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    Review Non Cyclic Photophosphorylation

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    Marc Ian Young
    The document summarizes the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. It describes how photons are absorbed by photosystems I and II, exciting electrons that are passed through an electron transport chain. This generates a proton gradient used by ATP synthase to produce ATP, and reduces NADP+ to NADPH via ferredoxin and NADP reductase. The process requires water, which is split via photolysis to release electrons that replenish photosystem II. It produces both ATP and NADPH, the products of the light reactions that are used in the Calvin cycle.

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    Review Non Cyclic Photophosphorylation

    Uploaded by

    Marc Ian Young
    42 views3 pages
    The document summarizes the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. It describes how photons are absorbed by photosystems I and II, exciting electrons that are passed through an electron transport chain. This generates a proton gradient used by ATP synthase to produce ATP, and reduces NADP+ to NADPH via ferredoxin and NADP reductase. The process requires water, which is split via photolysis to release electrons that replenish photosystem II. It produces both ATP and NADPH, the products of the light reactions that are used in the Calvin cycle.

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    The document summarizes the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. It describes how photons are absorbed by photosystems I and II, exciting electrons that are passed through an electron transport chain. This generates a proton gradient used by ATP synthase to produce ATP, and reduces NADP+ to NADPH via ferredoxin and NADP reductase. The process requires water, which is split via photolysis to release electrons that replenish photosystem II. It produces both ATP and NADPH, the products of the light reactions that are used in the Calvin cycle.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    42 views3 pages

    Review Non Cyclic Photophosphorylation

    Uploaded by

    Marc Ian Young
    The document summarizes the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. It describes how photons are absorbed by photosystems I and II, exciting electrons that are passed through an electron transport chain. This generates a proton gradient used by ATP synthase to produce ATP, and reduces NADP+ to NADPH via ferredoxin and NADP reductase. The process requires water, which is split via photolysis to release electrons that replenish photosystem II. It produces both ATP and NADPH, the products of the light reactions that are used in the Calvin cycle.

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    of 3

    REVIEWER FOR PHOTOSYNTHESIS

    IMPORTANT TERMS/recap

    Photons- bundle of electromagnetic light energy


    Atp- ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE, chemical molecule na may energy
    pigments- nag capture ng light energy
    Chlorophyll a- pinaka common na pigment
    Chloroplast- site of photosynthesis
    Photosynthesis- paggamit ng light energy to turn to chemical energy at ibang products

    Light dependent reactions


    - First stage of photosynthesis where light from the sun is needed to produce molecules
    and energy to be used in the Calvin Cycle
    - Needs Sunlight and water
    - Produces NADPH and ATP

    1. Photosystem
    - Group of pigments and proteins that absorbs light energy and transfers
    electrons.
    - Photosystem 1 (P 700) and photosystem 2 (P680)

    Photosystem 2
    - Primary electron acceptor: Pheophytin
    - P680
    - Nakukuha ng bagong electron sa Photolysis
    - Sa Linear/non cyclic photophosphorylation lang ginagamit

    Photosystem 1
    - Primary electron acceptor: Chlorophyll A
    - P700
    - Nakukuha yung electron galing sa electron sa PS2

    - Explanation: So yung photosystems, sila yung mga pinagsamasama na mga pigment sa plant kung saan
    merong specific lang na wavelength yung maximum na kaya nila i absorb. Meron dalawang types:
    Photosystem 1 na merong 700nm na maximum wavelength absorption at Photosystem 2 na merong 680 nm
    wavelength absorption ng light. Mas nauuna palagi ang Photosystem 2 kahit #2 siya. Naging Photosystem 2
    lang kasi mas nauna ma discover ng mga scientist yung yung Photosystem 1.

    1. Photoexcitation
    - The excitation of an electron in an photosystem or chlorophyll molecule by using light
    energy
    - An electron tends to leave the chlorophyll molecule or photosystem after being excited
    Explanation: Mag photoexcitation yung isang electron sa photosystem kapag natamaan siya ng light, magiging
    excited ganun. Tapos aalis siya sa photosystem na yun kapagtapos ma excite kaya Mawawalan ng Electon yung
    photosystem kapag tapos umalis nun and need ma replenish para magkaron ulit ng electon. LAGING NAUUNA MA
    PHOTOEXCITATION YUNG PHOTOSYSTEM 2

    2. Photolysis
    - The splitting of water by using light and a water splitting enzyme
    - Used in replenishing the electron in Photosystem II
    Note 1 molecule of H2O (Water) Produces 2 hydrogen, ½ molecule of Oxygen gas and 2
    electrons

    Explanation: Paghihiwalayin yung Water gamit light, tapos ma produce Hydrogen at Oxygen. Ginagamit yung
    photolysis para makapag bigay ulit ng nawalang electron sa photosystem 2 pagtapos ng photoexcitation.

    3. Photophosphorylation
    - The process of turning ADP and Phosphate to ATP using light energy to activate
    Photosystem 2

    So sa Light dependent reactions, meron tayong dalawng photophosphorylation na type: Linear photophosphorylation
    at Cyclic photphosphorylation. Sa Linear, gumagamit tayo ng Water at Sunlight at nagproproduce tayo ng NADPH at
    ATP. Sa Cyclic naman, gumagamit tayo ng Sunlight lang, at hindi need ng water, pero nagproproduce lang tayo ng
    mas madaming ATP, walang NADPH.

    4. Electron Transport Chain


    - Series of protein complexes and other molecules that transfers electrons across a membrane

    LIGHT DEPENDENT REACTION PROCESS


    - Occurs in THYLAKOID MEMBRANE
    - NONCYCLIC/LINEAR AND CYCLIC PHOTOPHOSPHORYLATION

    NON-CYCLIC/LINEAR PHOTOPHOSPHORYLATION
    - Needs PS2 AND PS1

    1. Light hits PHOTOSYSTEM 2, electron in photosystem 2 gets excited and leaves photosystem 2.
    2. Photolysis of water occurs para mabalik yung umalis na electron sa photosystem 2, H2O is split to 2
    hydrogen atoms and ½ oxygen molecule (oxygen is byproduct, leaves through stomata) and this gives 2
    electrons (kasi 2 hydrogen) to Photosystem 2.
    3. Electron in Step 1 (yung original na umais sa ps2, hindi yung galing sa photolysis) goes to plastocquinone
    (PLASTOQUINONE- A PROTEIN ELECTRON CARRIER OF PS2, siya nagdadala ng electron mula sa ps2,
    papunta sa CYTOCHROME B6F COMPLEX (yung cytochrome b6f complex ay isang enzyme na
    nagpapabilis ng electron transfer papunta sa PS 2 at PS 1). Then ayun pupunta siya sa Cytochrome b6f
    complex. Sa pag punta niya don, yung mga hydrogen sa stroma, sa labas ng thylakoid membrane,
    mapupunta sa loob ng thylakoid o lumen. Malilipat sila parang mag diffuse ganun.
    4. Magtuloy yung journey ng electron papunta sa Cytochrome b6f complex, mag transfer ulit siya mula don sa
    cytochrome b6f complex papunta sa Plastocyanin (plastocyanin- yun yung electron carrier naman na
    nagdala mula sa Cytochrome b6f complex papunta sa photosystem 1. Sa pag punta niya dun sa
    photosystem 1, mawawalan ng energy yung electron. Kaya pag nakarating na sa pHotosystem 1. mag hit
    ulit yung light sa photosystem 1 para makapgbigay ng energy sa electron at ma excite ulit para ma tuloy
    yung pprocess.
    5. Yung mga hydrogen sa loob ng thylakoid, mapupuno tapos lalabas sipa ng ATP SYNTHASE (isang enzyme
    din na ginagamit sa PHOTOPHOSPHORYLATION (parehas noncyclic /linear at cyclic) pag dumaan don
    yung hydrogen, magsama yung ADP at isang phpsphate na nasa plant para maging ATP na gagamitin na
    sa Calvin cycle. Pagtapos nun mapunta na sa stroma yung HYDROGEN na naipon. So diba balik tayo sa
    PS1 ulit, Pag na excite na yunf electron sa PS1, lilipat naman siya sa Ferredoxin tapos papunta sa NADP
    reductase na enzyme.Pag dumaan yung electron sa NADP reductase, magsasama na yung NADP na nasa
    plant at saka HYdrogen tapos saka maging NADPH na nasa stroma (labas ng thylakoid) para magamit din
    sa Calvin cycle.

    Summary
    Uses: h2O at Sunlight
    Produces: NADPH and ATP

    Nadp- nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate


    Nadph- nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate hydrogen
    Atp- ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE

    ENZYMES USED:
    ATP SYNTHASE
    CYTOCHROME B6F COMPLEX
    FERREDOXIN-NADP REDUCTASE

    photosystems used in order:


    PHOTOSYSTEM 2

    PHOTOSYSTEM 1

    Processes in order:
    1. Photoexcitation in ps2
    2. Photolysis to give back electrons to ps2
    3. Oxygen exit through stomata
    4. Electron from ps2 goes to plastoquinone
    5. Electron transfers to cytochrome b6f complex
    6. Hydrogen from stroma go to inner thylakoid membrane
    7. Electron goes to plastocyanin
    8. Electrons lose energy pag punta sa PS1
    9. Hydrogen from inner thylakoid goes to ATP synthase, mag form ng ATP
    10. Light hits PS1, Photoexcitation OF electron and electron goes to ferredoxin tapos sa NADP
    reductase
    11. Magsama NADP and Hydrogen to form NADPH

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