus.com/rubricshowc.cfm?sp=yes&code=L34935

KEY ANSWERS

LET’S START

ACTIVITY 1 – Brain Twist

Across
1. courses
4. goal
6. ASSCAT
7. education
8. vision
9. student

Down
1. college
2. mission
3. quality
5. objectives

COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN APPLIED MATHEMATICS
INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS DEVELOPMENT © 2020
LEARNING MODULE IN STAT 02 (PRACTICAL STATISTICS)
AGUSAN DEL SUR STATE COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY
MAIN CAMPUS, BUNAWAN AGUSAN DEL SUR

ACTIVITY – Extend Your Understanding

1. A 6. A
2. C 7. C
3. A 8. B
4. C 9. C
5. D 10. D

LESSON 2
INTRODUCTION TO STATISTICS

READY
LESSON OBJECTIVES
Upon accomplishing this module, students will be able to:
E. Demonstrate knowledge of statistical terms;
F. Differentiate between the two branches of statistics
G. Identify the types of data;
H. Identify the measurement level for each variable
I. Differentiate population and sample

TARGET SKILLS
identification, memorization

LEARNERS
Second Year, BS Applied Mathematics students

TIME FRAME
This module will be accomplished approximately in 5 hours within 1 week to complete all the activities
recommended. This is a distance learning program, thus the time frame is flexible and largely self-
directed.

REFERENCE
Bluman A. (2009). Elementary Statistics: A Step by Step Approach, 7th Edition

START
ACTIVITY 2.1: Let’s Diagnose Your Knowledge

The following items talk about the introduction to statistics that diagnose your understanding related
on the types of statistics, variables, data, and level of measurements. Read carefully each item and
encircle the letter of your choice.

1. It deals largely with calculations and graphical displays to describe important features of
the data.
A. Inferential Statistics C. Descriptive Statistics
B. Statistics D. Population
2. The number of absences per year that a worker has is an example of what type of data?
A. Nominal B. Qualitative C. Discrete D. Continuous
3. Agusan del Sur State College of Agriculture and Technology (ASSCAT) randomly selected
250 teachers to find out which online platform is the most effective. 100 teachers chose
Messenger, 85 selected Google Clasroom, 15 chose Edmodo, and 50 chose Zoom. ASSCAT
concluded that all teachers prefer Messenger. What is the population?
A. 250 teachers B. 100 teachers C. 15 teachers D. All teachers
4. Fifty bottles of water were randomly selected from a large collection of bottles in a
company’s warehouse. These fifty bottles are referred to as the
A. Parameter B. Population C. Sample D. Statistic
5. Which of the following is not a category that is used to distinguish between different types
of variable

COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN APPLIED MATHEMATICS
INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS DEVELOPMENT © 2020
LEARNING MODULE IN STAT 02 (PRACTICAL STATISTICS)
AGUSAN DEL SUR STATE COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY
MAIN CAMPUS, BUNAWAN AGUSAN DEL SUR

A. Categorical B. Continuous C. Discrete D. Continuum

6. For the variable “Colour” of the respondents eyes, which has the available answers;
Brown, Blue, Green, and Other, how many levels of this variable would the researcher
identify for coding the data?
A. 3 B. 4 C. 6 D. 7
7. Marital status of faculty members in ASSCAT, classify as
A. Qualitative C. Quantitative
B. C. Both A and B D. None of the Above
8. The result of IQ test, classify as
A. Nominal B. Ordinal C. Interval D. Ratio
9. “Amount of fat (in grams) in cookies”. Which level of measurement is most appropriate for
this data?
A. Nominal B. Ordinal C. Interval D. Ratio
10. Data that can be classified according to color are measured on what scale?
A. Nominal B. Ordinal C. Interval D. Ratio

(For answers key, see attachments)

DISCOVER
ACTIVITY 2.2: STATISTICS INQUIRY
The following items talk about the introduction to statistics that diagnose your understanding related
on the types of statistics, variables, data, and level of measurements.

ATTENDANCE AND GRADES

Read the following on attendance and grades, and answer the questions.

A study conducted at Agusan del Sur State College of Agriculture and Technology
(ASSCAT) revealed that students who attended class 95 to 100% of the time usually received an A
in the class. Students who attended class 80 to 90% of the time usually received a B or C in the
class. Students who attended class less than 80% of the time usually received a D or an F or
eventually withdrew from the class. Based on this information, attendance and grades are related.
The more you attend class, the more likely you will receive a higher grade. If you improve your
attendance, your grades will probably improve. Many factors affect your grade in a course. One
factor that you have considerable control over is attendance. You can increase your opportunities
for learning by attending class more often.

1. What are the variables under study?

2. What are the data in the study?
3. Are descriptive, inferential, or both types of statistics used?
4. What is the population under study?
5. Was a sample collected? If so, from where?

SAFE TRAVEL

Read the following information about the transportation industry and the questions.
The chart shows the number of job-related injuries for each of the transportation industries for 2019.

Industry Number of Injuries

Railroad 4520
Intercity bus 5100
Subway 6850
Trucking 7144
Airline 9950

1. What are the variables under study?

COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN APPLIED MATHEMATICS
INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS DEVELOPMENT © 2020
LEARNING MODULE IN STAT 02 (PRACTICAL STATISTICS)
AGUSAN DEL SUR STATE COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY
MAIN CAMPUS, BUNAWAN AGUSAN DEL SUR

2. Categorize each variable as quantitative or qualitative.

3. Categorize each quantitative variable as discrete or continuous.
4. Identify the level of measurement for each variable.
5. The railroad is shown as the safest transportation industry. Does that mean railroads have
fewer accidents than the other industries? Explain.
6. What factors other than safety influence a person’s choice of transportation?

LEARN
ACTIVITY 2.3: EXPAND YOUR KNOWLEDGE
See the attached factsheets on the Introduction to Statistics. Read the text carefully and take note
of the essential key terms that will help you understand the concepts presented.

My Notes:
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COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN APPLIED MATHEMATICS
INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS DEVELOPMENT © 2020
LEARNING MODULE IN STAT 02 (PRACTICAL STATISTICS)
AGUSAN DEL SUR STATE COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY
MAIN CAMPUS, BUNAWAN AGUSAN DEL SUR

EXAMINE
ACTIVITY 2.4: ONE MORE TRY
The following items talk about the introduction to statistics that diagnose your understanding related
on the types of statistics, variables, data, and level of measurements. Read carefully each item and
encircle the letter of your choice.

1. It deals largely with calculations and graphical displays to describe important features of
the data.
A. Inferential Statistics C. Descriptive Statistics
B. Statistics D. Population
2. The number of absences per year that a worker has is an example of what type of data?
A. Nominal B. Qualitative C. Discrete D. Continuous
3. Agusan del Sur State College of Agriculture and Technology (ASSCAT) randomly selected
250 teachers to find out which online platform is the most effective. 100 teachers chose
Messenger, 85 selected Google Clasroom, 15 chose Edmodo, and 50 chose Zoom. ASSCAT
concluded that all teachers prefer Messenger. What is the population?
A. 250 teachers B. 100 teachers C. 15 teachers D. All teachers
4. Fifty bottles of water were randomly selected from a large collection of bottles in a
company’s warehouse. These fifty bottles are referred to as the
A. Parameter B. Population C. Sample D. Statistic
5. Which of the following is not a category that is used to distinguish between different types
of variable
A. Categorical B. Continuous C. Discrete D. Continuum
6. For the variable “Colour” of the respondent’s eyes, which has the available answers;
Brown, Blue, Green, and Other, how many levels of this variable would the researcher
identify for coding the data?
A. 3 B. 4 C. 6 D. 7
7. Marital status of faculty members in ASSCAT, classify as
A. Qualitative C. Quantitative
B. Both A and B D. None of the Above
8. The result of IQ test, classify as
A. Nominal B. Ordinal C. Interval D. Ratio
9. “Amount of fat (in grams) in cookies”. Which level of measurement is most appropriate for
this data?
A. Nominal B. Ordinal C. Interval D. Ratio
10. Data that can be classified according to color are measured on what scale?
A. Nominal B. Ordinal C. Interval D. Ratio

EVALUATE
ACTIVITY 2.5: We CATEGORIZE!
In each of these statements, identify the type of data (quantitative-discrete, quantitative
continuous, or qualitative) that would be used to describe the response.

1. In the year 2019, 4,588 students will be enrolled in ASSCAT.

2. Nine out of ten on-the-job fatalities are men.
3. Expenditures for the cable industry were 1.55 million in 2018.
4. The median monthly allowance for students in ASSCAT aged 19–22 is 3,050.
5. Drinking decaffeinated coffee can raise cholesterol levels by 7%.
6. Number of bicycles sold in 1 year by a large sporting goods store.
7. Times it takes to cut a lawn.
8. Capacity in cubic feet of six truck beds.
9. Classification of children in a day care center (infant, toddler, preschool).

COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN APPLIED MATHEMATICS
INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS DEVELOPMENT © 2020
LEARNING MODULE IN STAT 02 (PRACTICAL STATISTICS)
AGUSAN DEL SUR STATE COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY
MAIN CAMPUS, BUNAWAN AGUSAN DEL SUR

10. Weights of fish caught in Lake George.

ACTIVITY 2.6: We CLASSIFY!

Classify each as nominal-level, ordinal-level, interval level, or ratio-level measurement.

1. Pages in the city of Cleveland telephone book.

2. Rankings of tennis players.
3. Weights of air conditioners.
4. Temperatures inside 10 refrigerators.
5. Salaries of the top five CEOs in the United States.
6. Ratings of eight local plays (poor, fair, good, excellent).
7. Times required for mechanics to do a tune-up.
8. Ages of students in a classroom.
9. Marital status of patients in a physician’s office.
10. Horsepower of tractor engines

ACTIVITY 2.7: Let’s identify!

Insurance companies are interested in the average health costs each year for their clients, so that
they can determine the costs of health insurance. Define the following in terms of the study. Give
examples where appropriate.

1. Population
2. Sample
3. Parameter
4. Statistic
5. Variable
6. Data

LESSON 3
COLLECTION AND PRESENTATION OF DATA

READY
LESSON OBJECTIVES
At the end of the module, you are expected to
A. Determine the methods in collecting data
B. Identify the types of sampling techniques of probability and non-probability
C. Recognize the steps in making frequency distribution table
D. Identify the kinds of graphs or diagrams

TARGET SKILLS
Understanding; Patience; Perseverance; Cooperation; Resourcefulness

LEARNERS
Second Year, BS Applied Mathematics students

TIME FRAME
This module will be accomplished approximately in 5 hours within 1 week to complete all the activities
recommended. This is a distance learning program, thus the time frame is flexible and largely self-
directed.

REFERENCE
Bluman A. (2009). Elementary Statistics: A Step by Step Approach, 7th Edition

START
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN APPLIED MATHEMATICS
INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS DEVELOPMENT © 2020
LEARNING MODULE IN STAT 02 (PRACTICAL STATISTICS)
AGUSAN DEL SUR STATE COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY
MAIN CAMPUS, BUNAWAN AGUSAN DEL SUR

3.1 How Your Identity Can Be Stolen?

Identity fraud is a big business today. The total amount of the fraud in 2006 was $56.6 billion.
The average amount of the fraud for a victim is $6383, and the average time to correct the problem
is 40 hours. The ways in which a person’s identity can be stolen are presented in the following table:

Lost or stolen wallet, checkbook, or credit card 38%

Friends, acquaintances 15
Corrupt business employees 15
Computer viruses and hackers 9
Stolen mail or fraudulent change of address 8
Online purchases or transactions 4
Other methods 11

Looking at the numbers presented in a table does not have the same impact as presenting numbers
in a well-drawn chart or graph. The article did not include any graphs. This chapter will show you how
to construct appropriate graphs to represent data and help you to get your point across to your
audience.

DISCOVER
ACTIVITY 3.2: Refer to the given and answer the follow-up questions
The data represent the ages of our Presidents at the time they were first inaugurated.

57 61 57 57 58 57 61 54 68
51 49 64 50 48 65 52 56 46
54 49 50 47 55 55 54 42 51
56 55 54 51 60 62 43 55 56
61 52 69 64 46 54

1. Were the data obtained from a population or a sample? Explain your answer.
2. What was the age of the oldest President?
3. What was the age of the youngest President?
4. Construct a frequency distribution for the data. (Use your own judgment as to the number of
classes and class size.)
5. Are there any peaks in the distribution?
6. ldentify any possible outliers.
7. Write a brief summary of the nature of the data as shown in the frequency distribution.

LEARN
ACTIVITY 3.3: EXPAND YOUR KNOWLEDGE
See the attached factsheets on the Collection and Presentation of Data. Read it carefully and take note
of the essential key terms that will help you understand the concepts presented.

My Notes
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COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN APPLIED MATHEMATICS
INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS DEVELOPMENT © 2020
LEARNING MODULE IN STAT 02 (PRACTICAL STATISTICS)
AGUSAN DEL SUR STATE COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY
MAIN CAMPUS, BUNAWAN AGUSAN DEL SUR

__________________________________________________________________________________
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EXAMINE
ACTIVITY 3.4: ONE MORE TRY
The following items describe the internal and external history of the English language. Read carefully
each item and encircle the letter of your choice.

1. What do you call the graph which uses horizontal or vertical bars to represent data?

a. Bar Graph b. Line Graph c. Pictograph d. Pie graph

2. _______ is calles a "pie chart"

a. b. c. d.

3. Which best describe a pie chart?

a. A graph that uses picture. b. It is a visual representation of data.

c. It is a circle. d. It is used to show how all the parts of something are

relate to the whole.

4. Why is it important to present the information in a picture form?

a. To be attractive in the eye of the audience.
b. To analyze and interpret figure or large number at a glance.
c. To show how artistic the presentor is.
d. To easily discuss the information.

For number 5- 7, determine if the given data is discreet or continuous

5. Number of sophomores in school
6. Color of your shirt
7. Numbers of hours of sleep you get last night

For numbers 8-10, identify the level of measurement.

8. Taos, Acoma, Zuni, and Cochiti are the names of four Native American pueblos from the
population of pueblos in Arizona and New Mexico. Identify the data level.
9. Students in a class could rate a movie on the scale below.

COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN APPLIED MATHEMATICS
INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS DEVELOPMENT © 2020
LEARNING MODULE IN STAT 02 (PRACTICAL STATISTICS)
AGUSAN DEL SUR STATE COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY
MAIN CAMPUS, BUNAWAN AGUSAN DEL SUR

10. Income earned in a week.

EVALUATE
ACTIVITY 3.5:
The marks obtained out of 25 by 30 students of a class in the examination are given below.
20, 6, 23, 19, 9, 14, 15, 3, 1, 12, 10, 20, 13, 3, 17, 10, 11, 6, 21, 9, 6, 10, 9, 4, 5, 1, 5, 11, 7, 24
Construct a frequency distribution table.

ACTIVITY 3.6:
Refer to the given in activity 5. Construct a frequency polygon, histogram and ogive.

COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN APPLIED MATHEMATICS
INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS DEVELOPMENT © 2020
LEARNING MODULE IN STAT 02 (PRACTICAL STATISTICS)
AGUSAN DEL SUR STATE COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY
MAIN CAMPUS, BUNAWAN AGUSAN DEL SUR

LESSON 8
ESTIMATION

READY
LESSON OBJECTIVES
1. Upon accomplishing this module, students will be able to:
2. Understand the concepts used by estimation
3. Find the confidence interval to estimate mean
4. Construct a confidence interval to estimate a difference in two means
5. Find the confidence interval to estimate proportions
6. Construct a confidence interval to estimate a difference in two proportions

TARGET SKILLS
identification, memorization

LEARNERS
Second Year, BS Applied Mathematics students

TIME FRAME
This module will be accomplished approximately in 10 hours within 2 weeks to complete all the
activities recommended. This is a distance learning program, thus the time frame is flexible and
largely self-directed.

REFERENCE
Bluman A. (2009). Elementary Statistics: A Step by Step Approach, 7th Edition, pp. 1-9

START
ACTIVITY 8.1: Let’s Diagnose Your Knowledge

The following items talk about the introduction to statistics that diagnose your understanding related
on the point estimates and confidence interval. Read carefully each item and encircle the letter of
your choice.

1. Which of the following statements are correct?

A. A point estimate is an estimate of the range of a population parameter
B. A point estimate is an unbiased estimator if its standard deviation is the same as
the actual value of the population standard deviation
C. A point estimate is a single value estimate of the value of a population parameter
D. All of the above statements are correct
2. A confidence interval is defined as:
A. A point estimate plus or minus a specific level of confidence
B. A lower and upper confidence limit associated with a specific level of confidence
C. An interval that has a 95% probability of containing the population parameter
D. An interval used used to infer something about an unknown sample statistic value
3. A 95% confidence interval for the population mean is calculated to be 75.29 to 81.45. If the
confidence level is reduced to 90%, the confidence interval will:
A. Become narrower C. Remain the same
B. Become wider D. Double in size
4. In the formula for the confidence interval, zα/2 is part of the formula. What does the
subscript α/2
A. The level of confidence
B. The level of significance
C. The probability that the confidence interval will contain the population mean
D. The area in the lower tail or upper tail of the sampling distribution of the sample
mean
5. What value of z would you use to calculate the 80% confidence interval for a population
mean, given that you know the population standard deviation, the sample size and the
sample mean of your sample?

COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN APPLIED MATHEMATICS
INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS DEVELOPMENT © 2020
LEARNING MODULE IN STAT 02 (PRACTICAL STATISTICS)
AGUSAN DEL SUR STATE COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY
MAIN CAMPUS, BUNAWAN AGUSAN DEL SUR

A. z = 1.96 B. z = 2.58 C. z = 0.84 D. z = 1.28

6. Sand is packed into bags which are then weighed on scales. It is known that if full bags of
sand are intended to weigh μ kg, then the weight recorded by the scales will be normally
distributed with a mean μ kg and a standard deviation of 0.36kg. A particular bag of sand
was weighed four times and the weight recorded each time was different. The sample
mean weight was recorded as 34.7kg. What is a 95% confidence interval for the true
weight of the full bag of sand?

A. 34.35 kg to 35.05 kg C. 34.21 kg to 35.19 kg

B. 35.85 kg to 36.55 kg D. 34.48 kg to 34.92 kg
7. After constructing a confidence interval estimate for a population mean, you believe that
the interval useless because it is too wide. In order to correct this problem, you need to:
A. Increase the population and standard deviation C. Increase the sample size
B. Increase the level of confidence D. Increase the sample mean
8. The boundaries of a confidence interval is called
A. Confidence levels C. The test statistics
B. The degrees of freedom D. The confidence limits

(For answers key, see attachments)

DISCOVER
ACTIVITY 8.2: Estimation INQUIRY
The following items talk about the estimation that diagnose your understanding related on the point
estimates and confidence interval.

Read the following on attendance and grades, and answer the questions.

1. What is the difference between a point estimate and an interval estimate of a parameter?
Which is better? Why?
2. What information is necessary to calculate a confidence interval?
3. What is the maximum error of the estimate?
4. What is meant by the 95% confidence interval of the mean?
5. In determining the sample size for a confidence interval, is the size of the population
relevant?

ACTIVITY 8.3: EXPAND YOUR KNOWLEDGE

LEARN
See the attached factsheets on the Estimation. Read the text carefully and take note of the essential
key terms that will help you understand the concepts presented.

My Notes:
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

EXAMINE COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN APPLIED MATHEMATICS
INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS DEVELOPMENT © 2020
LEARNING MODULE IN STAT 02 (PRACTICAL STATISTICS)
AGUSAN DEL SUR STATE COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY
MAIN CAMPUS, BUNAWAN AGUSAN DEL SUR

ACTIVITY 8.4: ONE MORE TRY

The following items talk about the introduction to statistics that diagnose your understanding related
on the point estimates and confidence interval. Read carefully each item and encircle the letter of
your choice.

1. Which of the following statements are correct?

A. A point estimate is an estimate of the range of a population parameter
B. A point estimate is an unbiased estimator if its standard deviation is the same as
the actual value of the population standard deviation
C. A point estimate is a single value estimate of the value of a population parameter
D. All of the above statements are correct
2. A confidence interval is defined as:
A. A point estimate plus or minus a specific level of confidence
B. A lower and upper confidence limit associated with a specific level of confidence
C. An interval that has a 95% probability of containing the population parameter
D. An interval used used to infer something about an unknown sample statistic value
3. A 95% confidence interval for the population mean is calculated to be 75.29 to 81.45. If the
confidence level is reduced to 90%, the confidence interval will:
A. Become narrower C. Remain the same
B. Become wider D. Double in size
4. In the formula for the confidence interval, zα/2 is part of the formula. What does the
subscript α/2
A. The level of confidence
B. The level of significance
C. The probability that the confidence interval will contain the population mean
D. The area in the lower tail or upper tail of the sampling distribution of the sample
mean
5. What value of z would you use to calculate the 80% confidence interval for a population
mean, given that you know the population standard deviation, the sample size and the
sample mean of your sample?
A. z = 1.96 B. z = 2.58 C. z = 0.84 D. z = 1.28

6. Sand is packed into bags which are then weighed on scales. It is known that if full bags of
sand are intended to weigh μ kg, then the weight recorded by the scales will be normally
distributed with a mean μ kg and a standard deviation of 0.36kg. A particular bag of sand
was weighed four times and the weight recorded each time was different. The sample
mean weight was recorded as 34.7kg. What is a 95% confidence interval for the true
weight of the full bag of sand?

A. 34.35 kg to 35.05 kg C. 34.21 kg to 35.19 kg

B. 35.85 kg to 36.55 kg D. 34.48 kg to 34.92 kg
7. After constructing a confidence interval estimate for a population mean, you believe that
the interval useless because it is too wide. In order to correct this problem, you need to:
A. Increase the population and standard deviation C. Increase the sample size
B. Increase the level of confidence D. Increase the sample mean
8. The boundaries of a confidence interval is called
A. Confidence levels C. The test statistics
B. The degrees of freedom D. The confidence limits

EVALUATE
ACTIVITY 8.5: lets solve!
1. Find each.
A. zα/2 for the 99% confidence interval
B. zα/2 for the 98% confidence interval
C. zα/2 for the 95% confidence interval

COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN APPLIED MATHEMATICS
INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS DEVELOPMENT © 2020
LEARNING MODULE IN STAT 02 (PRACTICAL STATISTICS)
AGUSAN DEL SUR STATE COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY
MAIN CAMPUS, BUNAWAN AGUSAN DEL SUR

D. zα/2 for the 90% confidence interval

E. zα/2 for the 94% confidence interval
2. Number of Faculty. The numbers of faculty at 32 randomly selected state-controlled
colleges and universities with enrollment under 12,000 students are shown below. Use
these data to estimate the mean number of faculty at all state-controlled colleges and
universities with enrollment under 12,000 with 92% confidence. Assume
211 384 396 211 224 337 395 121 356 471 159
621 367 408 515 280 289 180 431 176 638 324
318 836 203 374 224 121 412 134 539 425
3. Reading Scores. A sample of the reading scores of 35 fifth-graders has a mean of 82. The
standard deviation of the population is 15.
A. Find the best point estimate of the mean.
B. Find the 95% confidence interval of the mean reading scores of all fifth-graders.
C. Find the 99% confidence interval of the mean reading scores of all fifth-graders.
D. Which interval is larger? Explain why

LESSON 9
TESTS OF HYPOTHESIS

READY
LESSON OBJECTIVES
1. Understand the concept used in statistical hypothesis testing.
2. State the null and alternative hypotheses on the population mean
3. State the null and alternative hypotheses on the population mean
4. Test the difference between two means, using z test
5. Test of difference between two proportions
6. Test of independence, using chi-square

TARGET SKILLS
identification, memorization

LEARNERS
Second Year, BS Applied Mathematics students

TIME FRAME
This module will be accomplished approximately in 10 hours within 2 weeks to complete all the
activities recommended. This is a distance learning program, thus the time frame is flexible and
largely self-directed.

REFERENCE
Bluman A. (2009). Elementary Statistics: A Step by Step Approach, 7th Edition, pp. 1-9

START

COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN APPLIED MATHEMATICS
INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS DEVELOPMENT © 2020
LEARNING MODULE IN STAT 02 (PRACTICAL STATISTICS)
AGUSAN DEL SUR STATE COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY
MAIN CAMPUS, BUNAWAN AGUSAN DEL SUR

ACTIVITY 8.1: Let’s Diagnose Your Knowledge

The following items talk about the hypothesis testing that diagnose your understanding related on
the null and alternative hypotheses based on the variables. Read carefully each item and encircle the
letter of your choice.

1. In testing a hypothesis, the collection and examination of the data should precede the
formulation of statements for the null and alternative hypothesis. T
2. The value that separates a rejection from non-rejection is called the p-value. F
3. For a given level of significance, if the sample size is increased, the power of the test will
decrease. F
4. The power of a test is the probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when the null is really
true. F
5. If the level of significance is chosen to be 5% and the p-value test is 0.044, then the null
hypothesis should be rejected. T
6. If the null hypothesis is rejected, then one can conclude that the alternative is supported by
the observed findings. T
7. One should reach the same conclusions in the conduct of a hypothesis test, regardless of
whether one is using the critical-value approach, or the p-value approach to hypothesis
testing. T
8. The risk of committing a Type I error is higher when the level of significance selected is
0.01, compared to a level of significance of 0.05. F
9. The z-statistic is a numeric quantity computed from the data of a sample and the
hypothesized population parameter, and is used in reaching a decision on whether or not
to reject the null hypothesis. T
10. The larger the difference between the actual value of the population mean and the value
hypothesized, the larger the beta will be. F

(For answers key, see attachments)

DISCOVER
ACTIVITY 8.2: Estimation INQUIRY
The following items talk about the null and alternative hypotheses based on the variables that
diagnose your understanding based on hypothesis testing.

Read each statements, and answer the questions.

1. What is meant by null and alternative hypothesis?

2. What is meant by a type I error? A type II error? How they are related?
3. What is meant by statistical test?
4. Explain the difference between a one-tailed and a two-tailed tests?
5. What is meant by critical region? The non-critical region?

LEARN
ACTIVITY 8.3: EXPAND YOUR KNOWLEDGE
See the attached factsheets on the Estimation. Read the text carefully and take note of the essential
key terms that will help you understand the concepts presented.

My Notes:
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________

COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN APPLIED MATHEMATICS
INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS DEVELOPMENT © 2020
LEARNING MODULE IN STAT 02 (PRACTICAL STATISTICS)
AGUSAN DEL SUR STATE COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY
MAIN CAMPUS, BUNAWAN AGUSAN DEL SUR

__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

EXAMINE
ACTIVITY 8.4: ONE MORE TRY
The following items talk about the hypothesis testing that diagnose your understanding related on
the null and alternative hypotheses based on the variables. Read carefully each item and encircle the
letter of your choice.

1. In testing a hypothesis, the collection and examination of the data should precede the
formulation of statements for the null and alternative hypothesis. T
2. The value that separates a rejection from non-rejection is called the p-value. F
3. For a given level of significance, if the sample size is increased, the power of the test will
decrease. F
4. The power of a test is the probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when the null is really
true. F
5. If the level of significance is chosen to be 5% and the p-value test is 0.044, then the null
hypothesis should be rejected. T
6. If the null hypothesis is rejected, then one can conclude that the alternative is supported by
the observed findings. T
7. One should reach the same conclusions in the conduct of a hypothesis test, regardless of
whether one is using the critical-value approach, or the p-value approach to hypothesis
testing. T
8. The risk of committing a Type I error is higher when the level of significance selected is
0.01, compared to a level of significance of 0.05. F
9. The z-statistic is a numeric quantity computed from the data of a sample and the
hypothesized population parameter, and is used in reaching a decision on whether or not
to reject the null hypothesis. T
10. The larger the difference between the actual value of the population mean and the value
hypothesized, the larger the beta will be. F

EVALUATE
ACTIVITY 8.5: let’s solve!

1. Using the z table (Table E), find the critical value (or values) for each.
a. α = 0.05, two-tailed test f. α = 0.01, left-tailed test
b. α = 0.005, right-tailed test g. α = 0.01, right-tailed test
c. α = 0.05, left-tailed test h. α = 0.02, left-tailed test
d. α = 0.05, right-tailed test i. α = 0.01, two-tailed test
e. α = 0.04, left-tailed test j. α = 0.02, right-tailed test

2. For each conjecture, state the null and alternative hypotheses.

a. The average age of community college students is 24.6 years.
b. The average income of accountants is $51,497.
c. The average age of attorneys is greater than 25.4 years.
d. The average score of 50 high school basketball games is less than 88.
e. The average pulse rate of male marathon runners is less than 70 beats per
minute.
f. The average cost of a DVD player is $79.95.
g. The average weight loss for a sample of people who exercise 30 minutes per day
for 6 weeks is 8.2 pounds.

For Exercises 3 and 4. Perform each of the following steps.

a) State the hypotheses and identify the claim.
b) Find the critical value(s).

COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN APPLIED MATHEMATICS
INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS DEVELOPMENT © 2020
LEARNING MODULE IN STAT 02 (PRACTICAL STATISTICS)
AGUSAN DEL SUR STATE COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY
MAIN CAMPUS, BUNAWAN AGUSAN DEL SUR

c) Compute the test value.

d) Make the decision.
e) Summarize the results.

3. An increase in walking has been shown to contribute to a healthier life-style. A sedentary

American takes an average of 5000 steps per day (and 65% of Americans are overweight).
A group of health-conscious employees of a large health care system volunteered to wear
pedometers for a month to record their steps. It was found that a random sample of 40
walkers took an average of 5430 steps per day, and the population standard deviation is
600 steps. At α = 0.05 can it be concluded that they walked more than the mean number of
5000 steps per day?

4. The average 1-year-old (both genders) is 29 inches tall. A random sample of 30 one-year-
olds in a large day care franchise resulted in the following heights. At α = 0.05, can it be
concluded that the average height differs from 29 inches? Assume σ = 2.61.

25 32 35 25 30 26.5 26 25.5 29.5 32

30 28.5 30 32 28 31.5 29 29.5 30 34
29 32 27 28 33 28 27 32 29 29.5

5. State whether the null hypothesis should be rejected on the basis of the given P-value.
a. P-value = 0.258, α = 0.05, one-tailed test
b. P-value = 0.0684, α =0.10, two-tailed test
c. P-value = 0.0153, α = 0.01, one-tailed test
d. P-value = 0.0232, α = 0.05, two-tailed test
e. P-value = 0.002, α = 0.01, one-tailed test
6. A researcher claims that the yearly consumption of soft drinks per person is 52 gallons. In a
sample of 50 randomly selected people, the mean of the yearly consumption was 56.3
gallons. The standard deviation of the population is 3.5 gallons. Find the P-value for the
test. On the basis of the P-value, is the researcher’s claim valid?

7. A study found that the average stopping distance of a school bus traveling 50 miles per hour
was 264 feet. A group of automotive engineers decided to conduct a study of its school
buses and found that for 20 buses, the average stopping distance of buses traveling 50 miles
per hour was 262.3 feet. The standard deviation of the population was 3 feet. Test the claim
that the average stopping distance of the company’s buses is actually less than 264 feet.
Find the P-value. On the basis of the P-value, should the null hypothesis be rejected at α =
0.01? Assume that the variable is normally distributed.

LESSON 10
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN APPLIED MATHEMATICS
INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS DEVELOPMENT © 2020
LEARNING MODULE IN STAT 02 (PRACTICAL STATISTICS)
AGUSAN DEL SUR STATE COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY
MAIN CAMPUS, BUNAWAN AGUSAN DEL SUR

Regression and correlation

READY
LESSON OBJECTIVES
1. Compute the correlation coefficient of the data
2. Test the hypothesis on the correlation coefficient
3. Compute the equation of the regression line
4. Compute the coefficient of determination
5. Find a prediction interval

TARGET SKILLS
identification, memorization

LEARNERS
Second Year, BS Applied Mathematics students

TIME FRAME
This module will be accomplished approximately in 10 hours within 2 weeks to complete all the
activities recommended. This is a distance learning program, thus the time frame is flexible and
largely self-directed.

REFERENCE
Bluman A. (2009). Elementary Statistics: A Step by Step Approach, 7th Edition, pp. 1-9

START
ACTIVITY 8.1: Let’s Diagnose Your Knowledge

The following items talk about the hypothesis testing that diagnose your understanding related on
the null and alternative hypotheses based on the variables. Read carefully each item and encircle the
letter of your choice.

1. The dependent variable is the variable that is being described, predicted, or controlled. T
2. A simple linear regression model is an equation that describes the straight-line relationship
between a dependent variable and an independent variable. T
3. The residual is the difference between the observed value of the dependent variable and the
predicted value of the dependent variable. T
4. When using simple regression analysis, if there is a strong correlation between the
independent and dependent variable, then we can conclude that an increase in the value of
the independent variable causes an increase in the value of the dependent variable. F
5. In a simple linear regression model, the correlation coefficient not only indicates the strength
of the relationship between independent and dependent variable, but also shows whether
the relationship is positive or negative. T
6. If r = -1, then we can conclude that there is a perfect relationship between X and Y. T
7. The slope of the simple linear regression equation represents the average change in the value
of the dependent variable per unit change in the independent variable (X). T

8. The least squares simple linear regression line minimizes the sum of the vertical deviations
between the line and the data points. F
9. The notation Ŷ refers to the average value of the dependent variable Y. F
10. A significant positive correlation between X and Y implies that changes in X cause Y to
change. F
11. The estimated simple linear regression equation minimizes the sum of the squared
deviations between each value of Y and the line. T

(For answers key, see attachments)

COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN APPLIED MATHEMATICS
INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS DEVELOPMENT © 2020
LEARNING MODULE IN STAT 02 (PRACTICAL STATISTICS)
AGUSAN DEL SUR STATE COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY
MAIN CAMPUS, BUNAWAN AGUSAN DEL SUR

DISCOVER
ACTIVITY 8.2: Estimation INQUIRY
The following items talk about the null and alternative hypotheses based on the variables that
diagnose your understanding based on hypothesis testing.

Read each statements, and answer the questions.

1. What two things should be done before performing the regression analysis and
correlation?
2. What is meant by the line of best fit?
3. What is the relationship between the sign of the correlation coefficient and the sign of the
slope of the regression line?
4. As the value of the correlation coefficient increases to 0 to 1, or decreases to 0 to -1, how
do the points of the scatter plot fit the regression line?
5. If the value of r is not significant, what can be said about the regression line?

LEARN
ACTIVITY 8.3: EXPAND YOUR KNOWLEDGE
See the attached factsheets on the Estimation. Read the text carefully and take note of the essential
key terms that will help you understand the concepts presented.

My Notes:
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

EXAMINE
ACTIVITY 8.4: ONE MORE TRY
The following items talk about the hypothesis testing that diagnose your understanding related on
the null and alternative hypotheses based on the variables. Read carefully each item and encircle the
letter of your choice.

1. The dependent variable is the variable that is being described, predicted, or controlled. T
2. A simple linear regression model is an equation that describes the straight-line relationship
between a dependent variable and an independent variable. T
3. The residual is the difference between the observed value of the dependent variable and the
predicted value of the dependent variable. T
4. When using simple regression analysis, if there is a strong correlation between the
independent and dependent variable, then we can conclude that an increase in the value of
the independent variable causes an increase in the value of the dependent variable. F
5. In a simple linear regression model, the correlation coefficient not only indicates the strength

COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN APPLIED MATHEMATICS
INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS DEVELOPMENT © 2020
LEARNING MODULE IN STAT 02 (PRACTICAL STATISTICS)
AGUSAN DEL SUR STATE COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY
MAIN CAMPUS, BUNAWAN AGUSAN DEL SUR

of the relationship between independent and dependent variable, but also shows whether
the relationship is positive or negative. T
6. If r = -1, then we can conclude that there is a perfect relationship between X and Y. T
7. The slope of the simple linear regression equation represents the average change in the value
of the dependent variable per unit change in the independent variable (X). T

8. The least squares simple linear regression line minimizes the sum of the vertical deviations
between the line and the data points. F
9. The notation Ŷ refers to the average value of the dependent variable Y. F
10. A significant positive correlation between X and Y implies that changes in X cause Y to
change. F
11. The estimated simple linear regression equation minimizes the sum of the squared
deviations between each value of Y and the line. T

EVALUATE
ACTIVITY 8.5: let’s solve!

In a study on speed and braking distance, researchers looked for a method to estimate how
fast a person was traveling before an accident by measuring the length of the skid marks. An area
that was focused on in the study was the distance required to completely stop a vehicle at various
speeds. Use the following table to answer the questions.

MPH Braking Distance (feet)

20 20
30 45
40 81
50 133
60 205
80 411

Assume MPH is going to be used to predict stopping distance.

1. Find the linear regression equation.

2. What does the slope tell you about MPH and the braking distance? How about the
y intercept?
3. Find the braking distance when MPH=45.
4. Find the braking distance when MPH=100.
5. Comment on predicting beyond the given data values.

COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN APPLIED MATHEMATICS
INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS DEVELOPMENT © 2020
LEARNING MODULE IN STAT 02 (PRACTICAL STATISTICS)
AGUSAN DEL SUR STATE COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY
MAIN CAMPUS, BUNAWAN AGUSAN DEL SUR

LESSON 11
Analysis of variance

READY
LESSON OBJECTIVES
1. Use the one-way ANOVA technique to determine if there is a significant difference among
three or more means
2. Determine which means differ, using the Scheffe or Turkey test if the null hypothesis is
rejected in the ANOVA
3. Use the two-way ANOVA technique to determine if there is a significant difference in the
main effects or interaction

TARGET SKILLS
identification, memorization

LEARNERS
Second Year, BS Applied Mathematics students

TIME FRAME
This module will be accomplished approximately in 10 hours within 2 weeks to complete all the
activities recommended. This is a distance learning program, thus the time frame is flexible and
largely self-directed.

REFERENCE
Bluman A. (2009). Elementary Statistics: A Step by Step Approach, 7th Edition, pp. 1-9

START
ACTIVITY 9.1: Let’s Diagnose Your Knowledge

COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN APPLIED MATHEMATICS
INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS DEVELOPMENT © 2020
LEARNING MODULE IN STAT 02 (PRACTICAL STATISTICS)
AGUSAN DEL SUR STATE COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY
MAIN CAMPUS, BUNAWAN AGUSAN DEL SUR

The following items talk about the analysis of variance that diagnose your understanding related on
the concept of determining the difference between the means. Read carefully each item and choose
your answer in the picture below.

1. A collection of statistical models and their associated estimation procedures used to

analyze the differences among group means in a sample.
2. A statistical test used to compare the means of two group.
3. Determine if the groups have similar mean.
4. Testable on the basis of observing a process that is modeled via a set of random variables.
5. Samples that are selected randomly so that its observations do not depend on the values
other observations.
6. Specifies a range of values within which the difference between the means of the two
populations may lie.

(For answers key, see attachments)

DISCOVER
ACTIVITY 9.2: Estimation INQUIRY
The following items talk about the null and alternative hypotheses based on the variables that
diagnose your understanding based on hypothesis testing.

Read each statements, and answer the questions.

1. What test is used to compare three or more means?

2. State three reasons why multiple t tests cannot be used to compare three or more means.
3. What are the assumptions for ANOVA?
4. State the hypotheses used in the ANOVA test.
5. When there is no significant difference among three or more means, the value of F will be
close to what number?

LEARN
ACTIVITY 9.3: EXPAND YOUR KNOWLEDGE

COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN APPLIED MATHEMATICS
INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS DEVELOPMENT © 2020
LEARNING MODULE IN STAT 02 (PRACTICAL STATISTICS)
AGUSAN DEL SUR STATE COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY
MAIN CAMPUS, BUNAWAN AGUSAN DEL SUR

See the attached factsheets on the Analysis of Variance. Read the text carefully and take note of the
essential key terms that will help you understand the concepts presented.

My Notes:
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EXAMINE
ACTIVITY 9.4: ONE MORE TRY
The following items talk about the analysis of variance that diagnose your understanding related on
the concept of determining the difference between the means. Read carefully each item and choose
your answer in the picture below.

1. A collection of statistical models and their associated estimation procedures used to

analyze the differences among group means in a sample.
2. A statistical test used to compare the means of two group.
3. Determine if the groups have similar mean.
4. Testable on the basis of observing a process that is modeled via a set of random variables.

COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN APPLIED MATHEMATICS
INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS DEVELOPMENT © 2020
LEARNING MODULE IN STAT 02 (PRACTICAL STATISTICS)
AGUSAN DEL SUR STATE COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY
MAIN CAMPUS, BUNAWAN AGUSAN DEL SUR

5. Samples that are selected randomly so that its observations do not depend on the values
other observations.
6. Specifies a range of values within which the difference between the means of the two
populations may lie.

EVALUATE
ACTIVITY 9.5: let’s solve!
The following set of data values was obtained from a study of people’s perceptions on
whether the color of a person’s clothing is related to how intelligent the person looks. The
subjects rated the person’s intelligence on a scale of 1 to 10. Group 1 subjects were randomly
shown people with clothing in shades of blue and gray. Group 2 subjects were randomly shown
people with clothing in shades of brown and yellow. Group 3 subjects were randomly shown
people with clothing in shades of pink and orange. The results follow.
Group 1 Group 2 Group 3

Answer keys

Activity 2.1 & 2.4:

1. C
2. C
3. A
4. C
5. D
6. B
7. A
8. C
9. D
10. A

Activity 2.2: ATTENDANCE AND GRADES

1. The variables are grades and attendance.
2. The data consist of specific grades and attendance numbers.
3. These are descriptive statistics.

COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN APPLIED MATHEMATICS
INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS DEVELOPMENT © 2020
LEARNING MODULE IN STAT 02 (PRACTICAL STATISTICS)
AGUSAN DEL SUR STATE COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY
MAIN CAMPUS, BUNAWAN AGUSAN DEL SUR

4. The population under study is students at Agusan del Sur State College of Agriculture and
Technology (ASSCAT).
5. While not specified, we probably have data from a sample of ASSCAT students.

Activity 2.2: SAFE TRAVEL

1. The variables are industry and number of job-related injuries.

2. The type of industry is a qualitative variable, while the number of job-related injuries is
quantitative.
3. The number of job-related injuries is discrete.
4. Type of industry is nominal, and the number of job-related injuries is ratio.
5. The railroads do show fewer job-related injuries; however, there may be other things to
consider. For example, railroads employ fewer people than the other transportation
industries in the study.
6. A person’s choice of transportation might also be affected by convenience issues, cost,
service, etc.

ACTIVITY 8.1 AND 8.2

1. C
2. B
3. A
4. D
5. D
6. A
7. C
8. C

COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN APPLIED MATHEMATICS
INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS DEVELOPMENT © 2020