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Lecture Notes Pe 2

The document provides a history of physical education from ancient Sparta and Athens to modern times. It discusses how physical education was viewed and implemented by various cultures, including the Spartans focusing on military training, Athenians emphasizing physical activity and education, Romans using athletics for entertainment, and the crusades promoting "muscular Christianity". In the 1700s, thinkers like Rousseau helped establish physical education as part of mainstream education. The document also defines physical education, lists its objectives in developing students physically, emotionally, socially, and mentally, and outlines components of physical fitness and types of physical activities.

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Angeline Sison
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69 views3 pages

Lecture Notes Pe 2

The document provides a history of physical education from ancient Sparta and Athens to modern times. It discusses how physical education was viewed and implemented by various cultures, including the Spartans focusing on military training, Athenians emphasizing physical activity and education, Romans using athletics for entertainment, and the crusades promoting "muscular Christianity". In the 1700s, thinkers like Rousseau helped establish physical education as part of mainstream education. The document also defines physical education, lists its objectives in developing students physically, emotionally, socially, and mentally, and outlines components of physical fitness and types of physical activities.

Uploaded by

Angeline Sison
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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REVIEWER

BRIEF HISTORY OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION

- The Spartans and Athenians were the first to have a type of physical education. Though very different, both systems
served the people and their needs. The Spartan system was similar to a dictatorship. Male children were taken at the age
of seven to learn basic military skills while living in barracks. When the children reached the age of fourteen, they began
learning group fighting tactics which would allow them to succeed while in military from the ages of twenty to thirty. Once
thirty, the men could then marry a women who had been doing some training of her own in order to produce strong
offspring. The philosophy of the Spartans was basically to allow them to invade other countries whenever they desired,
and to prevent other countries from invading them.

The philosophy of the Athenians was quite different compared to the Spartans. The Athenian culture was very
democratic, and focused on training the mind and body. Reading and writing was a large part of society as well as
physical activity which took place in the center of the city where the gymnasium was located. The physical education
philosophy of the Athenians was the high point of physical education for many years.

Some other cycle in physical education that we have evolved from are that of the Romans ,the Dark ages, and the
Crusades. The Romans era is a bit disturbing, but is nonetheless a cycle of physical education. Physical education for the
Romans was about athletics, which was primarily about entertainment. People were forced to fight even to the point of
death, and oftentimes fed to lions. During the dark ages, religion viewed physical education as a waste of time and a work
of the devil. The dark ages were a very sedentary time for human civilization. Following the dark ages in approximately
1096, were the crusades. The crusades were a time of muscular Christianity, because of the Muslims conquering
Jerusalem. Muscular Christianity is basically Christians believing that the more was trained to become good soldiers, the
more Christian a person was. In 1270, the crusades ended and so did the thought of physical education being worthwhile
until approximately 1400 when the renaissance period began. Physical education during the renaissance period is quite
similar to physical education today. It is done to enhance oneself, not to be doing something for someone else. The
development of physical education had another setback in the 1600’s when it was very functional and not a priority.
People believed that if it did not have a specific purpose, than it was a waste of time.

During the 1700’s, there was a big change in physical education that can be largely attributed to the three people:
Rousseau, Johan Simon, and Guts Muths. Rousseau was the first person to promote education for the masses and he
also thought of play being educational. In 1712, Rousseau invented an activity that is still used by millions of children
every day during recess. Johan Simon was the first physical education teacher and believed physical education should
be taught along with reading and writing. Simon believed physical education should include a lot of physical labor. Guts
Muths developed a series of gymnastic apparatuses and believed physical education developed very important social
skills. These people of the 1700’s and the thing began paving the road to where we are today.

DEFINITION OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION


- Integral part of the educational system which is designed to promote the optimum development of an individual in terms
of his physical, emotional, mental & social well-being through total body movement in the performance of properly
selected physical activities.
- A course taken in lower, middle, high school and collegiate level that utilizes learning in the cognitive, affective and
psychomotor domains in a play or movement exploration setting.

GENERAL OBJECTIVES OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION


< Physical developments
It is not only free from diseases but physical fitness as well
< Emotional Development
It offers opportunities for the development of a high level of self-esteem and ability to cope routine
stresses of daily living.
< Social Development
It is the development and maintenance of a meaningful interpersonal relationship.
< Mental Development
The individual develops his mental capacities as he learns the principles, rules & strategies of games & sports.

PHASES OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION


 GROUP GAMES
These are lead up activities with simple rules designed primarily for fun and enjoyment.
 DANCE
These are movements set to music where there are emerge organizations/structure.
 GYMNASTICS
Sport that harmonizes body movement to the tunes of choreographed music.
 RECREATIONAL GAMES
Activities done during one’s free time
 HEALTH SAFETY & FIRST AID
A temporary care given to a victim of an accident or those who become suddenly ill until the services of
the physician can be obtained.
 SPORTS
Activities we engage for pleasure, enjoyment, recreation, even as form of competition usually requiring
vigorous bodily exercises
CLASSIFICATIONS OF SPORTS
1. INDIVIDUAL/DUAL SPORTS
2. TEAM SPORTS
3. TRACK& FIELD
a. Running events
Sprint, middle distance races, long distance races, race with hurdles
b. Throwing events
Discuss throw, javelin throw, shot put
c. Jumping events
Long jump, triple long jump
4. AQUATICS
DEFINITION OF PHYSICAL FITNESS
PHYSICAL FITNESS
Is the capacity of an individual to accomplish daily tasks or activities with alertness and vigor and still has
sufficient energy to enjoy leisure time and still ready to meet unforeseen emergencies.

COMPONENTS OF PHYSICAL FITNESS


HEALTH RELATED FITNESS
1. CARDIOVASCULAR – the ability of heart and lungs to supply oxygen-rich blood to the working muscles
2. FLEXIBILITY – the ability of the body to move joints and muscles in a full range of motion.
3. MUSCULAR STRENGTH – a single contraction of a muscle in a short period of time.
4. MUSCULAR ENDURANCE – a repeated contractions of a muscles
5. BODY COMPOSITION – make up of the body in terms of muscle, bone, fat and other elements.

SKILLS RELATED FITNESS


1. SPEED – ability to perform successive movement with in the short period of time.
2. AGILITY – the ability rapidly/quickly change position direction of the entire body in space with speed and accuracy.
3. BALANCE – a state of equilibrium or equal.
4. COORDINATION – the ability to use senses together.
5. POWER – the ability to exert an explosive force of muscles, force quickly.
6. REACTION TIME – time elapse between stimulation and response.

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