Automobile L 3

AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING ME-4203
L-3
D r. A b u H a m j a
Assistant Professor
A h s a n u l l a h U n i v e r s i t y o f S c i e n c e a n d Te c h n o l o g y
What did you learn last class?
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Content
• Basic Automobile Engine

• Automobile Engine Exploded view
• Main Components of IC engine
• Actions in the Engine Cylinder
Basic Automobile Engine
 Combustion in the Engine :

o Automotive fuels mostly two major component- hydrogen and carbon. During complete combustion fuel
react with oxygen and produce water vapor & carbon dioxide and also huge amount of heat which
converts into mechanical energy.
o Other by product such nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide also produce during combustion of fuel in the
cylinder.
 Basic construction of engine cylinder :
o Cylinder head
o Piston
o Valve ports: Internal passages in the cylinder head.
o Valve: It moves up and down at proper time by the valve train. There are at least two valves for each
cylinder which are known as intake and exhaust valve.
 Actions in the Engine Cylinder :
o Bottom dead center (BDC)
o Top dead center (TDC)
o Combustion chamber
Basic Automobile Engine
 Actions in the Engine Cylinder (Continue):

o Spark plug: It has air gap of 1 mm or 0.04 inch.
o Temperature of burning gas goes high as 60000F or 33160C.
o Pressure goes up inside the cylinder up to 600 psi or 4140 Kpa
Attribution: By Kohensar - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0,
https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=45271176
Main Components of IC engine
• Cylinder Block: is usually in one piece as it is cast in a single block it has cylinders which contains gas under
pressure and guides the piston. Within the cylinder the piston moves to develop power. It has passage for
cooling water flow, oil passage for lubrication, tunnels for push rod and crank shaft and cam shaft. The cylinder is
cast in engine block of cast iron or aluminum.
• Cylinder head: It is fitted on one end of the cylinder and act as a cover to close the cylinder bore. It contains
inlet and exit valves. In petrol engine, it contains a spark plug and in diesel engine, it contains nozzle or fuel valve.
A copper or asbestos gasket is used between the engine cylinder and cylinder head to make an air-tight joint
By Dominik wac - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0,

https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=47705020
• Piston: Its main function is to transmit the force exerted

by the burning of fuel to the connecting road. Generally
made of Aluminium alloy. It has good heat conducting
property and also greater strength at higher temperatures.
It is called heart of an IC engine.
• Piston rings : Generally made of special steel alloys.
There are two sets of rings, the upper ring prevents
leakage of burnt gases into the lower portion, the lower
ring prevents the leakage of oil into the engine cylinder.
• >> Compression ring for airtight seal to prevent leakage of
the burnt gases through the clearance between cylinder
and piston.
• >> Oil control ring/scraper ring for control the oil film on the
cylinder wall, prevent leakage of the oil into the
engine/combustion chamber.
• Connecting Rod: transmits power from the

piston to the crankshaft. The top end of the
rod is called the small end which moves up
and down with the piston. The bottom end is
called big end which rotates with the
crankshaft. Steel or duralium is used as the
material for connecting rod
• Crankshaft: Its function is to convert the
reciprocating motion of the piston into
rotary motion with the help of connecting
rod. This shaft contains one or more
eccentric parts called cranks. That part of the
crank to which connecting road is fitted, is
called crank pin. It is made of special steel
alloys. It is considered as the backbone of IC
engine.
• Crankcase: is the base of the

engine. It supports the crankshaft
in bearings. This is also acts as
reservoir for lubricating oil.
• Flywheel: is fitted to the rear end of
the crankshaft. It stores up a part
of the energy produced by the
power stroke and releases it during
the idle strokes. It is made of steel
or cast iron. It takes care of
fluctuation of speed and maintains
its speed fairly constant.
Actions in the Engine Cylinder
• Actions in the Engine Cylinder (Continue):

Thanks for your attention
Questions?
Abu Hamja ([email protected])

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AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING ME-4203

ⓘ Start presenting to display the poll results on this slide.

• Basic Automobile Engine

 Combustion in the Engine :

 Actions in the Engine Cylinder (Continue):

By Dominik wac - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0,

• Piston: Its main function is to transmit the force exerted

• Connecting Rod: transmits power from the

• Crankcase: is the base of the

• Actions in the Engine Cylinder (Continue):

Abu Hamja ([email protected])

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