Session { Fyt 1 Néawork. Hodels « OSL Hodel : TCP/IP Hodel: > Dola Preperifion <— L¥: Applicolion Lé: Presenfalion Dal - Application L5: Session 14: Transport Segment ~Trangport 13: Néfwork. Packet ~ Internet L2: Dafa Link. Frame ~Melwork, Access Ld: Physical => Applicolion Layer: each application has port number (0 -1023) . HTTP (80), ATTPs (44) , SATP(25), FTP (20,21), BAP(IF9), POPS (10), Telnet , SSH, DHCP (64,68), RIP (520) , DNS(38). = Transport Loyer: each prolocat hos prolocal number . H5S(Haximum Sequance Size): 1160 byfe - = Haximum Dela Fort Size TCP (Pactocal no. 6) UDP (Prdocalno.IF) . ¢ SHTP , Telnet RIP, DHCP *Y OO HTTP, HT TPs _SNNB,TETP y address Size (2obyfe) address Size (B byte) ¥ SN ons @ % 8egmeniation * Addressing “ Session number (1024: 65535)” . % CRC S&A &=> Inlerndl Layer : end to end Coritol . TP v4 (Prikoaal no. 4) TP v6 (Protocal no, 41) ICHP (Protocal no L) , OSPF (Protocal no. 84) , EIGRP(Prstecal no. 88) HTU (Haximum TransPer Unit) = 1500 byte . = Haximum Packet Size Address Corlains: Source IP, deslinalion IP and protocol number Address Size = 20 byte (can be extend to 60 byfe Yo increase Frome size To 64 bye ...) =D Network Access Layer: Cable and card. In LAN “etRemet, wiki In WAN“ X.25, FR, ATH, PPP, HDLC, PPPOA, PPPOE, wiHAx”. Address Corllains : Source HAC, desfinalion HAC . Address size: 14 byte _ Tail size: 4 bufe . Hoximum Frame Size = 1518 byle. Loyer F: 3H+T Dota elween users . Layer 3: 2H+T Packet between nelivorks (end to end). hoyer 2: H+T Frame Inside nefworks (hop to hop) . Peformance Ideal time 64 bit between each Frame... Oo 518 Size mini mam maximum =; Prame size Frome SizeSession 1Part2 Router Process e L3.rouler Processor 1P.2292 LSJ xac Hac: Ha B LST rt HAC :D HAC: A Whyte sobsle ao biTe (SrcHAe:c ] Data SIC HAC: A ‘\ ASTAAC:B) AStIP, 2.2.2.2 Packet —s| Frame. fia) L3 La Le fell pele Session 1 Fut3 Routed Protacol: It is protocol ARat Carries user dala TraPPic Prom end to end. ex: IPva , IPvs , TCP , UDP Routing Protocol : It is exchange oP information between routers , So as rouler fell offers about neéfiworks if Can reach to build routing table . ex: RIPve , EIGRP, OSPF, BGP S&A ieSession 4 Part 4 Routing Procedure \-Check. Rat the 10S Supports Re requirecl routing protocols . (Config) X rouiler Pictocol (config-router) oR xShop version 2 Show Plash -bin 2. Activate Router Processor . TP v4 : active by default... (Cong).# 1p routing TPves disable. by default... (Config) K ipve unicast-rouling 3Run Routing Prolocal on ruler ideraces . (ConPig) X router Tstecad = Credle realing (ConPig. router) K network. ipePiterPace, oR... : => Aclivale. routin (ConPig) X inlerFace ___ 8 (ConPig-router) ip Pesfocol S&A teSession 2 Part 4 ‘outéng Procedure Check Jos. 2Enable Router Processor . 3.Run Routing Pretoco’ . -Creale rouling Process . ~ Activate roitng Process on interface. 4.Exchange oP updates . Send / receive 5. Form Routing Table. Show ip youte Frolocat | Wetwork(Refix) | Mask (RePix-Lenglk.)|Distonce | vector Connected C Sahic 8 RP R OSPF oO EIGRP OD isis L IGR i [ Adon islvohive stance Connect = O “inlsface , Pot next hop" Stalic = 0, Le “top? RIP - 120 lay "Bw OSPF = 110 Teliabili inlerna, external, Summary "BDRUE IGRP = 90, LTO, (Congestion) “qost* isis = 415 ATU exlernal , irleynal BGP = 20,200 ARP. Table PoP net hop | HAC X Show arp 7 S&A BeSession 2Brt 2 Rouling Table Search I Longest bit match (Longest Prefix Length). 2. Least admin. distance . 8. Least Hélric . dst ip M8 OLLI /30 s, [0/4] R itofes 5, — {I20/5) oO 10/26 5, {io /50} D 1.000 /8 $8, — [90/24,000,000) ‘ St 0000/0 Sy lo/o] Roos \ fast resort \ 255.955.955.255 TP equal, loadsharing (loadBalancing)...rpatks by default, max 16 or more. by Configuration. exp» (Conhig-vouler) 3X maximum- pols He Session 2 Tort 3 ‘Routing Generolions LProcess Wiling : normal wouliag = Siw Search = Sequenfial Search . > Powarol tkousands of PPS Qoiing Tible : al Show ip roude.atost suitching : Youte. Caching = roule once § Switch many. Forward tens oP thousands PPS. * Routing Table oa. Route cache -@ 3K Show ip Cackel 3.CEF switchi Cisco Express Forwarding Pointer Search . Pomward millions oP PPS. Routing Table “ARP Table cl et routing table H citsas CEF Hw search Glide Qeiad Called FIB Foewarcling Info Base CEF Table “adjacency fable” index] nelacrk Jmask | vector x*K Show ip CeP Session 2 Part 4 Routing classiPicafion Static Routing : Building rouling talcle manually . IP only one pal’ exists fo dst (iP efwork. 1s” simple), . A S&A keDynamic routing : Buld youling Table culomalically using alu, IP nélivork, 18 Complex / many paths exist IGP /eae ClassPull Classless Distance vector: exchange Inferior 7 Exterior Prtocats roulling table witRout mask Gofeway | Gateway Doesnt — Understek ——-ex: RIP, IGRP Rolocat/ Pralacal Send subniting Advanced Distance Vector: Inside Between mask in exchange wouling table. AS As updates with mask. using multicast ex: ex: en: ex ex: R1P2 , EIGRP RIP, ,RIP2 EGP, BGP = RIP, ~—-RiP2, isis Link Safe : exchange LSA ISIS , OSPF IGRP. —OSPFETGRP with mask using multicast IGRP, EIGRP EGP = BGP ex: OSPF , ISIS ‘Falk vector : excha roling table wit rich aitribites. ex: BGR, EGP S&A keSession 3 Part 4 Slolic Routing re. only one pall exists to dst. Advantage: Save resources (CPU, memory ancl Bw). Disadvantage: Admin over heack . 1.0.0. 0f24 10.0.0.8/30 [0.0.0.1]30 15.0.0.0/24 x @) Bra netisork fmask —veclor olistance réirorkfmask vector olistance C 10.00/24 € 0 C 000/44 e@ oO S Booo/ee $, 0 S Hooo/24 Ba 0 HA(ConPig)X ip rule 15000 255.255.9550 3, Branch (Config) X ip rule 110.00 255.255,955.0 %, = (Config) XK ip voule nefivork mask vector [distance] inlerlace ndme ~ IP oP next hop dehult distance = 0 olefault distance = £ Example 1: Primary /Backup Patks . ILoao/24 Primary 15.00.0/24 A (Conkig)& ip wouile 1500.0 255.255.255.0 3 Primary Pik A (config) AF ip route 15.00.0. 955.255.955.0 8, Io Backyo Paste/Ploating Example 2: Equal Loaolsharing /Load’Balance. A(conkig) 3% ip rode 15.0.0.0 255.255, 255.0 3, A(conPig) & ip Tile 150.00 255.255.255.0 Sy A CD teExample 3: Unequal Loadshoriag /LoadBalancing . AConfig)% ip voule 15.000 255.255.255.192 8, (0-63) lange Spaced A (Conbig) > ip roule 15.0.0.0 255.255. 255.0 S, (0-255) Session 3 Tart 2 DePault Route Default sfolic. Route : (ri) 192.168.1.0]24 (82) 192.1682.0/24 172.16.1.0 J24 H@(Conkg) XK ip rule 192.168.1.0 255.255.2550 3, H@(ConPig) Hip route 192168.2.0 255.255.2550 Sy Ha(Config)% ip roule. 192,168.20 255.255,255.0 %, Transit (9) 192.168.3.0/24 youter- Bre (Conk) M ip wile 0.00.0 0.000 8, Gatewoy of fast resort Bri(Conhg) X ip rile 00.0.0 0.00.0 % the worst bit match. nelocrk mask vecbr dlsfance. 8" o000/0 $, 0 Br3 (Config) jp roule 0.0.00 0.0.00 83 i Slub routers 2.DeFault Dynamic Route « BaP B’ Rip R* SPF O* isis =D Conhg-woaler)% dlePault-informakion originate All routing Frotocal on_HO. EIGRP D* excest = (Conkg-routis) XX ip deftult-néiwork 00.0.0 EIGRP Session 3 Part 3 Routing Information Prefocal. M.0.00/24 10.0.0.1]30 18.00.0/24 9 wank) c 1000/24 e& 0 Cc 15.0.0.0/24 e& 0 ¢€ 10.001/30 S, 0 C 000.2/30 $, 0 S&A EsRIP v2 ConPiquration + (Conhg) % router rip send Vi and veceive vive (déult version) (conPig-rouler) 3K version 2 % send J veceive +e same version (Config-rouler) 3 network, —____ IP oP inférface. - ™ ClassPall Command default WOH Cannct be change - Use splithorizon + voule. learntt Prom irilerFace should never be adtverlisect bock on interPace Wide Carol Hask (wom): o = exactly match , 1=Don't Car . (Conkig router) passive -inferface —__inlerface name Te stop send update From idtérlice @ change : Periodic. Updale every a0sec ... Keep alive Invalid Time 180 sec = Z update ... Tragered update. .. Poisoned reverse. A(Conkig)X rouler rip A Config-rouler’) 3 Version 2 AConFig-vouter) 2& network. 11.0.0.0 A (Conkig-rouler) 2X reliwork (0.0.0.1 B(ConPig) rouker rip B Config-roiller) XK version 2 B Conkig-rovder) 7 nefwork. 15.0.0.0 B (Conkig-voufer) 2k nelwork. [0.0.0.2 S&A &Session 4 fart 4 RIP V2 Choraclerislic :- \. It is adlvancedl Dislanae vector . exchange of rouling tables 2. Send updates using multicast 294.0.09 . Periodically 30sec 8. Classless prétocad. (Sudpart FLSH &VISK , SummariZolion and CLDR) FLSH (Pized feng Subnet Hask) » mos (is (ated CALLAN IT VLSM (Variable. tengt? Subnet Haske). «mask (SCaRT ALIN SummariZalion => default auto-summayy » chossPall <35) cezele clss C = /24 . Subnalfig yogic 2 chss B > 16 class A = /8 —> by Configuration (10 asilo-summary) ... aglast Goals —» by Configuration (manual summary) ..- Crue's ver Bone 3 Go mask Cui wey GV Cu (Config) inlerface 8, Saree 192.168.\-0 (Config) K oiler rip 192.168,.0} (92.168..0() (Config-roiter)verssion 2 eisin Summary (Config-voiter) no aiito-sarnmary (ConPig-iP YK ip Summagy-address vip Summers mask. CIDR (Superneliing) « magor relies) caste + no need te disable aulo-summary (Conf’g-iP)K ip summary-oddress Yip 4.0.0.0 _254.0.0.0 4.9 0.0/8) 49.0.0\D 5.0.0.0 ® ce4.plinal Suppedt Adkertioation . by default. null by ConP guration, Clear text Hashed ADS 5.Use BellmanPord algorithm to calculde best Paik. 6.Symloal_ in votling Tale “PR”. F Helric is hoS . maximum hop js \5, 16 ig 00) 8.Admin Dishnee = 120. 3. Support equal Load sharing - by clefoult 4 Falts 9 bby ConPigurcition maximum 16 or more. RIP ng (next generation) +EVErY ‘fing Ae some RIP ve except Por, -used for IPve . —Multicadtd FEO: 9 - Auta- summary nat available (ia). ConPigualion : (ConPig)a& ipve unicost-routag Aclivile Process (ConPig)’& ipve roilter vip Hse (ConPig) x inferPace 5S, (Conkig-i?) %& ipve Yip WSBe: Yip Labo J2a ple al inlehece SS (S & A} he — aSessio 4 Part 2 OSPF v2 Characlevislic:- pen horlest Ruk First 2s np Ey Open Source Algorifen 2 aGis open slander 1 Link Stale Profocall . + exchang of LSA. - Form LSDB (all LSAs). - draw 1808 Unk slote Dato, Bare). stun Dijrstra_algoridem (SPF algoritiie) to Calculate Shorlest Path . + Bulid youlng table. 2. use multicast (224.0.0.5, ,224.0.0.6), 3. Classfess Profocal (WIA auto- summary) . 4.0ptionol AuiFenficalion . 5.Use Dijstra algorithm 6. Symbol in ruling table “O .OIA ,OE, , OE, ,oN,, ON, , OF. F. Admin Distance = N10 %. Nélvic is cost = to®/BW teast is 4 Hatric ConPiguralion « (ConPig) interPace S, (ConPig iP) ip osPF Cosel & TW (ConPig-iP) & Bandwiolte Mp Cass Bi Lad Speed (Kops) @ S&A te(Config) 34 router OSPF 4 @ by default loo (Contig-routér) X oufo-Cost reference-Banduliolt anit is millions x10 6 9. Support equal load shaving - (ConPig)3 Youter OSPF 4 (ConPig-routér’) 3 moximum-Patks 10. Support Hierarchical olesgin. Gupport multijsle area) . G&A &Session 5 Part L OSPF Tables 1. OSPF neighbor Table : It Confains divectly connected neightoors . Show ip ospF neighbors TPof ne righbor Interface. 2. Link Stale Data Base (L8DB) + It corftains all details atout youlers in tke nélivork . XBhow ip ospP dalabase . 3-Setiiae Table (lw) = FIB Table (HIw)= Porwarding Info Base If conlains best paiks to Pind end network. XBhow ip role ospP Show ip ceP ospP “CisCo expres Forward” OSPF packet types J. Hello packet : Usedl For bouilol /mairifain neighbor Table - 2. DBD (DalaBaseDescription acket DDP): Used to adverlise Summury about LSDB. 3_ LSR (Link. Stile Request ) : used to request details about missing LEAs 4_ LSU (Link Slate update) - Details about LSDB (Group of LSAs). 0 S&A} ee5_1SAcCK (Link State Acknowledgement ) ; ConPirmalion message . Session 5 Part 2 OSPF Topologies | modes 1. Point to Point mode - A nelwork. Rat joins a Single Pair oP roulers . InlerPaces Yunning PPP or HDLC or Paint to Point Subs infer Paces ATH Frame Relay . dePoult (Config iP) 3%, encapsulation | PPP/ HDLC{ (ConPig-iP)K ip ospP neélwork. point-to-point L_ Neighbor discovery: Auto neightoor dliscovery using hello. 42_ Elect DRG BOR: Nd elections (no DR] no BDR) 1.3_ Hello [dead inférval : 10/40 second. 2. BHA(Bwadeast Hultinle Access) : cae Provicle Broadcast address stor Topology DePault on etRernet . (Conkeg-iP)% ip ospP network bradCast 1.1 _ Neighbor discovery: Auto using hello 12 Elech DRE BDL. Auto election 1.3_ Hello/dend inva 10 | 4o seconol. S&A fe3_NBHA (Non Broadcast Hultiple Access): Technolagy doesnt "provide broaddast address Default on packet switching irterPace.(FR, X25, ATH). (ConBig-iP)K enCapsulation. 425] FrameRelay| atin t (ConPig-iP )K ip OSpP néliwork. non-Broadgast 3.1_ Neighbor discovery : Manual neighbor oliscavery . (Config) voule- OSPF 4 (Conbig router) neighbor —P. neighbobss coud eS” 3.2. Elect DR gBDR - Router Rat ConPigure. neighbor Commend st is DR Re ard BOR. 3.3 Hello /dead inlerval : 30/120 second . Session 5 Rut 3 OSPF Operalion @Slart up (Conkig) vodler ospr Tacess i 0-Creake Touler ID (32 bits) : oN Manuok : (ConPig-rouler) X Youler- idl ___ efered write it Uke IP hes is only methool on IPvé . S&A ES0.2 _ Highest Loopback. interface IP. (Conkig) 3K inlerFace Loopbacko (Conkig-iP ip address 255.255.255.955 => Virlual, Logical, lw, infernal ieyPace always up. Used for easy monagemert, Can be Telnet ar Ping on it iF youter has Phycol interface is up . 0.3 — Highest Physical active iviterface IP: ete ae Up => when we need change RID : Restart Wouter na Youler OSPF (ConPig-vouter) $6 Clear ip ospP process S&A) teSession & Rut 4 OSPF Operation Can never be 0 @Suarlup: (ConPg i roulbr OSPF Rss 1.65535 not maloh beliween roulars 0. Credle Router ID (32 bt): ot Hanual : (Cong -rouler-) 3% youler-id his is only method on IPve... 0.2- Wighest Loopback inlerPace IP. (ConPig) inferFace foopteack 0 (cong. iP) ip address —___ 0.3. Hidrest Physical active ivlerPace IP: 8 eo ee “serial “up 955.955.255.955 ax Can't Create OSPF without Roter 1D +x 1. Neighbor discovery Chello protocol) : \ > Down tale 6 exchange yet 12 tack Slate: 7; ef a hello is sent but coiling, reply . BRC IP. log fellelo | S2\AdR. \Area |Priorty, JOR DSTIP 224.0.0.5 iar, 64 byte} 10) eld ik |halojdead [BDQ| Protocol 33 , TTLL Key | the indervol [1Ds CS & A}Neighbor ID Length of helt dred at Gwrlist (aac it dependon no oP ne ighbors) Soke => Condlilions oP OSPF roulers t be neighbors : © Same subnet . @ Same Authenlicalion melRod: ane (ConPig.iP) ip OSPF autferticalion . Hashed HDS (ConBig.iP) ip o8PF cutRenticalion message digest. @Bame Autfenticalion Key : Gna (Cong iP) ip O8PF autenlicalion-Key Fasseaordl Hashed (Config. PR ip ost aultrenti lication message-digest Key Rssword mcl5 @ Same Aveo ID. © Same Area type bydePault © Some halo interval (ConPig-i®)3K ip OSPF hello inferval _lesec @ Same dead ivlervoL (ConfigP) 3 ip OSPF dead-inferval __40 13- Too way Slate: Hello “iS received bock § Confains me in their neighbor list. 6 Bhow ip OSPF nei ightbor XX debug ip osPF aclSession 6 Fart 2 2. DRY BOR Election ( Can Rouler , Backup) : welCome new Comers a cal point oP Comh@ Change DR BOR multicast 224.0.0.6 @Raiter fat Prst bods OSPF with enough Time (deacl time). ® Rouder having highest pariorily per iferFace (ly default <4) 0 Can never be DRor BDR --- (Conby.iP) Kip OSPF priority 0-259 ORoder has highest RID . 3.Roulers discover: 3.1. ExStart state «Choosing master / Slave . master“is Ke highest RID .° D129 Me? + Rouler- fe silat exchange Pirst. 3.2. Bschange State : ‘ke Dala. Base Description (LSA id , Beqx% ,Check sum) 3.3_ Loading Slale : "Requiestin if details rom specific LSDB erlyies (LSN2). Here ave all details about LSA you requested (LSU) . 34_ full stale : . All routers Nos a Common LSDB . S&A &new Tniiol stale ther Veoiter hallo to 224.0.0.5 wailing reply Duiees Two way sfale reply on _uniGast IP from oll neighbor Bove DRS BYR Slave Exstart state Hasler <_ tuill exchange Fist, because Thave higher RID Exchange State ~<_here is "DBD (Dato Base Discviflion) LSA id Seque Checksum RX KM 0% 8000 000! OX 2ICE Hexa First LSA Hexa. AC Loading Stale. USR Clink slate requéstt) ineed LSAs with id e ESU (Cink stale update) “There are defails abou LSA ou Tequested Ack Full state Details IP]mask , Cost , Link Type , wiler type, LBA type N2IEBY2F , Cost-to , Stub _,, Raider connect to PCs Point to Rint —» PPP] HDLC Transit _, NBHA , BHA S&A feSession F Part 4 OSPF Operalion @stortup + 0. Create. RID (32-bit). 1. Neighbor discovery (hello protocal) ; Heighioor LD | Neighoor IP Tahace | ste | po _ bites AKShow Ip ospF neighbor debug ip ospF adj Slop in initio state. —__lsi fis! neighbor Conditions Slop in exchange Slate ,dueto mismoloh in MTU . IP you want to égnore wismoalch in MTU... (Config iP) Kip ospP tfu-ignore os edit mtu (ConPig-iP) % i> mtu __ 2.0OR § BOR: Ast to boot OSPF Highest priori Highest RID- 3.Roules discovery (exchange of LSDB) 4.Diow LSDB Tree . 5. Use Dijkstra. algoritRm (SPF): to Colcullate best pak. Build Fouling Table . @ Convergence + Sleady stole only priodic hello ee PPP / HDLC / MPLS) etRernet K.25) FRR J ATH Sub interface ( Powit to Point) every 30sec every 10 sec S&A =@ change : -Roiter Rat Peas de Change wi Porm new LSA ¥ send it on 224.0.0.6 (DR & BOR) - — Only DR send new LSA to all ofer wilers . ~All roilers run SPF algwritim . SPF delay = 5 sec... Time between receiving Last change § Callculding SPF algoritfim... To avoid Plapping & hanging. X Show ip OspP => SPF calculation fF, SPF das, (ConPig-voiter) HK Timer SPF a Session F Rat 2 OSPF CorPiguralion. wew HetRocl : (Contig) K rouller OSPF ‘Rocess TA (coabig) X interface (Corkig-iP)% ip OSPF Pocess Id grea ateaid Old HetRod . (ConPig)K oiler ospr Hocess Td Corbig-rouler) X network IDoP néliwork wild Core mask. crea, areo id inverted mask O= exoct molch example + L= Dont Care torsa/24 10.2.2.\30 10.2.3.2)30 10.3.3.1[24 A B c AlConPig) toler OSPF 4 A(ConPig) inlerFace Fao A(ConPig)3 interface SO (cont Pig-iP 9K ip ospP 4 areao , A(Config-iP)K ip OSPF 1 area o S&A ;B(Config)R voiler OSPF 4 B Conkig-roider) Hs néliworle 10.2.2.2 0.0.3.0 area 0 Process Td: no. = 1-65535 used fo divide OSPF wiler in sul voilers. Rocess id Locally signiPicant . AS ill > Crew leiy tes ProcessidCusi Ld (all) interface © Qua) Se example . Frocess id Oa Ore Foch op OFOs=©) Session Z Port 3 Hultiple Area OSPE Binge Area disadvantage : 1. Need vey big memory. 2. Need very high CPL. 3- Intability aPPect #2 enlire AS. §eecommendedt : each 50 wiler in one oreo. divide AS iro sub AS, Called area. al rover itlernod rodler int oS .— ABR ABR (Area Border Rouler) w ASB Show ip ospP border-veilter (A Border Reiter) CAS” area id 22-bit. Area 0 in Re carter. S&A eeSession 8 Part 4 OSPF Hultiple Areos tao @ ~ Each Youler Knows, details aren. 2 about d's aren. & Summaty only about other areas . Types oP LSAs [D Type 4 LSA ( Rouler LSA) : Itis generated by each roiler describing détails abou itsel?. This Ploodedt inside area only (inra-area) . a2 Wi Jsto Tt contains : + \.Roiler Type (internal, ABR , ASBR) . 2. Router ID. —» LsAid Seq Link Court Checksum 9. Interface IP. vodter id 080000001 5 Ox2tBC « 4. InterFace Hask . x 5, Inlerface Cost. 6. InlerPace Type (loopback, Stabs, P2P, Wansit) . X Bhow ip ospP olalabsse [ LSA name) B Type 215A (Network Link LSA): TF is genevaed by DR only. this Plooded inside area. anly (intro axed) S&A)- eeTt Contains : LDR ID. 2. list oP fosers ID LSA id Seqx — Link Count Checksum IPoP. winning 4 oP iolerface pis Gin Bs 44nd 19268. Os 168.14 wat W ie 3333 = z 192.1681 ay 2222 ‘ype 3 LSA (Summary Network. LSA) : Tt 1s generated by ABR, Plooded in AS (all areas)...(inler-ared) . It Corilains : ABR 1. Network Adldress (4 byte) . . 2. Network. Hask, (4 byte). 138A _, —> Tes 3. Network. Cost (2byfe). Tepe aot 1 192.1681.) 26 e!92.168.1.225 5 Type 115A 192.168.1.0 5 Tpe 218A age 6 Tpe 3LSA 192.168.1.65 126 ~\192.162.1.22 7 192.168.1.64 Lory, i 192.68.1.0/ 26, Wo DR 192.168.1.64/26, 110 192.168.1129 26 192.168. 128/26 , WO 192.168.1.128 192.168.1.199/27, Ilo oe 192.168.1,224]27, N10 192.168.1.193 /2F 192.168.1199 0 onito-summar. = ABR (Config) router OSpP £ ABR (ConPiq-rouiter) 3X area { 192.168..0 ¥ beast cost 192.168.1.0 /24, 110 192.168.1227 S24, rk /mask 192 168.1.298 192.168.1.224 /2t S&A eeType SLSA (External Network LSA) : Tt is generated by ASBR § Ploodedl in AS “alllareas* (infer-AS). Tt Contains : \.Exlernak network address 2. Extemal nelwork mask. 3. External network cost. so ABR psy 64.0.0.0/8 —» + 65.0.0.0/8 > (x) ABSe(ConPig)s¥ wouter ospP 1 po -0.0.0/8 : ABSR (Config-touler) ¥ Summary- address : ——__ 640.0016 =t> LSA Tipe 5 monuad psivigy Where Imask aulo-summaiy JA ¢2, 1.94) 1S 03 ise, Se Type FSA (External wssA Nelwork. LSA): NSSA (Not 36 STub Area) drop each Type SLSA,S0 wis the same Type 5 LSA but iP ASBR was NSA. © Type6 ISA: ot used now... A Tipe 415A (ASB summary LSA) + This genevaled by ABI and tells about ASBR exist once. (ABR "ASBR’ Type LISA + “0 = 7 Type 41sA S&A eeBeSsion 3 Part 4 Tgpes oP LSAs Link slate Dafa Base (LSDB): Router LSA (Te) LSA) generdled bby any rouler . - Network LSA (Type 2LSA) generaled by Dr - Summary LSA( Type 3 LSA) generdled by ABR. - ASBR Summary LSA(Type 4 LSA) generated by ABR there is ASBR®. - External LSA(Type 518A) generated by ABBR. - Exlemmal NSSA LSA (Type FLSA) generated by ASBR Routing Table : O _» ittra- area OIA _, inler-oven OE, —s inler-AS external ON, —+ inter-AS N35A Inferno Hetric : Cost = 108 /Bw Externoad Hélric « Type 2: dePault _ ASBR doesnt add internal melric to external metric Type L: ASBR include ivternak metyic to external mefric . ‘Tapes of Areas Backbone Area (Transit Area): LSAs = Tpe\2 , Type 34 , TypeS se. not recommended for Area for other include ASBR. Zero Areas S&A &DAbrmod Aveo (ordinary Area) LSAs = Type 2 pe 34, Type S area. x offer areas Stub Area : Aveo. Rat doesn’t have ASBR. Filter (Type 5 LSA) and used clefautt route "0" 0.0.00/0 on ABR only (Automatic) LSAs = Type 1,20", Tipe 3.4"O 1A" @ tally stub Area : Aveo wilh ro ASBR. Filter(Tpe 34,5 LAs) and used default voule “O** 0.0.0.0/0 on ABR only (Automalic) . 1SAs = Type 2 70". (Config-roulér)K oven 3 slub no-Summary on ABR only (Config-voler)X rea 3 Stub on other youlers =] Not $0 Stub Aveo (NSSA) : . Stub ASBR. LSAs = Type 1,2"0", Type 34 "OIA", Te F (ConPig router oreo K Nssa . 1B) Totally SSA : L3As = TWpe 20" Type F Session 3 Part 2 _ heaTe _—«.-~‘L S08 Routing Tabole Area 0 & normal area | Type 1,2,3,4,5 0,oIA, OF, Stub | Type 1,2,3,4 0,0 1A, oF NSSA Type 123,44 0,01A, O*,ON, Totally Stub Type |,2 0, Of Totally NSSA Type \2,F ©, OF ON, S&A ke 0Virtua Link in OSPF : A(ConPig) & router OSPF 4 A (ConPig-router) X Grea. 2 virluaf-Link RID, Shoall be normal area. ‘B(ConPig)X rouler OSPF 4 B(ConPig-rwiter)%X area 2 yirlual-link RID|y OSPF ver3 Session 9 Port 3 OSPF Por IPve nefivorks = -Same Rouler type (internal /ABR/ ASBR). - Same types oP areas . -~Same operclion (down/ initial /2way) =p exlra neighbor Condition : = Some instance id (global. Process oleFault=0) operalion (essa exchange , loading and Full state) ~Same LSA Types but no Type 1,2 LSA same on Type 8,9 . (ConPig) > ipve unicast-youling (ConPig) AX ipve router oSpP 4 (ConPig-vtr)K wuler-id (Conhy)X interface 30 (ConPig-iP)at ip ve OSPF 4 area Q [instance —] S&A teBession 10 Part £ Haripulatiog multiple toiling Pratocels - Service provider (Transit AS) § serves many Customers . - Boundary between ASs . —Hixed Vendor devices . Redistritoution + 11.1.0/24 iy an & 2.2.20 [24 EIRP 1oo (Config) A Youler OSPF 4 (Config-router) yx vedistriloute eigrp £00 YX vouler ei igrp S00 on router) redlstviboata OSPF £ Redistribution Conditions : - Redistribution Con be done between any two roiling metiods - EIGRR +s OSPF Stilic BGP Connectek —~ any porotocal RIP LESS aap Nee by netoork. Command - IGRP._» EIGRP ‘TSIS. automafic init Same AS faa -Redistiitoufion Can act work, between Two diPPerna& routed protocalls IPva RIP. IPx OSPF Apple talk ELGRP 1Pr6 BGP ® S&A Be‘Session lo Part 2 Admin . Distance + while redidtribution Re admin distance rules is Re Same os te new Profoca? rules . RIP OSPF Admin distance Admin olistance 120 110 RIP EIGRP Admin dlistince ——> Admin distance. 120 110 Heleic : : OSPF Costs x Anotke OSPF Process Cost=x Ary roiling Pretocal except BAP OSPF Cost-20 BGP —— OsPr Cast. 4 Siny routing Protocal —-» ISIS cost-0 > RIP EIGRP, 1arP Distance vector , Advance Distance vector melric = 0D Aas roiling Pratocal we hove to ConPgure seed marie. iniTial manual métric Session 10 Part 3 Redistribution ConPiguralion : (Contig) K rouler Pestocal 4 (Contig-rouler’) X Yedistribsite Fistocal 2 [metric seed metric] [nctric-type Ftype-i| type-A [ubogets] [foute-map iter some | ser cfg 01 — Sor OSPF only to allow Subnats iy a initernal S&Aexample 4: IP a CLPER, =< Subnets. (conPig) XK youler RIP (Conkig-rodlerr) version 2 (ConPig-toiler) X redisTribule OSPF 4 metric 3 (ConPig) X router OSPF 4 (ConPig-rowler) X redistribule vip metric 1% metricAype Type-1 Sulonets . exampk 2: BORLK Bw Del (Conk) wdter osPF 4 Reba = stab, (O88 (conPig-router) redisliboule. eigrp too foad 2uTL (1-255) JITU 21500 ad Pd (Conkig)3 touler eign 100 *K how idlerPace Bm (ConPig-rodler) Kredistribule OSPF £ metric. loooo 100 258 4 1560 Bession 40 Tat 4 RRoute-Filter- ACL (Access Cortirall List!) For nétioork in routing tatole + 1.Dishibute-List using Access-Lst : (Conkig)ak router OSPF 4 (Conkig-rouler) & redistribule rip (Contig-witer)X distribule-list $4 oat BP Activate (Config) 3 access- bst 64. Permit | deny t nélwork —Creake. Holic: deny any he end S&A ie 0Bession {L Pact L Cortralling Routing Updates _Passive -Inlevface + . Tiferface Rot will stop sending updates. It Can receive. updales . (ConPig) router vip 10.3.3.1]30 10.2.2.1/30 (ConPig-radler)X Version 2 104.4.1[ 30 10.1.1 ]30 (Con Pig -roulér) 3X nélwork 10.0.0.4 een 10.00.\130 (Config-roiter) 3 Passive-interface dePault Teequired only So Should "9 4 J (ConPig-roiler) Kno passive-interFace SO run ‘IP v2 or (Conbig-roiller) % passive-iterFice S4 (CorPig-viler’ K passive-iflerRace S52 (Corfig-roiler )X passive ~iflerface S3 (cone wake) 2X passive-intexPace SH (ConPig-rouler) 2 passive -interPace. SS FAP. clossPull Command with clePault will cardmash. “Can never be Changed * ... Closs A, 0.255.255.2955 — EIGRP_, classPull /Classless commandl . OSPF _» Classless Command “must Choose wild carol mask.” - => Tssive itlerface on RIP: ruler stop sending update Louk can receive updalés . : Passive itlerPace on all oer prdfecals . stop protecal (Sloj> neighloor Bhim). CRequirecl ali inlerfaces OSPF exeepl Se (conPayX voiler OSPF 4 (Conk'g-roider) X nétuoekd 10.00.) 9.255.255.2595 area 0 S&A(ConPig-veiler) 3 passive-inferace SO Session Ht Part 2 ndigrk Haske = Changing Admin Distance: (cond) ip summary-address cap geet) BGP: (Config) Toler bgp ASH ConPig-Youler)¥& distance. bi (oto ed ear Potocal | Admin Diskince = RePerence (dePautt) RiP 420 ISIS 445 EIGRP: 1410 (ConPig) # vouller eign> G0 internal , £70 external ConPig-soiter) 3 dislance ei 5B samm ona i a 200 internet 20 enernal OSPE : (ConPg) 3% wwiler ogpF Heal Process (ConPig-roiter) X distance. ospP external infer-area __ivifro-avea, (ConPig ) XK Youle (Conkig-roitér) Ye distance. —— [aci#| example: hto}a4 (ConPig)K wuler rip (ConPig-roeler)% version 2 (Config-rouler) vedistribite OSPF 4 metric 4 ( ConPig-router) distance 130 64 (Conkig) Kaccess-list 64 permit 3.3.2.0 S&A te 0Session 41 Parl 3 Route Filter : {Distribute list using Access List ; Active Por updates cred. while vedistribuilion (Cong) Youter Pefocat out Patoca! Allee aking (Conkig-router) & distribute-lish AcL# out inter Pace f Aable es iin faeBoce. nefare roiling exomple ts 10.).1.0/24 eS a eae ee S) a) EIGRP $00 ee B Blconkig) Kaccess-tiek 64 Permit 11.0 |D tlio [24 Ss, B (Config) 3 touler eigyD too \D 10.2.20/24 5S, B (ConPig-vouter) % distribule-tish 64 oul’, 2 fouler A D tott.of24 5, example 2s AOAA.Of24 10.2.20/2¢__y.¥\ BlConfig-roiler) & didivibule- list 64 ins, 2.Dishribule list using PrePin fist : (Cong) K ip prePix-tist name [seqit\ VPermit |deny network: Imasle ° ky “ie der Reon +5 (ConPig Xtoiter Pefocad out Petocad ( CorPig-rouler’) X distri bute-ligh prePix-bist mame out Hleace pbx lel need processing roreRan access-list. THA feexample 4: cui f0.0.0.0/8 » (Conkig)% ip prePix-bish S38 permit 10.0.0.0)16 ~¢ x ) 10.0.0.0 /30 '0.0.0.0/24_ Nex (ConPis) Kip prePiax-Cist SES permit 10.0.0.0] 28, wd 10.0.0.0 18 10.0.0.0/30 (ConPig) % router etecal (ConPig-soiter) 2% didlribdfe-bist prePix- Gist S#S in _inlerfece example 2: '00.0.0/8 —» (ConPig)X ip prePin-ficy 64 “Permit (0.00.0[16 —» 10.00.0/ 16 Le 28. besstRan 10.0.0.0] 24 <= i * 28 Se 16 greateRan 10.00.0/28 Si or equal 10.0.0.0/ 30 example 3: 100.00/8 _. (ConPig) ip —prePis-list 64 deay 10.0.0.0116 _,, 10.0.0.0 /24 10.0.0.0 [24 _y.\ 4A (Config) ip prePix-list 64 permit Wso.0olae 7) 0.0.0.0]0 Le 32 = permtany (0.00.6 [30 3.Rodle-map: Femi, deny anol modi, .Adivale woite-mag: > 4 (ConPi-roiter) redistribute Fetucat [matric ___] [metvietype 4324] [subnets] [voule-map 759. ] & & OSPF only OSPF only w & >+Creale oile-ma (Contig) X rots map 1s YR deny F _AGonbs-roide-map)% match. ip address ACL (ConPig-route-mags) match ip address Peefix-list name (Conk: Cont ~Youler mop) Set mélvic Fy roide-map) K Set meticclype | pent type-2 S&A heSession 12 Fast 4 Feoute mop ... It is a Sophisliccledl Aceess Corral List, Used to permt, deny anck modify . BenePits oF Tole-map : \. Goat updales Filter (routing) . 2. Hodity data WaPPic pak (routed). 3. Use to ConPiguee BGP Policies } dlfribile. 1. Roite-mad as reuling upddtes filter : iN Credle voule-maps: A Show roiile-map (CorBg) miemop, ne Vt eens {sean Prom 40 by Allows discard, dePault and dida’t update update count auhomafic. (Conkig-voude-map) 3K match ip address ACL # “(ConPig-roile-map) KX malch ip address prePix-list ame (Config-roude-map) 2¢ Set metric —__ (ConPig-toate-map) % Set melivesype | type] type-2] TP no mofeh slalment exist = malch any. 1.2 Activate soute-map « (Config-roiler) 3% redistribodte. Petocal [oute-nap name | S&A &example £ . OE2 , Cost 3000 OE4 , Cost Sooo PEL and permit any witout (Cong )X access-list 1 permit 1.1.1.0 modiPication, ... (Conkig)X access-list 2 permit 2.9.2.6 (Config) access-ist 3 permit 3.3.3.0 (Config) 3 ip prePixlist 3 permit 3.33.0 24 (Config). roule-map Ta. permit (ConPg-raile-mas) % match ip address 4 (Config -rodte-map) X Set metric 3000 (ConPig) Youile-maps Tifa. deny 20 (ConPig-roule-map) K male ip address 2 (ConPig) XX foute-map Tika permit 30 (Conkig -roule-map) match ip address 3 (Conky -roita-mag) Xx math. ip (ConFig-roule-map) 4 Set metric. 5000 address prePix-list 3 (Conbig-toute-map) ¢ sét mélrietype type-t (Conhg) route-map> Ta permit 40 (ConPig) X rouler OSPF 4 (ConPig-router)) X redistribute. rip wdle-map Tifa Subnéts 2.Roule-map as policy based routing : 21 Credle roule-majs s (Cong) X Youte-map> name a |denyF [Seq] Permit deny Policy (use Rliey normal ruling Tsle) S&A 0of Conbig-roite-mmap) match ip address ACL #* source IP op (Corbig-voule- map) 2k match tos Priority X(ConPig-roufe-map>) AP match Qengti? min mex Package Lengte (Conbig-route-map) 4 Set inferface —_. DST nefwork. exists exactt ‘in youling table . (ConPtg-roule-map)x Set dleFault inferface DST nefwork doesn't exactly in wuling oble but aRere is a debult voule . (ConPig-roule-map) xv set ip neithop —___. DST network. exisis exactly in Youling fable . (Config-route-map) ay Set ip dePault nex!-hop — rot exoct molch For TST network. AK Show ip policy 2.2 Activate Youle-map : (Goff) ip policy roule-map rome ISPB is backup - «Data Souced Prom 1.1.2.0/24 Should goto ivlernet Rough ISP B and TP A is backup +Ddla Sourced From any offer subnets should be deopped. (Cong) xx access- bist 1 Permit LLLO 0.0.0.255 (Contig) ¥e access-List 2 Permit 11.9.0 0.0.0.255 (ConPig) a toule-map Hassen permit (Config-roile-map) 2% malch. ip address 4 (Config-roule-map) ar set deRult iiterPace So Sy (ConPig) se vodle-map Hassen permit 20 (ConPig-roule-map) A match. ip address 2 S&A BW (min. 1800 series) >T, = 1054 Hbps 3.1P Reve ove no good understanding for BGP Policies . When BGP is appropriate © 1. Hultiple pats belween A8s . 2.1P your AS isa transit AS - Servier ‘Provider Ble 3.IP dynamic palicies are requires S&A heSession 13 Part 2 BGP Table 1.BGP Neighbor table : It is Pormed manually (Conky) x router bgp AS (Config-router).A¥ neighbor jpoP neighbor yemate-as Neighbor ASH asi Ase A(conPig) 2 Youfer bgp 1 «——~ ebgp A(ConPig-router)3¥ neighbor 1011.2 remdte-as 2 B(ConPg) H# router bgp 2 <——— ebgp BConPig-rouler) ¥¢ neighbor 10.1.1 Yemdte-a8 4 AFShow ip bgp sunmory [1PoPreghoor | Asx | state | B Config) % Youler bgp 2 «——~ ibsp B (Config-router) 4¥ neighbor G_ remote-a3* 2 G(Conkig)2# touler bgp 2 <— ibgp Q(Config-router) 2 neighbor B_ aa 2 + @bgp + neighbors sluoud be adtvectly Connected by clefault. + ibgp + neighbors ray not be directly Connected . S&A2. BGP Table (BGP dala base , BGP topology ‘able ) : All learnt routes 2¥ Show ip bgp Attribules 3.Rouling Table. Best Toules , best altribules oiling fable CEF_, FIB (Rrwardling inf Base = FIB fable) Session 13 Rut 3 BGP Fackels |. Open msg: (Startup @hello) . (Config) 3 roller bop ASAE (Conkiq-router) 4 neighbor ‘SRe ip unicast A remole-as AS DST ip unicast B RID BOP. ® ian RID 2 » Hanually, iamwAS = + Highes loopback ip . + Highest Active physical infertace ip 2. Update msg. Tt Confains “neltuorkt. /mask., aftribules 3. Keep alive mag (periodic hello) : Every 603e0 ‘periodic hello Dead time = invalid time = 180 ¢e0.. 4. NotiPi Calon mag: notification Poblem ‘memory , CPU —> notPicaTion Lack of jam ok —> resource GRA) ae“BGP characteristic : |. Th egp pai vedor (= advanced Dv) wit defails (all altribbutes) 2. Neighborship is manually Configured & all BaP msg are sent unicast to neighbors . 3. @change send batched updates every 20 sea. 2, ono Dsec JF IS | By updatis darn —» Iifemet around taco Change / min 4. Use rich metric. Called alfributes . 5.Classless prlocals (FLSH, VLSH, Summarizalion, CIDR) . 6. Optional Authentication. _ E Symbol in roiling table "B". 8. Admin. distance = 20 ebgp , 200 ibgp 3. This Considered 08 application using port I#9 /TCP ...Session 14 Fart £ BGP Operation. @ shart up: Ocreale rouler id : -Honual . ~ Highest Loopback ip . = Highest Active physical intérFace ip . 0 Neighbor Discovery : WAL SAL (®)}+@)-+@)-_O 8) MM Tole Stale: no exchange yet A is still searching Por a roufe fo veach neighbor. 1a? yi Sass BAP A (config) Se rouilér bgp ASX A Config -reiler) 3 neighbor: 5A. Open msg Sto; P TOP _SYN (Reno. 174) \_ vemote-ag neighbor AS fick 1S¥nr Ack 1.2 Connect stole» BEP 3way handshake is done... 1.3 Open Serf stoke. Aclive. Ger open mag “my ASH, my RID" Stole sent msy 14 Open Confirm stole Gusting reply a OPen_msg 1.5 Established Stole: rouler received open cs. appear empty in neighbor Table. [sess Tor [AB oP neighbor PrcPixes Received no. oP nefivorks. Meighbor Table 2% Show ip bgp Summary () S&AO54 fo Di co €. xe ange OF Up’ toda network {mask , Altoids = dat. _ Raum BGP Table ... All lara voules AF Show ip bgp =pto build youling fable, choose best pate wLoA oMNE Session 14 Part 9 Neighbor ‘Discovery Condition 1. ConFgure for neighbor Command . (Config) 2X rouker bop ASX (conf roar) Af neighbor ____ yemole-as. __ 2 Neighbor Should be Yeachalble in rating Table . 3.Update sowce Loopback : A conker bgp AS <— bgp A (Confiy-roider) ¥ neighbor ZEEE remate-as ASK ry (con. -touler) riphbur ZEEE updaite-Source. leopbacko_ iP you have more than one pak to neighbor, make neighbor Ship beliveen Loopback ... All Youting protocals mags are witk TTL =\ “non witable” exept ibgp TTL = 225... ebgp neighbor Should be divectly Connected by defult, TTL = 4... iegp neighbor may not be directly connect, TTL = 255 ... S&A eS- BeConfig) sx router bop 4 BConkig-rwiler) 2% neighbor £666 _ yemote-as ASH BConkig-rouler) Ay neighbor 6.66.6 updafe-source Lcopbacko Session 14 Part 3 4.eBGP Nultihop : = 0 ASL £0 (p Cy 40 AS2 CE.E8 GO e) TFET A (Config) 3% rouler bgp 4 A (ConPig-vouler) ae neighbor LEFF remcte-03 2_ A (Config-vouler ae neighbor ZEEF update-source Lepback 0 oc only acceptable. dynamic willing pritocal befueen AS is BGP... A(ConFi arip voule, ZEZF 259.955.255.955 Si Alcona) 35 1 voule FEET 255.255.255.955 32 A ConPig-vouite) 2 neighbor ZF% _ ebgp-multihop [ 2] recommended to more securily S&A eeoslay! Session 14 Part BGP operation OCreake. ‘Rouler 1D : - Harual . - Highest Loopback. ip . -Highest Active physical IdeFace ip . (9 Neighbor Discovery : Neighbor Commancl . Tle Stake, Cian a (Conbig-router) neighbor ______. remole-as, —feighbor ip Should exist in Youling Table using any pritecall . Active State Nr Cus Coa _.Stop here iP Authentication not matthed .. Update source Loopback. (Conkig-vexiker) fener ——__— Updai-source Edlabligheot State XShow ip bgp Summary -eBGP TTL Consideration (Stack in idle) : (ConPg router) H¢ neighbor —____ebgp-multihop [2-255 255 bad (ap CidicSag - OptionaL ee A(Config) 2° Youler bgp AS2E A (Config-router) 2 neighboor iP of B_ passworol i800 B (Conky) 4¢ router bap ASAE B (con arn y POP A passuorol CSO _ S&A feRoutes Discouesy: Considerations :- -Adlvertise Networks : AlgT (10.0.0/24 ee Redislribule IGP into BGP: (Config) 2% souler bgp 4 (Config -roiter) 2 redistribute eigyp 4 yoile-map tag not YeCommanded x Use Network, Commanel : (Config) 3k rouler bap 4 (Conkig-router)ae network 11.0.0.0 mask, 255.955.955.0 Cuxse Anes Sunchronizalion Feule + Rlaorke Should exis! exactly (network. mask.) in vouling ‘table... pd ray Wd ly toile PCL) Cu) 00 Conmat CLD (ll Bui jy, —Aduerlige Summarized Network : ye % SL 640.008 - 65000/8 eure (Conk) ae rouler bgp L (Contig-roiden) AP netioork 64.0.0.0 mask 255.0 0.0 +inject bogus slalic mule. (Config) A¥ ip voule 64.0.0.0 2520.00 rullo + aggregale aoldress (Conkig-rouler) 7 aggregale-address 64.00.0 252.000 Qo S&A ae(Zi) Inside Stub AS ; we need network. Command or aggregate acklress Command to adverlise yoiles irle BGP world. (2. Inside Tansit AS (Service Povider) + ~Run iBAP insicle all transit AS outers (76 avoid black holes). -BGP split horizon rule: (1 aveid ivternat loops) Route learnt Rom ibgp Should never be advertised back. to anotler ibgp ... AS2 (Transit AS) > 83 . ASL ST Oe Nadel B 10.0.0/24 OE, 11.0.0.0/24 Conclusion: in Transit AS ‘un iBGP _, Fall mesh neighbor n(n-1) 12. —>Roite RePlector (disobeg spithorizon vale) . —> MP-BGP (HPISVPN) = TunnelsSession 15 Part £ BGP Operolion - Neighbor Discovery Consideralion : 1 (Config) 2 router gp AS neighbor (Config-router) ak neighbor peP neishber fo remdle-os ASA glonel ® (Config) 2x touler OSpP Ae old des oy) (Config-roulér) 2% neighloor ‘PoP ay inleface o.0.M grea A BlConkig) a router logp AB loopback (oii (ConPig-rouler) a neighloor ‘PoP neshleor fo Update Source 74 Mepback name befueen dePFeront ASs B Conkig-router) a neighbor ‘PePneighbar £0 ebgo-matthops TTL Aahow ip bgp ‘summary Routes Discovery: "exchange oP updates + network mask. ,atibulés” (0) Aolvertise Redes Stub AS (Conka) 2 roulér bgp ASX (Config- router) A network. [mosk ——____] 9 Synchronization “Rule : Paulos advertised by BGP shoud be leant by IGP. ste Connectect (Config) x¢ roufer gp ASX OSPF AIP, ... (ConPy-roulér’) 2% no SyachroniZallion & For Tansit AS : Fun iBGP on all Transit AS vouler x Pall mesh neighbor ship n(n-l)/2 ¢ Wule-rePlector (n-1) ..RR disobey BGP splithorizon rule... | HP-BGP (ulti Protocal-BGP) ...(HPIS VPNs) . S&A te U(ConP.a) ax rouler bgp 2 — (ConPig-rouler) Ae neighbor G remole-as 2 Q(RR): (Conk) 4% router bap 2 (Conkig-roulér) Ay neighbor BC/D,E temole-as 2 (ConPig-router) ap neighbor B,C/D,E roufe-rePlector-client @ Next hop selP Por Updates : (Conhig-roider) a¥ neightoor ip oP neighbor pext-hop-sd? ArShow ip bgp = BGP Table. Session 15 Part 2 ChooSing best Path “WLOA OXNI” B Highest qeight. defoutt o ... Cisco dllribule. Bdighest Local preference . default 100 BoOrignate roule prPerect over weceived wile. ud. se! H call asd Si) nad Colo, OU ys JOT @ Shortest AS palk fist (less ASs ishest). Least Origin (nékvork Commanal or vedislribullion S&A@Otest Hed. fit here of least BGP peighbor is preerecl over iBGP neighbor. @ Least RID. BGP by default Choose only pall? far foacl shaving used ConPigralion... (Config-rouler}4¢ maximum-patks Session 15.Part 3 BGP Attribules \.AS RAR List . : @ell Known mandato; Force incoming TraPRic Know by iBGP, eBGP Sy inevery update. or Confedleralion “divide AS ito sub ASS” ASE =e oleh aon N0.0.0]24 AS Pak bist 1109 0/24,(4,8,2,1) noo.0l24 : Oistaar(F) AS no. is prepended in eBGP Sessions... 144t4 Frader ‘BGP Table AlcerBs)4rroule-map A permit AConkig-route-map) ay match ip address 11 néuscrk-Imask | AS] a(amfig-ride-map) 4pset as-pal® prepend 11 4 I>11.0.0.0 /24 { A(Config) a vouler bgp 4 11.0.0.0]24 4,3,2,4 | A(Config-rouler) ay neighbor F vemole-as 5 A(Config-rouler) ar neighbor F route-map A {S&A (oss2. Local PrePerence.: Porce -0 outgoing tiaPBe dell Known — disCrélionary a4) 33 ojo Gel Krown — discrehonor In_iBGP session_only not in each rouler — 452 update 300.0.0/24 B (Conky) 2 roule-map_B permit —B (Config-roule-map) A¢malch_ip_address... 30 B (Conbig-roilermap) a Set tocal_prePerance $2 __Higrest is bestSession 16 Fart 1 BGP Attribules (Conk.g) 2% youle-map tag permit (Config=voule-map) 3 malch_ip.address_ = (ConPig-roule-map) a¥-Set coeight _deFault_o ‘ force Highest 18. best outgoing Ci8Co_alltribufe (never adlvertised). locally SigniPicart ytraPFic (ConPig-route-map) ae Set focal prePerence. leFault400, Highest is_best- landarel attribules (advertised inside. AB only) CHiBGP fardin .. cnlul voulets JO dy 5ySle iy, ule aaa (Config-roule-mmap) ay Set metric default 0 \ Porce Least is. best incoming aduerlised to all ASs (eBGP, :BGP) ye trafhic HED (Hulti_Exit Discriminator) (ConPigzroule-map) Ar set as-paik prepend ~~ —-—-— ... dePault_no_extas Least is best ———— No ASD. Groeten \ 2220/24(A) BGP Table (A) BGP Table [ retiwork /mask | ac | w 32.29.0/24 |B [> 2.2.2.0 12H clo —L ae Set. weight SO (on, A) Customer BaP Table . > on EorC: Set_meiric 50 Session 5. Origin Altribule = It is well Known mandalory.. update. |.1.0/24, Hedl= 50, | network /mask. [wi Jo | L-P s2.2.2.0/24 Blo ee 2.2.2.0 /24. | C. [0] loo (on. B). Set Local. ae eee 200 update 1...0/24,Hed=0, 83 pa cate AS pai dst 4. oader Sertice ) 111.0 /24 144.0 Jo4 16 Fart 2 ineach update 2 Ee 11.0.0.0/24 Ha) 110.0.0/24 AS RER] Origir me [orsn O_, nedworle, Commanol (is prefered) . _»tedislribule. le BAPa Ee Se ee jee sey. "BGP Table: bi.000 /24 Do Wooo/4 E 4 Et Next Hop Attribute: This well Known mranoblory ineach upda. - in BGP next hop is not rouler by rodler; itis AS by AS. Lis change only in eBGP sessions . La NX UE ® A a 5 ( © ( Sere, Jee I i : Sake cs rt eho ley ]No.0.0/04 SS next Lori) Igrp pd in BEP_NH_is_rouler in next as. least ACH mis Least foopback. BlconPig) ae miler bgp2 'B (conPig-routér) 3 neighbor —ifernall 1B next-hop- selP A_piplodes nr itso jap ileal 9) Ls Uy CryhS gid BCommunity Atiritoute: VRE (virtual Rouling & Forcoarcling) x «(Aer Changing any BGP Attribute you Shoula clear BAP So_altribufe“con take effect... Ae Clear ip_bop § asbncishbor | q All neighbors ) a Session |6 Rat 3 EIGRP(Enhanceol IGRP) 4, Advanceal Distance Vector: (Ci8co_prdoca! (Soon will be stanclardl) ‘mast (classless. Pataca)... IEIE multicast (use_224.0.9.lo) authentication (optional). 2. Itis as Simple Prdlacoh. Contiguacition ~ Operation 3. Conk igurallion.. (Config) ae vouiler— eigrp Bs, 78 cess (Conkig-rodler) 2% netivork. iPoP interface [w.c.ni] Class Cu 9nJe-cbfault bod CpisSags 09) ya bi Jhy mask ciuS oJ, ‘< 4. Seamless operalion amany ciPRerent Topology - 5. DUAL algorithrn : Choose best pal (Successor) and backup pole (Peasible successor)“O° DEX" 6 Symbol in Rouling Table. infernal extemal F. Admin. distance =. 90,170, 5 ae tot \_/R, (lo*/@w) 8. Melia. =256 [kod S S) (Sees +(t0. delay) 4 -astiaa)| Default x, ry ef K-volues Xk =ky =k, =0 Default. Metric = 256 1 ets delay) | Tos = Periorily (Config router) 2% melric. eit Oi} of ” prePered ot. TFTA etn K,—Ky kK 20:955 Ky Ky —KSession 1% Part 4 EIGRP Components a EIGRP is alayer 3 protocal no..88 that needs some offer Sluls fo_operole. properly. r _ DUAL (DiPPusion Updote_ALgorittim) : Choose Successor (best Pak) & feasible Successor (backup Poi)... 7 PDH (Rotocal Dependent Hodlule) : Itis Slw_aolaptible, makes eigrp work eit any rouledl protocal ...IPx Appletalk, IPvy., 1Pve “RTP (Reliansmission Tonsport Protoca2). bke TOP fu €igyp on 43... ©. @ Update, y¢ fees (Retransmission Time Out) {Upto I6 Times session tosdt_= reset neighbor Ship SRTT(Bmodlk __Hrello - Round Tigstime) \_, el RTO =n x SRTT neighloor Frilure Y 1G@RTO_or ghello intger-nunber_basecon phi Ie! inlerFace Tipe. — — aeEIGRP Tables 1. EIGRP neighbor table : Directly connectedt_neighbor 2 Show ip_eiqrp neighbor 1PoP neighbor | InteFace | satt| Rto 2. EIGRP Topology Table « All dearnt_routes. (me§ my neighbors_youliag table) we 2 Show ip 2igr;> Topology 3.F3. AFShow ip eigrp Topology all-binks, 3.FS., Non. 3. Reouling Table ; A best pais C68 search boy. tha 2X Show ip toule . WeWy Beech Ae Show. \p ule eigrp. EIGRP Packets ~ Hello Update ~ ACK... eee j @change ~ ReplgEIQRP Operalion _@Stortup . — ey 9 ISK _ — (Config) a rouler elgi E as oe —entayin) aerctooke. BePice [vem] 1, Neighbor Discovery: Tot Og C—O hello, _ - _— Neighbor Ship Condiilions = Sei Sk Loa) 1h Same subnet . oT. hn hana net Bh pO _.9. Same AS 4 “Global Process®... z 3. Same_\-values . “ATU. is tiebreaker” 4. Same. Adhenticalion (erode, Key) . + biiitalloge gfe! Jul Hashed (MDS). —(Conkig) ae interface SO : —(ConPigaiP) dip authentication moole_ eigyp 222 full] Hashed f a (Conig-iP) 3 ip authentication. Key-chain ede (Config) ay Key Chain 2M, toh brane’ eonptot Iyaot (ConPig-Key-chain) Ae Key 4 Har! vee (ConPig-Key-Chain) Ae fates LisCo 4 — (Conbig-kej-chain) aie accept Oe ime 0:00:00 14-08 255458 sr-208 (ConP’9-Key chain) Ae Key 2 “ eds —(ConPig-Key-Chain) Ae Key-sttring Ci8Co2 (Config Key-chain) accept -Hfelime 90:00 1280 23.64.51 282-208. _ Session IF ReA_3. 2. Roules Discovery: Pate néiwork mask , metric EIGRP reserve S0% of Bw max. for upolates (iPexist) ... Update [50% data T50uif (Config) a interface 30 (ConPg-iP) AP ip bandwialtk-percentage eigra 292 % “default 50” =p Bulicling Topology Table : Choose Guctessor 4. Feasible successor Best aaa Backup’ Pai feast melric achieve Poasibil ity. Conditions FD(s)_S AD(FS)_ FD: feasible distance (Pal! distance) metric. From my nailer Till St néliwork. AD: adlveitised distance (Yeporied distance) mélric. bélveen my_neighoar § oot eat Topology Table\ p 200:0.0|94A (Config) 3% access-list 64 permit, 90.0.0.0 A Config) ay touler eign 992. A Config -rouder) aie oad list 64 Sy 4. CobPset aclder 200.0.0/24 FD _ Vion BS, 30 FS a Via CS, 24 _{[s a MAD Ss, 45 FS Unequal, Loadsharing . : poe Ee —_(ConPig) ae rouder Migep 222: conmur alan on (Con? ig -rouler-) OF Variance —jtler “sePault. 4" Jn routing able =p metric Least. =p _ metric. # variance apis Variance! CAaiaial rs oo — Peasible. CondiTianochieved AF Show ip Protocals —Session 18 Part 4 E1GRP oPeralions @stutup 4. Neighbor Discovery. - ‘ie: o- 2240-000 Hello (8) fe network /mask , metric. 2.Roules Discovery . ~SummariZalion + ss EIGRP_by default Support mi -Summasy ais fo.12.0]24 Pre. (confi) roller a lo.13.0f24 Auto-Summary (Cankig-router) ¢-n0 ufo Summary Hina Sura : (Config) 2¥-interPace 80. (Config.8).4 ip. summargpaddrees eigyp 4, Sumary mask [oistance ] _ bydlebeult 5 -RIPye . (Config-i®) 2 ip Summary-address vip Network mask —OSPE : ost (Conkig-rouler’) 2& Summary-address pelwork mask, manual Summary for netinorks Krown hy Type 5 LSA we (ConPig-roider) 3¢ avea.__ yayge. network _mosk manuak summary For netvorks Known by Type 313A— BGP: (Config rouler). 2 aggregale- -address _ndoork a2 | sumneg-ofg) default BGP will advertise details + Summary? 2.exlva_optional_attributes a aggregator IDO Atomic. a.ggregale. ol Stoo ASS gaonols Ging 9 Fag, Z Session 18 Part 2 @Convergence. _+ 0 periodic update. - Periodic hello . every 5 Seco every 60 Sec. Ethernet | MPLS -FRIATH | X.25 PPP ADE iP speed < T, -FRIJATH] X25. iP speeds T, SIP v2 Periodic update every s0 sec. ft faut —OSPFE : Periodic LSA_every 30min(For Lspe | rePresh ned) : Commanal to Cancel it. _-BGP.+_NO_periodlic upalate. @ change: : - IP oiler disabled eigrp : — Goodbye (Conkig)¥ no rouler-eigyp 922. (1 7 Talla