10

Computer
Programming
Quarter III – Module 2:
Apply different control statements in a program: If . . .
Else

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Computer Programming – Grade 10
Self-Learning Module
First Edition, 2020

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Introductory Message
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For the learner:

Welcome to the Computer Programming – Learning Module 2 on Apply different

control statements in a program: If . . .Else Statement.

The hand is one of the most symbolized parts of the human body. It is often used to

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opener, an activity, or a situation.

Learn This section provides a brief discussion of the

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understand new concepts and skills.

Engage This comprises activities for independent practice

to solidify your understanding and skills of the
topic. You may check the answers to the
exercises using the Answer Key at the end of the
module.

Apply This includes questions or blank

sentence/paragraph to be filled into process what

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 you learned from the lesson.

Assess This is a task which aims to evaluate your level of

mastery in achieving the learning competency.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

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encouraged to think about the lessons particularly
the parts that went well (they have understood)
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v
 Explore

Introduction:

A program is executed, then computer starts with the first statement and

moves towards the last statement, executing all the statements sequentially one

after the other. The program execution is like a waterfall. The waterfall, has water,

once it begins falling, will not stop until it touches the ground and then it would

flow, taking the downward slope. Similarly, once a computer begins a program

execution it will not stop until it reaches the last statement, which informs the
computer that the program has ended and instructs the computer to take all

necessary actions to stop the execution in a smooth manner and release all the
resources in the program. But, we cannot always allow the program to execute
like a waterfall. We need to take some programmed decisions or we need to take

control of our program, and let the program execution flow that depends on the

outcome of a programmed decision.

Control statements are the tools we use where we control the program

flow as we desire based on the programmed decisions we built into the program.

As the name implies, these statements control the flow of program execution.

There are different types of control statements, in this module we will

discuss “If. . . . Else” statements.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

Q3_STE_Computer_Programming_ Module 2 Page 1 of 30

 Apply the control statement – If . . . Else in a program.

Sub-Task:

a. Understand If . . . Else statements;

b. Discuss the general rules for writing If . . . Else statement;

c. Write a simple program that applies If . . . Else statements.

PRE-ASSESSMENT

I. TRUE or FALSE. Write IF when the statement is correct, write ELSE when the
statement is an error. Write your answers on a separate paper.

______________1. If statement uses Boolean Expression data type.

______________2. All programming languages uses If . . . Else Statements to control a

program.

______________3. It is impossible to ignore the Else part of the If statement in a program.

______________4. An If statement can have multiple relational expressions joined by

logical operators.

______________5. If . . . Else statement uses curly bracket ({ })to enclose statements.

______________6. Writing If . . . Else statement in multiple lines is recommended for

debugging & maintenance purposes.

Q3_STE_Computer_Programming_ Module 2 Page 2 of 30

______________7. The If statement is perhaps the most important of the computer

programming skills and mastering it is not essential to writing good quality computer

programs.

______________8. In real life, we also apply if . . . else statements in making a decision.

______________9. When nesting an If statement, it is recommended to limit it to maximum

of 5 lines.

______________10. While there is restriction on the number of expressions in an If

statement, it is suggested to restrict the number of logical expressions to 2.

II. Fill in the bubbles. Write programming languages that uses “If . . . Else Statements.”
Write your answers in the bubble chart.

Q3_STE_Computer_Programming_ Module 2 Page 3 of 30

Q3_STE_Computer_Programming_ Module 2 Page 4 of 30
 Learn
In your previous lesson, we studied about arithmetic, logical and relational
expression.

Arithmetic operators are the symbols that represent math operations in the

program. Relational and logical expressions is the case of whether the answer is

always either True or False. The operators are symbols that bring one, two or more

operands together to create an expression. The operands are the two key deciding

factors of the outputs.

What is If statement?

If statement is a programming conditional/ decision making statement that, if proved

true, performs a function or displays information. Below is a general example of an if

statement, not specific to any particular programming language.

if (X < 10) {

print "Hello John";

What is Else statement?

Else is a programming conditional/ decision making statement that if previous conditions

are not true displays alternate information or performs alternate commands.

Q3_STE_Computer_Programming_ Module 2 Page 5 of 30

 my $x = 10; Explanation:

if ($x == 10) { The Code sets the

print "X is equal to 10"; x variable first as 10. If this

} value remains 10, then the first

if statement prints "X is equal
else {
to 10". But, if this value changes

What is If . . . Else statement?

This statement is the most useful control statement for programmed decision making.

The If statement makes use of a relational or logical expression to make the decision. At

a minimum, one relational expression is essential for an If statement. In some

programming languages, the entire If ... Then ... Else ... statement is written on the same

line. But in most programming languages, the If statement spans across multiple lines.

It generally takes the form:

If <relational or logical expression> Then

Statement
Statement
...
...
Else
Statement

Q3_STE_Computer_Programming_ Module 2 Page 6 of 30

If . . . Else statement evaluate the condition inside the parenthesis.

https://cdn.programiz.com/sites/tutorial2program/files/cpp-if-else-working.png

In most programming languages, they use curly braces { } to enclose the statements

between Then ... Else and between Else ... They do not use an Endif statement at all, and

only begin and end the If statement with a set of curly braces { }.

An example using real life situation where we make a decision and we use multiple

expression and we need to use multiple statement to make the decision. Consider this

classification of people by their age:

1. If the person is between 5 and 12 years old, that person is a child

2. If the person is between 20 and 65 years old, that person is an adult

Q3_STE_Computer_Programming_ Module 2 Page 7 of 30

Then, we use these rules for selecting a person’s life development. We need to develop a

set of control statements to make the right decision.

Let us use the variable labeled “age” to contain the value of the age of the person

between 1 and 100. With this let us form a set of:

FLOW DIAGRAM
START

If statements to arrive at the right decision.

If the (age >= 5) and (age <= 65) Then

If the (age <= 12) Then

Specify the person as a child

Else

Specify the person as an adult

Endif

Else

Specify the person as not categorized

Endif

END

We can use these conditions in performing different actions such as decision making.
We can use the following statements:

 Use if to specify a block of code to be executed, if a specified condition is true

 Use else to specify a block of code to be executed, if the same condition is false

 Use else if to specify a new condition to test, if the first condition is false

Q3_STE_Computer_Programming_ Module 2 Page 8 of 30

If . . . Else statement supports logical conditions from mathematics:

 Less than: a < b

 Less than or equal to: a <= b
 Greater than: a > b
 Greater than or equal to: a >= b
 Equal to a == b
 Not Equal to: a != b

Note: that if is in lowercase letters. Uppercase letters (If or IF) will generate an error.

General Rules in Writing If . . . Else Statement

1. An If statement needs to have at least (1) one relational expression that checks the

relationship between two operands.

Example:

int x = 10; Explanation:

int y = 15; The relational expression == is not the

int z = 10; same as the assignment operator =. The

assignment operator = assigns a value to

x == y // false a variable, constant, array, or vector. The

relational expression checks the
x == z // true
relationship between the two operands.

2. If statement can include multiple relational expressions with logical operators.

Q3_STE_Computer_Programming_ Module 2 Page 9 of 30

 // C++ program demonstrating ! logical operator truth
Example:
table
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
int a = 5;

// !false = true
cout << !(a == 0) << endl;

Explanation:

In this program, we declare and initialize an int variable a with the value 5. We then
print a logical expression.

3. There is no limit in using If statement, however it is recommended that lines can be

easily read in the computer screen. Recommended 2 lines for If . . . Else statements and

the use of assignment statement using data types.

Example:

int time = 22; Example explained:

if (time < 10) {

In the example, time (22) is greater than 10,
cout << "Good morning."; first condition is false. The next condition, in
the else if statement, is also false, move on
} else if (time < 20) {
to the else condition since condition1 and
cout << "Good day."; condition2 is both false - and print "Good
evening" to the screen.
} else {

cout << "Good evening."; However, if the time was 14, our program
Q3_STE_Computer_Programming_ Module 2 Page 10 of 30
4. To facilitate easy analysis of the statement while debugging the program, it is

recommended to restrict logical expressions to 2. For every one logical expression needs

to at least have 2 relational expressions. Two logical expressions equate to four

relational expressions. If the decision requires more than 2 logical expressions we can

nest them or use Boolean data type to assign the output of the evaluation of the

expression and use it in If statement.

Example:

// C++ program to find if an integer is even or odd or neither (0)

// using nested if statements using more than 2 logical expressions
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
int num;

cout << "Enter an integer: ";

cin >> num;

// outer if condition
if (num != 0) {

// inner if condition
if ((num % 2) == 0) {
cout << "The number is even." << endl;
}
// inner else condition

Example explained:

Q3_STE_Computer_Programming_ Module 2 Page 11 of 30

Observe that using nested if...else makes your logic complicated. If possible,
you should always try to avoid nested if...else.
5. Writing if . . . else statement in multiple lines is highly recommended in most

programming languages. This allows the program to be analyzed easily and

understandable for debugging and maintenance purposes. You can also add comment

using //, to bookmark the part of the code that you will detect and give attention in the
program.

6. The possibility of ignoring the Else part of the If statement in some programs, is high.

However, we must always consider weird data can change the program and Else

statement may be needed. It is recommended to embed Else statement even if there is

no variable between the Else and Endif keywords.

*** Proficiency in using If . . . Else Statement is a skill to practice when writing a good

program.

Engage

ACTIVITY 1: CODE ME!

INSTRUCTIONS:
1. In your laptop, desktop computer or cell phone, code this sample If . . . Else
Statement Syntax;
2. Then write your explanation in a separate paper. Five (5) points each.

Example:

Q3_STE_Computer_Programming_ Module 2 Page 12 of 30

 Programming
CODE Explanation of the Output
Language

int time = 22; C++ In the example, time (22) is greater

if (time < 10) { than 10, first condition is false. The

next condition, in the else if
cout << "Good morning.";
statement, is also false, move on to
} else if (time < 20) {
the else condition since condition1 and
cout << "Good day.";
condition2 is both false - and print
} else { "Good evening" to the screen.
cout << "Good evening.";

} However, if the time was 14, our

// Outputs "Good evening." program would print "Good day."

Data type used: int, Boolean

Programming
CODE Explanation of the Output
Language

int time = 20; C++

if (time < 18) {
cout << "Good day.";
} else {
cout << "Good evening.";
}

Q3_STE_Computer_Programming_ Module 2 Page 13 of 30

int time = 20; Java
if (time < 18) {
System.out.println("Good
day.");
} else {
System.out.println("Good
evening.");
}

int time = 20; C#

if (time < 18)
{
Console.WriteLine("Good
day.");
}
else
{
Console.WriteLine("Good
evening.");
}

Apply

Activity 2: If . . . Else statement in a simple program.

INSTRUCTIONS:
1. Write a simple program and apply If . . . Else statement to determine your
grade in Computer Programming.

Q3_STE_Computer_Programming_ Module 2 Page 14 of 30

 2. The program will read two (2) types of scores: Written Works (30%) &
Performance Task (70%) and determine the grade based on the following rules:
- If the average >= 75% – 90% => grade = PASS
- If the average score <75% => grade = FAIL
3. You can submit your code via my email address or write it on the space provided.

CRITERIA 1 5 6 8 10
ACCURACY The output is The output has The output has The output has The output has
totally incorrect. shown 4 – 5 shown 2 – 3 shown 1 error. no error/s.
errors. errors.
CODE EFFICIENCY Codes do not Codes generate Codes generate Codes generate Codes generate
work. output with 4 – output with 2 – output with 1 the output
5 errors. 3 errors. error. desired.
TIMELINESS Did not submit Exceeded a Submitted 3 – Submitted 1 – Submitted on
at all. week or more 5 days after the 2 days after or before the
after deadline. deadline. deadline. deadline.

TOTAL

4. The activity will be scored using the Rubrics below:

CODE HERE:

I. TRUE or FALSE. Write IF when the statement is correct, write ELSE when the
statement is an error. Write your answers on a separate paper.

Q3_STE_Computer_Programming_ Module 2 Page 15 of 30

 Assess

I. TRUE or FALSE. Write IF when the statement is correct, write ELSE when the
statement is an error. Write your answers on a separate paper.

______________1. If statement uses Boolean Expression data type.

______________2. All programming languages uses If . . . Else Statements to control a

program.

______________3. It is impossible to ignore the Else part of the If statement in a program.

______________4. An If statement can have multiple relational expressions joined by

logical operators.

______________5. If . . . Else statement uses curly bracket ({ })to enclose statements.

______________6. Writing If . . . Else statement in multiple lines is recommended for

debugging & maintenance purposes.

Q3_STE_Computer_Programming_ Module 2 Page 16 of 30

______________7. The If statement is perhaps the most important of the computer

programming skills and mastering it is not essential to writing good quality computer

programs.

______________8. In real life, we also apply if . . . else statements in making a decision.

______________9. When nesting an If statement, it is recommended to limit it to maximum

of 5 lines.

______________10. While there is restriction on the number of expressions in an If

statement, it is suggested to restrict the number of logical expressions to 2.

II. Fill in the bubbles. Write programming languages that uses “If . . . Else Statements.”
Write your answers in the bubble chart.

Q3_STE_Computer_Programming_ Module 2 Page 17 of 30

Q3_STE_Computer_Programming_ Module 2 Page 18 of 30
 Reflect

Today, I discovered that ____________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_______________________.

I encountered difficulties in ________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

Q3_STE_Computer_Programming_ Module 2 Page 19 of 30