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Fluid Mech 2 Report - Frictional Loss in Pipe

This document discusses an experiment conducted to determine friction losses in pipes. The experiment uses the Darcy equation to calculate head loss due to friction based on parameters like fluid velocity, pipe diameter, and roughness. Four different pipe types - straight, elbow, 90-degree angle, and expanding/contracting pipes - were tested. Reynolds numbers were calculated to determine if flow was turbulent or laminar. The goal was to obtain head loss results for each pipe using the Darcy friction factor and other variables in the Darcy equation.

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69 views2 pages

Fluid Mech 2 Report - Frictional Loss in Pipe

This document discusses an experiment conducted to determine friction losses in pipes. The experiment uses the Darcy equation to calculate head loss due to friction based on parameters like fluid velocity, pipe diameter, and roughness. Four different pipe types - straight, elbow, 90-degree angle, and expanding/contracting pipes - were tested. Reynolds numbers were calculated to determine if flow was turbulent or laminar. The goal was to obtain head loss results for each pipe using the Darcy friction factor and other variables in the Darcy equation.

Uploaded by

melvajoshuana
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Abstract

In Engineering Fluids Mechanics Lab, we had to conduct this experiment and


come out with a complete report. The title for the experiment is “Determination of Friction
Losses in Pipes”. It is necessary to estimate the head loss that occurs due to the flow of the
fluid through the pipelines. We are considering the velocity of flowing fluid, roughness and
diameters of pipes that will be shown the Reynolds Numbers. So based on the Reynolds
Numbers, we will calculate it to determine whether it is turbulent flow or laminar flow. In this
experiment we have four different types of pipes which are straight pipe, elbow pipe, 90° angle
pipe, for the 50mm radius,150mm radius, 100mm radius, expansion from 13.6mm to 26.2mm,
contraction from 26.2mm to 13.6mm. With Darcy Weisbach friction factor, velocity of flow in
pipe, diameter of pipe and length of pipe, we will obtain the result of head loss due to the friction
in those pipes.

The Darcy Equation is a theoretical equation that predicts the frictional energy loss in a pipe
based on the velocity of the fluid and the resistance due to friction. It is used almost exclusively
to calculate head loss due to friction in turbulent flow.

Where,

hf = Friction head loss,


f = Darcy resistance factor,
L = Length of the pipe,
D = Pipe diameter,
v = Mean velocity,
g = acceleration due to gravity
Introduction
When a fluid flows through a pipe, resistance to the flow results in a loss of pressure. This
pressure loss is due to energy expended to overcome viscous and frictional forces within the
fluid, as well as losses due to fittings, such as valves, elbows, and expansions. Head loss is the
main type of pressure loss for pipe flows, and it occurs mainly due to frictional losses. Minor
losses due to fittings are also present, but they make up a much smaller percentage of the total
head loss(Ahmari & Shah, 2018; Haddad & Yasmina, 2002).

In practice, pipe losses can come into play when calculating flow rates in pipes connecting two
reservoirs at different levels or when determining the additional head required to double the flow
rate on an existing pipeline. These pipe losses are based on a number of factors, such as the
viscosity of the fluid, the size of the internal pipe diameter, the internal roughness of the inner
surface of the pipe, the change in elevation between the ends of the pipe, the material of the pipe,
and the length of the pipe. The major losses, that is the friction loss, can be calculated using the
Darcy-Weisbach formula and the Chezy’s formula (Ahmari & Shah, 2018; Yasmina &
Rachid, 2015).

There are three different types of fluid flow in a piping network according to Haddad &
Yasmina, (2002). These are laminar flow, transitional flow and turbulent flow. They are
characterized by the Renolds number. For practical purposes, if the Reynolds number, Re is less
than 2000 the flow is laminar and if Re is greater than 4000 the flow is turbulent. For a Reynolds
number between 2000 and 4000 it is difficult if not impossible to resolve the nature of the flow.
The design of most systems should avoid flows in this transition region due to their
unpredictable behavior (Haddad & Yasmina, 2002; Kevin, nd). The frictional losses of
fluid flow is a function of the flow regime (Haddad & Yasmina, 2002).

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