Bio2 11 - 12 Q3 0403 PF FD

Lesson 4.
Reproductive
Mechanisms of
Speciation
General Biology 2
[1/2]
Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics
Some birds of different
species shares a lot of
similarities. The same
can be said for other
organisms.
2
Do you think they belong to the same lineage?
Do they have the same ancestors?
3
What is the primary driving
factor for the evolution of
certain species of organisms?
4
Learning Competency
At the end of the lesson, you should be able to do the following:
Show patterns of descent with modification

from common ancestors to produce the
organismal diversity observed today
(STEM_BIO11/12-IIIc-g-10).
5
Learning Objectives
At the end of the lesson, you should be able to do the following:
● Review the concept of reproduction and its

importance in organisms.
● Enumerate some prezygotic and postzygotic

adaptation that can cause reproductive isolation
among closely related species.
6
Reproduction
● Reproduction is one of the important characteristics

of all living things. In this process, living organisms
create new individuals that carry genetic materials
from their parents.
7
Reproduction
● Sexual reproduction is a form of reproduction

wherein sex cells combine from both parents to create
an offspring.
● Asexual reproduction produces offspring from a

single organism. It does not require the presence of
sex cells.
8
Reproduction
The process of sexual reproduction

9
What is the role of sexual
reproduction in changing the
structure of the population?
10
Reproductive Isolation
How can
we reach
you?
Geographic barriers can cause isolation.

11
What is reproductive isolation?
How can it affect the
population?
12
Reproductive Isolation
● Reproductive isolation refers to the collection of

evolutionary, behavioral, and physiological
mechanisms that drive speciation of an organism.
● Reproductive isolation maintains the integrity of a

species by reducing gene flow.
13
Mechanisms of Reproductive Isolation
Prezygotic and postzygotic barriers

14
Prezygotic Barriers
15
Postzygotic Barriers
16
What are the benefits of having
several mechanisms for
reproductive isolation?
17
Check Your Understanding
Identify if the statements are true or false.
1. Ecological barriers rely on the differences in terms of the

behavior of the incipient individuals.
2. To develop new species in the presence of ecological
barriers, the evolution of genetically-based internal barriers
to gene flow is needed for speciation to proceed.
3. Once sexual maturity is reached, mature individuals can
copulate and reproduce.
18
Identify if the statements are true or false.
4. Meiosis is needed to increase the number of cells in the

zygote that further divides and differentiates to form the
new individual.
5. Without the internal barriers to gene flow, two parts of the
population will freely interbreed once they come back into
contact.
19
Classify if the given scenario is an example of prezygotic

or postzygotic barrier.
1. Two individuals do not have the same body size and this
inhibits mating.
2. The individuals are both infertile.
3. The female cannot produce a complete egg cell.
4. Frog individuals having different voice calls.
20
Let’s Sum It Up!
● Reproduction is one of the important characteristics

of all living things. In this process, living organisms
create new individuals that carry genetic materials
from their parents.
21
Let’s Sum It Up!
● Sexual reproduction is a form of reproduction

wherein sex cells combine from both parents to
create an offspring. On the other hand, asexual
reproduction produces offspring from a single
organism. It does not require the presence of sex
cells.
22
Let’s Sum It Up!
● Reproductive isolation refers to the collection of

evolutionary, behavioral, and physiological
mechanisms that drive speciation of an organism.
23
Let’s Sum It Up!
● Prezygotic isolation barriers may refer to the

mechanisms that inhibit individuals to copulate and
have a successful fertilization event.
● Postzygotic isolation barriers may refer to the

mechanisms that inhibit individuals to have complete
offspring.
24
Challenge Yourself
Why do you think did animals evolve

with behavioral preferences for
mating partner?
25
Bibliography
Baum, David, Douglas Futuyma, Hopi Hoekstra, Richard Lenski, Allen Moore, Catherine L. Peichel,
Dolph Schluter, and Michael Whitlock. 2013. The Princeton Guide to Evolution. Princeton University
Press.
College of the Redwoods. Beaupre-Riggs. Lab 13: Evolution and Natural Selection.
https://redwoods.instructure.com/courses/2715/files/126998
Coyne, Jerry. 2009. Why Evolution Is True. Oxford University Press. Genetic Science Learning Center.
July 1, 2013.
Johnson, G.B., and Raven, P.H. 2001. Biology: Principles & Explorations. Austin: Holt, Rinehart, and
Winston.
Klug, W.S., Spencer, C.A., and Cummings, M.R. 2016. Concepts of Genetics. Boston: Pearson.
Mader, S.S. 2014. Concepts of Biology. New York: McGraw-Hill Education.
Reece, J.B. and Campbell, N.A. 2011. Campbell Biology. Boston: Benjamin Cummings/Pearson.
26

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Lesson 4.

Show patterns of descent with modiﬁcation

● Review the concept of reproduction and its

● Enumerate some prezygotic and postzygotic

● Reproduction is one of the important characteristics

● Sexual reproduction is a form of reproduction

● Asexual reproduction produces oﬀspring from a

The process of sexual reproduction

Geographic barriers can cause isolation.

● Reproductive isolation refers to the collection of

● Reproductive isolation maintains the integrity of a

Prezygotic and postzygotic barriers

Identify if the statements are true or false.

1. Ecological barriers rely on the diﬀerences in terms of the

Identify if the statements are true or false.

4. Meiosis is needed to increase the number of cells in the

Classify if the given scenario is an example of prezygotic

● Reproduction is one of the important characteristics

● Sexual reproduction is a form of reproduction

● Reproductive isolation refers to the collection of

● Prezygotic isolation barriers may refer to the

● Postzygotic isolation barriers may refer to the

Why do you think did animals evolve

Mader, S.S. 2014. Concepts of Biology. New York: McGraw-Hill Education.

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