MEDIUM

AND
TECHNIQUE
Mr. Richard Mark Base, LPT
Work of art
• the skillful manipulation of a medium
to express an idea or an experience.

Medium
• is the substance that is manipulated.

Technique
• describes the skillful manipulation of the medium.
VISUAL ARTS
POTTERY
 POTTERY
oldest art form since its medium,
earth is abundant.

TERRA COTTA
earthenware that is typically reddish
brown, fired porous, and kept unglazed.
 CERAMICS
Definition of Terms:

glazed –
clay formed with other covered
elements, fired at higher porous –
temperature to harden the secure
material, glazed to make it non-
porous.

GLAZE
coating of a glass-like substance fused with
clay material to make a ceramic waterproof.
 Free modelling
THREE BASIC
POTTERY TECHNIQUES
Hand-
construction 1. Free modelling
2. Hand – construction
3. Potter’s wheel
Potter’s wheel
 Definition of Terms:

STONEWARE vitreous –
ceramics made from vitreous or having
semi-vitreous clay fired at high qualities of
glass
temperatures.

CELADON
glaze in pale greyish shade of green used on
stoneware, associated with the Song dynasty
of the 13th century.
 Clay artist who do
functional pieces are
called potters, while
those who use the
same medium for sheer
expression are referred
to as sculptors?

TENMOKU
dark glaze with a surface that resembles oil
spotting, found in Chinese and Japanese
ceramics.
Rita Gudino, a professor of the University
of the Philippines College of Fine Arts is a
ceramic sculptor well known for her work
Lual.

Gudino is
influenced by
traditional
Japanese teacups
technique called
naku?
WEAVING
 WEAVING
process of combining warp and weft
components to make a woven
structure.

the three outstanding traditional forms

of weaving without a loom are:
palaspas, basketry, and banig.
 Definition of Terms:

PALASPAS primeval –
primeval form of earliest
palm leaf weaving pliant –
and originated in flexible
indigenous
worship rituals.

BASKETRY
process of weaving pliant materials
into a casing.
 FOUR BASIC TYPES OF
BASKET WEAVES

1. Coiled grasses
2. Plaited ribbons
3. Twined and crossed
soft fiber
4. Wicker reed or cane
 Plainted Reed or
ribbon cane

Coiled Twined/
grass crossed
 the most common materials for
baskets are bamboo, rattan, buri
and buntal.

P
A
S
I
K
parts of the basket are I
N
the base, walls, rim, and G
handle (Ifugao)
 Milo Naval uses leaves, vines, and
grasses, and also recycles discarded
materials such as bottled caps, corrugated
boxes, tarpaulin, rubber tires into elegant
accent furniture.

Definition of Terms:

discarded
– no longer
useful
corrugated
– fold
 among the best and most colorful mats
are made in Sulu and Tawi-tawi, whose
weavers use pandan plant in weaving.

In basketry,
horizontal strands
are called weaver;
supporting
BANIG vertical strands
mat woven from are called spokes?
leaves or grass.
 Bohol has a long tradition of mats made
from sea-grass (Rhynchospora
corymbose); colors used are magenta,
dark green and purple.

Mats intricate design are also made in

Pandan and Libertad in Antique
province. Iloilo mats are simple with
colored border designs.
TEXTILE
 B
A
C
TEXTILE ART K
primarily done through back S
strap weaving. T
R
A
P
Back strap weaving is a craft
L
which has existed since O
Neolithic times. O
M

Back strap weaving is called insibet or impaod among

Cordillerans of the North, most notably among the Ifugao,
Bontoc, Ilianun, and Itneg.
 IKAT
Closely related to back strap
weaving.

T’boli use it in Ikat was a

vanishing
making their tradition in
unique fabric Ifugao until
called t’nalak. 1960s?
PAINTING
 PAINTING
process of applying color or pigment suspended in binder onto
a flat or two-dimensional surface, such as paper, wood, or
cloth.
Alvaro Jimenez of
San Fernando,
Pampanga uses corn
and banana leaves
and stalks treated
with silica gel as a
canvas for his
The Great Wave off Kanagawa One of the works of Jimenez
paintings.
Guernica by Pablo
Picasso (1937)

Venus of Orbino
(1532 or 1534)
SCULPTURE
 UKIT (WOOD CARVING)
Craft on wood by means of incising
designs with a knife or subtracting parts
of the material wood with a chisel.
Definition of Terms:

incising –
B
cutting U
L
SCULPTURE
art of making three-dimensional
U
forms. L
 THREE BASIC METHODS OF
Modelling
CREATING SCULPTURE

Subtraction 1. Modelling (addition)

2. Subtraction
3. Construction
Construction
 Justino Paloy Cagayat Jr. (religious
Woodcarving is
figure carver) and Luisito Ac-ac (Filipino
popular among
classic subjects carver), are two of the the Tagbanua in
best known sculptors in Paete today. Palawan?

For local market,

woodcarvers use narra,
while mahogany or
tanguile are used for
export market.
METAL CRAFT
 CASTING
K process of forming three-
U dimensional duplicates by using
L
I molten material to solidify in a
N mold made from an original art.
T
A
N
G

METAL CRAFT
art of executing artistic designs in
metal
 COLD CASTING
process of mixing a variety of powder
with a binder resin and applying
mixture into a mold.

LOST-WAX
method of metal casting in which a
molten metal is poured into a mold that
has been created by means of a wax
model.
 other forms of metalwork include hand
shaping and pounding of metal sheets, a
laborious method which transforms flat
metal sheets into sturdy, solid objects.

Sculpture has
been the most
challenging and
capital-intensive
of the plastic
arts?
GRAPHIC ARTS
 GRAPHIC
“to write” or “to illustrate”

PRINT MAKING
Process of making an art image by
hand on a flat-surfaced plate and
inking this to transfer its image
onto paper.
 THREE BASIC CATEGORIES
Relief
OF PRINTMAKING

Intaglio 1. Relief
2. Intaglio
3. Planographic process
Planographic
process
PAPER CRAFT
 PAPIER MACHE
made up of pulp or
T
sheets of papers glued A
K
and pressed together and
molded while moist to

A
form a three-dimensional
object.
Definition of Terms:

Papier
Mache –
Papier mache is called taka in Paete, Laguna chewed
where it is a traditional women’s craft. paper (a
French term)
 HANDMADE PAPER – MAKING
Salay in Misamis Oriental is the site of a small-scale
handmade paper industry founded in 1987.

Forest Products
Research and
Development
Institute conducts
technical training on
handmade paper
processes?
 PAPER CUTTING ART
Pastillas pabalat art is a traditional craft
which originated in San Miguel Bulacan.
Luz Ocampo made
pastillas wrappers from
papel de hapon – cut-outs
that depict traditional
motifs like bahay kubo,
Maria Clara, pounding
rice, fowls’, flowers,
and trees.
Luz Ocampo’s works that depicts
traditional motifs
Luz Ocampo first
learned paper
cutting in fifth
grade and an expert
in the art of carving
fruit?
ORNAMENT ART
 ORNAMENT
pattern or motif used to decorate a
main object, parts of a building, a
person or a general environment.
 F
U A
Y K
A B
Y I
A L

PERSONAL ORNAMENTS
objects worn by a person to enhance
appearance and signify status.
 Brass smiths from Batangas and
Cavite cast anting-anting or talismans,
medals with esoteric inscriptions and
Catholic images to protect the wearer
from harm.

In traditional cultural Definition of Terms:

communities, ornaments brass –

have ritual functions and alloy of
often signify emotional copper
states such as happiness,
grieving or triumph? esoteric –
abstract
CONCEPTUAL
ART
 CONCEPTUAL ART
philosophical form of fine arts to
creation where an idea or process is
more important than a finished
object made by hand.

FOUND OBJECTS
machine produced articles for daily use
that are transformed simply by
removing it from its original context to
signify a different message
Cristóvão Canhavato, Throne of Weapons.
 Definition of Terms:

Sculptor Federico Pete Jimenez’ Mom is his assemblage –

collection/gather
one of his many assemblages of metal
objects from junkshops, soldered into soldered –
attaching
delightful, and witty sculptures.

Today, found objects

are incorporated into
painting, sculpture, and
printmaking?

Federico Pete Jimenez’ wages war against the corona virus

 MULTIMEDIA ARTS
broader scope where visual elements are
combined with non-visual such as sound,
motion, literature, drama, dance, graphics,
music, performance, and situation.

PERFORMANCE ARTS
anti-thesis to theater and the materials
are the performer’s body and its
interaction with an audience, and it may
either be scripted or spontaneous or
planned with improvisations.
ARCHITECTURE
ARCHITECTURE
 ARCHITECTURE
creative conceptualization of
graphic descriptions of a building
or blueprints.

Materials and
techniques affect both
the aesthetic and
functional properties of
a building?

Quezon City Hall, University of the Philippines in

Diliman. (Photo by Ramon F. Velasquez via
Wikimedia Commons)
MATERIALS OF FILIPINO
ARCHITECTURE

1. Plant-based (wood)
2. Masonry (stone)
3. Metals (stainless)
4. Glass (windows)
5. Composite materials
 TECHNIQUES IN
ARCHITECTURE
1. Load-bearing
2. Arches, vaulting,
domes
3. Thin shell
4. Folded plate
5. Geodesic dome
6. Tensile
 Arches, vault,
dome

Load bearing Thin shell

 Geodesic
dome

Folded plate Tensile

– FIN –