Relation and Functions
Uploaded by
Sasidaran SasiRelation and Functions
Uploaded by
Sasidaran SasiCHAPTER – 2
RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS
KEY POINTS
Cartesian Product of two non-empty sets A and B is given by,A
× B = { (a, b) : a A, b B}
If (a, b) = (x, y), then a = x and b = y
Relation R from a non-empty set A to a non-empty set B is a
subset of A×B.
Domain of R = {a : (a, b) R}
Range of R = { b : (a, b) R}
Co-domain of R = Set B
Range Co-domain
If n(A) = p, n(B) = q then n(A×B) = pq and number of relations =
2pq
Image : If the element x of A corresponds to y B under the
function f, then we say that y is image of x under ‘f ’
f (x) = y
If f (x) = y, then x is preimage of y.
A relation f from a set A to a set B is said to be a function if
every element of set A has one and only one image in set B.
[XI – Mathematics]
www.cleariitmedical.com
Df = {x : f(x) is defined} Rf = {f(x) : x Df}
Let A and B be two non-empty finite sets such that n(A) = p and
n(B) = q then number of functions from A to B = qp.
Identity function, f : R R; f(x) = x x R, where R is the set
of realnumbers.
Df = R Rf = R
Y
x
=
x)
f(
X´ O X
Y´
Constant function, f : R R; f(x) = c x R where c is a
constant
Df = R Rf = {c}
Modulus function, f : R R; f(x) = |x| x R
Df = R
Rf = R+ { 0} = { x : x R: x 0}
[XI – Mathematics]
www.cleariitmedical.com
Y
X´ O X
Y´
Signum function
1,if x >0 x
,x0
f : R R ; f (x) = 0,if x = 0 and f (x) = x
—1,if x < 0 0,x = 0
Then
Df = R
and Rf = {–1,0,1}
Y
y=1
1
X´ X
O
–1
y = –1
Y´
Greatest Integer functionf : R R; f(x) = [x], x R assumes the
value of the greatest integer, less than or equal to x
Df = R Rf = Z
[XI – Mathematics]
www.cleariitmedical.com
3
Y
1
X´ X
–2 –1 O 1 2 3 4
–1
–2
Y´
f : R R, f(x) = x2
Df = R Rf = [0,
Y
X´ X
O
Y´
f : R R, f(x) = x3
Df = R Rf = R
Y
O
X´ X
Y´
Exponential function, f : R R ; f(x) = ax, a > 0, a 1
[XI – Mathematics]
www.cleariitmedical.com
Df = R Rf= (0, )
Y Y
(0, 1) (0, 1)
X X X’ X
’ O O
Y’ Y’
0<a<1 a>1
Natural exponential function, f(x) = ex
1 1 1
e 1 ... , 2 e 3
1! 2! 3!
Logarithmic functions, f : (0, ) R ; f(x) loga x, a > 0, a 1
R
Df = (0, ) f =R
Natural logarithrnic function f(x) = logex or log x.
Let f : X R and g : X R be any two real functions where x
R then
(f ± g) (x) = f(x) ± g(x) x X
(fg) (x) = f(x) g(x) x X
f f x
x x X provided g x 0
g g x
[XI – Mathematics]
www.cleariitmedical.com
