Pearson Edexcel International Advanced Level

Time 2 hours Paper

reference WEN04/01
English Language
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International Advanced Level

UNIT 4: Investigating Language
Reference
Pre-release Material
You do not need any other materials. You are not allowed to take your
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*W68984A*
W68984A
©2023 Pearson Education Ltd.

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 Topic: Global English
Subtopic: Belizean Kriol
Belizean Kriol is an English-based Creole largely spoken by people with parentage from
both Africa and Europe in Belize, South America. The Kriol is influenced by English,
Miskito and Mayan Native American languages, as well as West African and Bantu
languages.  Although English is the official language in Belize and is spoken in education,
government and media, the Kriol language has become an unofficial lingua franca across
the country and most Belizeans speak Kriol with varying degrees of proficiency. In recent
years, there have been several projects within Belize promoting the language and its
literacy development.
Your investigation should focus on Belizean Kriol.
Areas to consider in your research:
• the language features associated with spoken and written Belizean Kriol, its
origins and historical development
• the influence of social and cultural changes through globalisation and education
• the social attitudes towards Belizean Kriol and the significance of cultural
preservation for Belizean cultural identity
• relevant theories associated with regional variation.
Suggested research resources:
Data could be taken from transcripts of speakers of Belizean Kriol in the public eye,
representations in the media and everyday conversations and writing.
Books:
Greene, L. (1999) A Grammar of Belizean Creole: Compilations from Two Existing United
States Dialects. New York: Peter Lang Publishing Inc.
Menjivar, J and Salmon, W. (2018) Tropical Tongues: Language Ideologies, Endangerment,
and Minority Languages in Belize. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press.
Nelson, C. et al. (2019) The Handbook Of World Englishes 2nd edition. West Sussex: Wiley
Blackwell.
Palacio, F. (2015) Beautiful Belize, Interesting Words and Sayings. United States: Lulu.com
Trudgill, P. and Hannah, J. (2017) International English. Oxon: Routledge.
Online resources:
https://www.sil.org/system/files/reapdata/91/95/49/
91954925699176285931841170600318709537/BelizeKriol_EngDic_49337_2009.pdf
http://www.nationalkriolcouncil.org/home
https://www.sil.org/about/news/kriol-english-dictionary-celebrated-belize
http://www.hawaii.edu/satocenter/pace/PACEarticles.htm
https://www.sil.org/system/files/reapdata/20/99/21/
20992139271472124394945438780794345365/The_Song_of_Kriol_
UnicodeElectronic2013.pdf

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General revision sites:
www.universalteacher.org.uk
www.englishlangsfx.blogspot.com
www.englishandmedia.co.uk/e-magazine

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 Topic: Child Language Development
Subtopic: Mealtime Interactions
Mealtimes can play an important role in language development, providing primary
caregivers the opportunity to encourage children’s socialisation and language skills.
Mealtimes can be good for promoting conversations with young children, expanding
their vocabulary and creating chances for them to listen, talk, and engage in turn-taking
interactions. A variety of language and interactions can be used to develop an interest in
food, instilling positive eating habits from an early age as well as developing confidence
in conversation.
Your investigation should focus on research regarding the language and interactions
used during mealtimes and the impact on children’s early language development.
Areas to consider in your research:
• typical language features and interactions between children and caregivers
during mealtimes
• strategies used to encourage engagement with food and how they promote
language development
• social, cultural and educational impact of mealtime interaction on children’s
communication skills
• relevant theories associated with child language development.
Suggested research resources:
Data could be taken from examples of caregivers or teachers eating with children (aged 6
months to 7 years) at home or at school.
Books:
Bee, H and Boyd, D. (2013) The Developing Child. Pearson New International Edition:
Pearson Education Limited.
Clark, E. (2016) Language in Children. Oxon: Routledge.
Fishel, A. (2015) Home for Dinner: Mixing Food, Fun, and Conversation for a Happier Family
and Healthier Kids. New York: Amacom.
Hall, E. (2010) Dinner Talk: 365 Engaging Conversation Starters to Help You and Your Family
Connect. London: Adams Media.
Rowland, C. (2013) Understanding Child Language Acquisition (Understanding Language).
Oxon: Routledge.
Online resources:
https://www.health.ny.gov/prevention/nutrition/resources/chattingmeal.htm
https://www.feedeatspeak.co.uk/blog/2021/30/positivemealtimelanguage
https://ndchildcare.org/file_download/3d6e7979-67a9-479a-9415-8b7ef48eb6a4
https://www.lifespanfundamentals.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Positive-
language-at-mealtimes.pdf
https://www.speechandlanguagekids.com/working-speech-and-language-skills-into-
meal-time/

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General revision sites:
www.babelzine.com
www.universalteacher.org.uk
www.englishlangsfx.blogspot.com

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 Topic: Language and Power
Subtopic: Sales Representatives
Sales representatives are responsible for selling a company’s products by identifying
prospective customers and informing them about products through calls, training, and
presentations, as well as providing existing customers with exceptional support. Sales
representatives are responsible for communicating the benefits of a company’s products
in order to drive sales. They serve as the point of contact between a business and its
existing and potential customers and have a range of responsibilities.
Your investigation should focus on the language of power used by sales representatives.
Areas to consider in your research:
• the strategies used to influence and generate interest in products
• language features present within sales representatives’ communication
• the influence of social, cultural and pragmatic factors on the communication
techniques used to engage customers and close a sale
• relevant theories associated with the language of power and persuasion.
Suggested research resources:
Audio, video or transcripts of sales representatives selling a product.
Books:
Bowden, M. (2012) Winning Body Language for Sales Professionals: Control the Conversation
and Connect with Your Customer without Saying a Word. New York: McGraw-Hill Education.
Hopkins, T. and Eilers, A. (2019) The Language of Sales: The Art and Science of Sales
Communication. Washington: Made for Success Publishing.
Seidman, D. (2012) The Secret Language of Influence: Master the One Skill Every Sales Pro
Needs. New York: Amacom.
Fairclough, N. (2014) Language and Power, 3rd edition. Oxon: Routledge.
Mooney, A. and Evans, B. (2018) Language, Society and Power: An Introduction, 5th edition.
Oxon: Routledge.
Online resources:
https://www.salesforce.com/ca/blog/2016/10/sales-language-affects-bottom-line.html
https://www.sellingpower.com/2010/02/02/3487/turn-the-power-of-linguistics-into-
sales-magic
https://contactzilla.com/blog/how-to-master-understand-the-power-of-sales-linguistics/
https://www.onsightapp.com/blog/accommodating-cultural-differences-sales
https://uhurunetwork.com/sales-techniques/
General revision sites:
www.babelzine.com
www.universalteacher.org.uk
www.englishlangsfx.blogspot.com

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 Topic: Language and Technology
Subtopic: Military Communication in World War Two
During World War Two the need for communication between the armies, navies and
air forces of Allied countries gave rise to the need for improved long-range overseas
communication systems. As a result of the need to exchange information faster, and
more efficiently, telecommunications advanced rapidly in this time. Advances were made
in the capacity of telecommunication, radio systems and encryption which improved
navigation and secure communication between soldiers and pilots. Telegrams, a message
sent by telegraph and then delivered in written or printed form, were also utilised to
communicate between departments and with the families of servicemen and women
regarding their loved ones.
Your investigation should focus on electronic communication and associated protocols
used by the American and British militaries in World War Two.
Areas to consider in your research:
• the technological developments of electronic communication during World
War Two
• the language features and protocols used in military communication
• the influence of professional, technological and contextual factors on the
communication by military personnel
• relevant theories associated with the language of technology and
communication.
Suggested research resources:
Various examples of electronic communications available such as radio transmissions
between soldiers or pilots and telegrams sent by the military.
Books
Goddard, A. and Geesin, B. (2011) Language and Technology. Oxon: Routledge.
Godfrey, S. (2013) British Army Communications in the Second World War: Lifting the Fog of
Battle. London: Bloomsbury Academic.
Launiainen, P. (2018) A Brief History of Everything Wireless: How Invisible Waves Have
Changed the World. Switzerland: Springer.
Lubrano, A. (2016) The Telegraph: How Technology Innovation Caused Social Change. New
York: Routledge.
Rottman, G. (2010) World War II Battlefield Communications. Oxford: Osprey Publishing.
Online resources:
https://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/Visit/Museum-Exhibits/Fact-Sheets/Display/
Article/196193/war-of-secrets-cryptology-in-wwii/
http://digitallibrary.jccc.edu/digital/collection/WWII/id/601
https://www.mrcy.com/company/blogs/history-electronic-warfare-overview-electronic-
warfare-part-1
https://dp.la/exhibitions/radio-golden-age/radio-frontlines/radio-codes
https://militaryalphabet.net/military-radio-communication-tips-and-tactics/

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General revision sites:
www.babelzine.com
www.universalteacher.org.uk
www.englishlangsfx.blogspot.com

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