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The Influence of Technology on Architecture Design 4.0

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INCITEST 2020 IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 879 (2020) 012149 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/879/1/012149

The Influence of Technology on Architecture Design 4.0

M Fadjri1, Y A Ekawardhani2*
1Departemen Teknik Arsitektur, Universitas Komputer Indonesia, Indonesia
2Departemen Desain Komunikasi Visual, Universitas Komputer Indonesia, Indonesia

Email: *[email protected]

Abstract. The purpose of this research is to find the trends in the use of building design
visualization or visualization technology. The world of architecture is experiencing significant
developments, especially in the context of visual presentations. Digital technology is constantly
being updated, touching the technical realm of the visualization, which previously done with
sketching, modelling, and rendering techniques. This research used literature review from related
research and interviews with students majoring in Architecture. The results of this study are the
trends in the use of special architectural software among students majoring in Architecture
engineering. Mastery of special architectural software will help facilitate the development of
building designs, especially in the face of the technology era 4.0.

1. Introduction
Technological progress in the era of globalization covers the world. The progress is often interpreted
as modernization, making it easier for humans to control nature, science, improve welfare, and increase
student effectiveness through technological features. With the development of IT, humans can do things
that have never been imagined. Architecture world is also inseparable from the influence of
technological development, apart from being a residence, building is an art that can become the identity
of a nation, and can foster a sense of nationalism. On the other hand, that point can also attract local and
foreign tourists for observation, travel, or even research, but Architecture is not only about building, but
also social art. It is our responsibility to ensure architecture is not only a functional comfort but also a
spiritual comfort. Architectural design must be relevant to the community and provide a good solution
for the community's needs. Architecture is a reflection of the culture in which it was founded. Form and
composition contain philosophical values and specific purposes.[1]
"Green architecture" is a solution of design that minimizes effects on human health and the
environment. Green architecture seeks to preserve water, air, and earth to be sustainable by choosing
eco-friendly building materials in construction [2]. Eco-friendly architecture is one of the main factors
for architects to create a better life in all aspects of human activity in a relatively long period of time.
this reason is the background why green architecture is the main goal of today's architecture that is
carefully thought out [3]. 10 years ago, these various environmental issues were not effective enough to
simply be solved, most of students at school become victims of pressure because of their many
assignments. This has an impact on performance degradation even academic grades create stress on
students [4]. Environmental issues, particularly global warming, are becoming topics that have emerged
along with the rapid advancement of technology. An international study has found that patterns of human
activity have caused global warming, at least in the last two centuries. Mathiesen has written about
climate change in Climate Home News, he addressed to Professor Nerilie Abram (Associate Principal
Researcher at The Australian National University) who have pinpointed the moment when the earth’s
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INCITEST 2020 IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 879 (2020) 012149 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/879/1/012149

temperature began to rise because of human greenhouse gas emissions to between 1830 and 1850 [5].
It was one of those moments where science really surprised us.
The use of software for building design development is increasingly intense, because there are
various facilities. Among these are able to shorten the time of making designs, and depictions that
increasingly resemble the original shape and environment. The client will get a complete depiction of
the design plan that will be made. The process of correction and discussion is faster and clearer. One of
the softwares is SketchUp application which can help students’ spatial visualization abilities at
universities as an alternative to making geometry or buildings in higher complexity easier, as well as
being a media presentation to clients about an architectural design. [7]. However, with the presence of
IT application software, students and practitioners are now more helped in working on assignments to
construction projects [8-10]
The purpose of this study is to describe and analyze the impact and level of effectiveness of the use
of Information Technology (IT) on the world of Architecture. This research used literature review from
related research and interviews with students majoring in Architecture.

2. Method
This research uses descriptive and interview methods. Descriptive method is used to describe the
significant influence of the use of Information Technology (IT) on the world of Architecture, especially
softwares that has been used in the last two decades. Interview method is used to find out which
Architecture software is popularly used to help work assignments and studios. This interview address to
100 samples of architecture students of Universitas Komputer Indonesia.

3. Results and Discussion

3.1. Supporting Software of Architecture

The use of software to the world of Architecture is quite diverse. From 110 respondents, 275 inputs
were obtained. The inputs were filtered because some software is not related to design of architecture
and some other software only has such a small frequency. Software data that is popularly used after the
being classified were:
• Architectural Modelling Software:
AutoCAD first launched in 1982, it is generally popularly used to make 2D plans which are often
used as reference material in field construction projects, especially in Indonesia [8]. AutoCAD is one of
the most popular software among architects. Display that resembles a work image was created manually,
making this software can still be easily understood by users (see Figure 1).

Figure 1. AutoCad

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INCITEST 2020 IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 879 (2020) 012149 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/879/1/012149

Other software is SketchUp, which was released in August 2000 as a general-purpose 3D content
creation tool. This application won the Community Choice Award at an exhibition in 2000. The reason
respondents chose this software is because SketchUp features are intuitive and supported by accurate
dimensions. Besides being able to export and import 2D images in various formats and vectors,
SketchUp can also exchange 3D model files with other applications in several formats, such as DWG
and 3DS [6] (see Figure 2).

Figure 2. SketchUp

Drawing with SketchUp can make the picture looks more realistic. This software also easy to use,
even for first time user. The next software is Revit, reborn in 2012, an application that has advantages
in making 3D parametric which includes geometric and non-geometric designs and construction cost
information, also known as Building Information Modelling (see Figure 3).

Figure 3. Revit

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INCITEST 2020 IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 879 (2020) 012149 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/879/1/012149

According to reviews.financesonline.com, Autodesk Revit is a multi-discipline BIM software with

toolsets for architectural design, MEP and structural engineering, as well as construction. This software
can provide the composed of architecture, engineer, and construction. The other software is 3dsMax,
reborn in 2005 into a 3D vector graphics and animation software (Interior Architecture). This software
used for modelling and animation, especially for game developers, visual effects artists, and graphic
designers (see Figure 4).

Figure 4. 3DxMax
Creating massive worlds, stunning scenes, and engaging Virtual Reality (VR) experiences, can be
created by this software.

• Rendering Software of Architecture:

Photoshop was developed by Thomas and John Knoll from the United States in 1987. To do image
editing or photo projects that are done to make it look more realistic according to the final results they
want (see Figure 5).

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INCITEST 2020 IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 879 (2020) 012149 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/879/1/012149

Figure 5. Photoshop

Vray, an alternative rendering plugin application used in graphic design processing applications. The
main reason respondents use it is because the Vray rendering results are sometimes better than the
default rendering so that many users use it (see Figure 6).

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INCITEST 2020 IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 879 (2020) 012149 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/879/1/012149

Figure 6. V-ray

3.2. The Most Used Application of Architecture

From the results of interviews with respondents, AutoCAD software was most often used by students
and practitioners of architecture. While for rendering, Photoshop became the most favourite (see Figure
7).

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INCITEST 2020 IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 879 (2020) 012149 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/879/1/012149

Figure 7. Percentage from Respondent used Application of design

4. Conclusion
Information Technology (IT) plays an important role in the world of Architecture from modelling to
visual rendering so that the design work becomes more effective, efficient, and communicative in
helping to create a better life for the community.

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