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    Gramer Part

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    RYTHUBHAROSAPENUMALLA
    This document discusses different types of word formation processes: 1. Conversion involves changing a word's class, like forming verbs from nouns. 2. Compounding links word bases to form new words, like "backache" from "back" and "ache". Compounds exist in all word classes. 3. Abbreviation shortens words through clipping, acronyms, or blends, like "ad" from "advertisement". 4. Back-formation removes affixes, usually to form verbs from nouns, like "liaise" from "liaison". It then provides examples of compounds formed by combining word bases.

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    Gramer Part

    Uploaded by

    RYTHUBHAROSAPENUMALLA
    61 views4 pages
    This document discusses different types of word formation processes: 1. Conversion involves changing a word's class, like forming verbs from nouns. 2. Compounding links word bases to form new words, like "backache" from "back" and "ache". Compounds exist in all word classes. 3. Abbreviation shortens words through clipping, acronyms, or blends, like "ad" from "advertisement". 4. Back-formation removes affixes, usually to form verbs from nouns, like "liaise" from "liaison". It then provides examples of compounds formed by combining word bases.

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    GRAMER

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    gramer part

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    This document discusses different types of word formation processes: 1. Conversion involves changing a word's class, like forming verbs from nouns. 2. Compounding links word bases to form new words, like "backache" from "back" and "ache". Compounds exist in all word classes. 3. Abbreviation shortens words through clipping, acronyms, or blends, like "ad" from "advertisement". 4. Back-formation removes affixes, usually to form verbs from nouns, like "liaise" from "liaison". It then provides examples of compounds formed by combining word bases.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    61 views4 pages

    Gramer Part

    Uploaded by

    RYTHUBHAROSAPENUMALLA
    This document discusses different types of word formation processes: 1. Conversion involves changing a word's class, like forming verbs from nouns. 2. Compounding links word bases to form new words, like "backache" from "back" and "ache". Compounds exist in all word classes. 3. Abbreviation shortens words through clipping, acronyms, or blends, like "ad" from "advertisement". 4. Back-formation removes affixes, usually to form verbs from nouns, like "liaise" from "liaison". It then provides examples of compounds formed by combining word bases.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 4

    Conversion

    Conversion involves the change of a word from one word class to another. For example, the verbs to
    email and to microwave are formed from the nouns email and microwave:
    Can you text her? (verb from noun text, meaning to send a text-message)

    Compounding
    When we use compounding, we link together two or more bases to create a new word. Normally, the first
    item identifies a key feature of the second word. For example, the two bases back and ache can combine
    to form the compound noun backache, and the two bases post and card combine to form the compound
    noun postcard.
    Compounds are found in all word classes. The most common types of compounds are: Nouns: car park,
    rock band

    Abbreviation
    Abbreviation involves shortening a word. We do this in three main ways: clipping, acronyms and blends.
    We use clipping when we shorten or ‘clip’ one or more syllables from a word. We also commonly clip
    proper names for people:
    ad: advertisement, advert

    Back-formation
    We form words with back-formation when we remove part of a word, usually something which we think is
    a suffix (or occasionally a prefix). We do this commonly when we form verbs from nouns.
    For example: to liaise (back-formed from the noun liaison)

    Words, sentences and clauses


     

    Grammar > Words, sentences and clauses

    A word is a single unit of language. There are four main word classes: verbs, nouns, adjectives and
    adverbs.
    A clause is the basic unit of grammar, which is usually made up of a subject, a verb phrase and,
    sometimes, a complement.
    A sentence is a unit of grammar. It must contain at least one main clause. In writing, a sentence begins
    with a capital letter and ends with a full stop.
    Click on a topic to learn more about words, sentences and clauses

    Word Opposite Word

    Antonym Synonym
    Word Opposite Word

    Approximately Exactly

    Ask Reply

    Authentic Fake

    Awake Asleep

    Bad Good

    Beautiful  Ugly

    Before After

    Boy Girl

    Bold Timid

    Bright  Dim

    Broad Narrow

    Best Worst

    Child Adult

    Changeable Constant

    Clemency Ruthlessness

    Concise Lengthy

    Construction Destruction

    Delicious Awful

    Descent Ascent

    Dictatorship Republic

    Domestic Foreign

    Dwindle Flourish

    Early Late

    Entrance Exit

    Even  Odd

    Eccentric Ordinary

    Far Near

    Friend  Enemy

    Full Empty

    Funny  Serious
    Word Opposite Word

    Frequently Occasionally

    General Particular, Special

    Generous Mean

    Gentle Violent

    Give  Take

    Happy Sad

    Hard Easy

    Heavy Light
    . What is antonyms and synonyms with example?

    Synonyms refer to words that have the same or similar meaning to another word. Antonyms are
    words that mean the exact opposite of another word. For example, sadness is an antonym of
    happiness

    Examples of Word Formation by Compounding


     Over (adverb) + load (noun) – Overload.
     White (adjective) + wash (verb) – Whitewash.
     Black (adjective) + board (noun ) – Blackboard.
     Cup (noun) + board (noun) – Cupboard.
     Short (adjective) + hand (noun) – Shorthand.
     Swimming (present participle) + pool (noun) – Swimming pool.

    Exercise 3 – Form Compound Words


    Go through the words in the box given below and use them to form ten compound words.

    up, table, spend, load, green, machine, case, make, estimate, over, self

    1. _______ confident
    2. Washing _______
    3. Time _______
    4. Under _______
    5. _______sufficient
    6. Up_______
    7. _______set
    8. Suit_______
    9. _______over
    10. _______thrift
    1. Overconfident,2. Washing machine,3.Timetable,4. Underestimate5. Self-sufficient
    6. Upload7. Upset8. Suitcase9. Makeover10. Spendthrift

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