IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering

PAPER • OPEN ACCESS

Portable Water Cooler with Water Heater Using Thermoelectric and

Arduino Uno And Powered Using Power Bank
To cite this article: M K Fadzly et al 2020 IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng. 864 012216

View the article online for updates and enhancements.

This content was downloaded from IP address 45.13.28.147 on 10/07/2020 at 18:09

2nd Joint Conference on Green Engineering Technology & Applied Computing 2020 IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 864 (2020) 012216 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/864/1/012216

Portable Water Cooler with Water Heater Using

Thermoelectric and Arduino Uno And Powered Using Power
Bank

M K Fadzly1,2,3, S N Aqilah1, Farizuan2,3, T. Amarul1,2,3 and A R Irfan2,3

1
Centre of Diploma Studies (CDS), Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), S2-L1-26,
Kampus UniCITI Alam Sg. Chuchuh, 02100 Padang Besar (U), Perlis, Malaysia.
2
Green Design and Manufacture Research Group, Center of Excellence Geopolymer
and Green Technology (CEGeoGTech), Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 01000 Kangar,
Perlis, Malaysia
3
School of Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis

E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract. The purpose of this study is to use water cooler and water heater to improve the
convenience of the user so that they can use the water cooler and mobile water heater properly
and comfortably. This study focuses on how refrigeration and water heaters use thermoelectric
pads as a cooling and heating medium. Peltier works when the voltage is flowing from the
power bank. The temperature difference on the surface of the processor allows the heat to
occur at a fast rate. Arduino uno is used as a voltage regulator and temperature sensor to
improve product performance. concept designs are designed, created and evaluated. The final
prototype will include some markers that will be used as temperature readings by cooling and
heating. Based on the results shown, the prototype can achieve the desired result with
optimized energy consumption. When the temperature supplier produces a good temperature,
the amount of water temperature will rise and the heat in the water will reach thermal
equilibrium until the cold and hot temperatures reach a better minimum. Therefore, the
temperatures in the cold and hot areas are more efficient in achieving thermal equilibrium in
rising water.

1. Introduction
Water is very important for the body in everyday life because our body uses water in all its cells,
organs, and tissues to help regulate its temperature and maintain other bodily functions. This is
because your body loses water through breathing, sweating, and digestion, it is important to rehydrate
by drinking fluids and eating foods that contain water[1]. Or yourself, as a business owner, you should
consider investing a bottle of water specially designed for cold water and warm water only using the
power bank that we often use in the day.
This research is to design and produced a product to provide cold and lukewarm drinks in two
separate containers and can be taken anywhere as well as operating on a power bank. The purpose of
this product is to make it easier for users to use it. For example, in the workplace does not all have
water coolers and water heaters. Often, office workers spend most of their working day viewing
computer screens and complicated tasks that require a lot of focus. As a result, they are trapped in their
task of forgetting the basics like having a glass of water. Focusing on tasks is not a bad thing, but not

Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Any further distribution
of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.
Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd 1
2nd Joint Conference on Green Engineering Technology & Applied Computing 2020 IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 864 (2020) 012216 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/864/1/012216

getting enough water can affect one's ability to perform tasks while working. If you are worried about
the health and well-being of your employees or yourself, as a business owner, you should consider
investing a bottle of water specially designed for cold water and warm water only using the power
bank that we often use in the day.
With two different water temperatures, you can choose according to the temperature of your body
to drink. There are two conditions to drink when cold water or warm water is for example Dr Neha
says, ‘Never drink cold water while eating food. When you drink cold water immediately after meals
or along with a meal, your body spends a lot of energy in increasing its temperature [2]. This slows the
digestion process, which may cause indigestion. Warm water is also important for the body. Besides,
not the warm water only has its advantages and disadvantages, but the cold water also has its own
goodness and disadvantage. For example, ‘Avoid drinking warm water after a bout of exercise. As
your body temperature is already high post workout, drinking cold water will lower the temperature of
your body.’ explains Dr Neha [2]. Therefore, this product is very suitable in the various conditions and
temperature of your body.
There are plenty of collections of multifunctional water bottles in various facilities. We choose the
essential savings base to become our target product category. Because of this category, all our
multifunctional products are lightweight, able to carry anywhere and easy to prototype. All product
functions are easy to understand and control.

1.1. Problem Statement

Water is very important for the human in everyday life. This is because your body loses water through
breathing, sweating, and digestion, it is important to rehydrate by drinking fluids and eating foods that
contain water [3]. This product is created in smaller sizes, so it is easy to handle by the user. This
product is made in smaller sizes for easy operation by the user. This is because size factors also as a
role for the user. If it has a portable water container it has made it easy for users to use it anytime and
anywhere. In summer, people need cold water to do their work in a comfortable environment. So, we
need a portable soft drink cooler. Not having enough water can affect a person's ability to perform a
task. Instead of, if you are working in a very cold environment like in the office, it needs warm water
to lower your body temperature. Therefore, this product is suitable for all conditions and your body
temperature. In addition, if you have portable hot water, it can also help you get warm water
everywhere.

1.2. Example of Existing Design

Product designers should instead modify existing designs, rather than design new ones. This
modification to produce high quality products whether previously successful or unsuccessful design.
The cooling and heating effect produced by thermoelectric cooling performance analysis (TEC) for
high power electronic packages such as processors. Two sets of analytical solutions for TEC is based
on the TEC module parameters. The system constraint in intended is the junction temperature Tj at
constant cooling power Qc and for Qc at constant Tj, respectively. Besides that, the iterative procedure
that are often reported in literature. The fact that the solutions can be obtained without using the pellet
thermoelectric parameters and geometric details [4, 14, 18].
Udo FritschJames J. J. Costello Et al has made the product thermoelectric cooler and warmer. The
thermoelectric and heat-resistant system with a unique ventilation system to distribute cool or warms
air throughout the unit so that there is no hot or cool place, the door are installed so that they can be
easily opened with either front or front door, lids or door handles that can be operated easily and
reliably, and or the configuration of the unit does not balance the unit so that it can be easily mounted
with a door or end with a lids or front door so that it can be used gradually as a conventional chest or
as a mini fridge mobile or heating unit. As such, these invention assemblies are designed to provide
unique combinations of components that allow selected units to be placed at the end as refrigerators
[5]. Figure 1 show application of thermoelectric cooler and warmer customized for food storage.

2
2nd Joint Conference on Green Engineering Technology & Applied Computing 2020 IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 864 (2020) 012216 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/864/1/012216

Figure 1. Application of thermoelectric cooler and warmer for food storage [5].

1.3. Summary of Existing Design

The product has been studied and analysed with the product creator and as the product creator to
enhance the existing product. The idea has been adopted to make a product more sophisticated and
more comfortable for consumers.
The concept of temperature control consists of two concepts: cooling / heat thermoelectric and
Arduino Uno. Both concepts are very important in the success of cold / hot water products. Thus, the
thermal conductor of the peltier plays a role in cooling and heating the water so that the target
temperature is reached. Arduino Uno also acts as a programming medium for product control systems.
Among the advantage of Arduino Uno are:
Cheap – Arduino board (hardware) is usually sold relatively cheap compared to other pro
microcontroller platforms. If you want to be cheaper, you can certainly make it yourself and it is very
possible because all resource to make your own Arduino are available on the Arduino website even on
other Arduino community websites. Not only suitable for Windows, but also works well on Linux.
Simple and easy programming – Keep in mind that programming environments in Arduino are easy
to use for beginners and are flexible enough for these who are advanced. For teachers/lecturers,
Arduino is based on a Processing Program environment, so if a student or students are accustomed to
using Processing, of course it will be easy to use Arduino.

2. Methodology
First and foremost, the first step in the methodology is to select the title and statement of the current
problem of the selected title. Then set the project objectives and scope for the project to work well.
The next step is to review the literature, which is important to study information related to water
cooling machine products. If the information obtained is inappropriate, it should refer to the title. If the
information obtained is appropriate, the next step is to implement the methodology. After that we had
3 ideas and one idea was selected by Pugh Method. The best ideas cover 3 concepts namely cooling
systems, electrical controls and frames or casing. Subsequently, these ideas were translated into
technical drawings for material selection and fabrication. After fabrication is complete, performance
testing and verification can be done.
The design process is very different between different project and designs [6-10, 12, 16, 20]. Most
of the designs created have their own description of the design process but most resemble the other
design. Thinking is a design methodology that provides a solution-based approach to solving

3
2nd Joint Conference on Green Engineering Technology & Applied Computing 2020 IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 864 (2020) 012216 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/864/1/012216

problems. It is useful in dealing with complex or unknown problems, by generating many ideas in
brainstoming sessions and by using a hands-on approach to prototyping and testing [13, 15,17].

2.1. Concept of Idea Generation

Concept A use only the thermoelectric peltier cold part only and use a 12V fan to blow the hot air out
of the cooler parts is more efficient. This concept does not use arduino uno control where more
efficient cold temperatures depend on blowing hot air. This container concept uses plastic and creates
low cost for water containers. Figure 2 shows concept A for idea generation.

Figure 2. shows concept A for idea generation.

Concept B uses a peltier thermoelectric with cold and hot parts that produces cold and hot water.
Heat containers are made from perspex while containers for cold water are made from plastic
containers. In addition, the concept uses the arduino uno control to achieve stable temperatures. The
concept also uses a 12V water pump to transfer water through a block of water in cold and hot
sections. Figure 3 shows concept B for idea generation.

4
2nd Joint Conference on Green Engineering Technology & Applied Computing 2020 IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 864 (2020) 012216 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/864/1/012216

Figure 3. shows concept B for idea generation.

The C concept also uses both cold and hot peltier parts. This concept uses arduino uno control
achieve stable temperatures. In fact, this concept uses the power bank as a power supply. Both cold
and hot containers made from Perspex cost higher than concept B for water containers. Figure 4 shows
concept C for idea generation.

Figure 4. Shows concept C for idea generation.

5
2nd Joint Conference on Green Engineering Technology & Applied Computing 2020 IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 864 (2020) 012216 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/864/1/012216

2.2. Concept of Idea Generation

The method used in the idea selection is the Matrix Assessment Method. During the scale evaluation
process 0 to 3 are used. Scale 4 represents the highest score while scale 0 shows the lowest score. The
overall score calculation for each design concept is shown in the table below. Table 1 shows the Pugh
method for selecting the best idea [6].

Table 1. Pugh Method for Select The Best Idea

Selection Criteria Design Concept

Idea A Idea B Idea C
Using 1. Arduino Uno 0 0 3
Thermoelectric 2. Controlled via relay module 0 0 3
Peltier Rating = 4 0 0 24
Portable 3. Capacity of the water cooler 1 3 2
4. Able to carry the water 3 3 3
cooler to anywhere
Rating = 3 12 18 15
Cost 5. Manufacturing cost 3 2 1
6. Casing cost 1 3 2
Rating = 2 8 10 6
Flexibility 7. Cold water 3 3 3
8. Hot water 0 3 3
Rating = 1 3 6 6
Total of Pluses 23 34 51

From design evaluation, idea C has the highest score compared to others. Therefore, this design
will be selected among other design concepts. The reason why the concept is chosen is because it uses
a thermoelectric peltier system where the temperature can be controlled for cooling or heating while
the B and C concepts do not use a thermoelectric peltier system that can produce two different
temperatures at the same time. Therefore, the score for using a thermoelectric peltier is 24. For mobile
scores, the concept C is 15 while the cost and flexibility score are 6.

3. Results and Discussions

3.1. Water Temperature Using Power Bank

The beginning of the test process was to include a power supply connected to a thermistor, Arduino
UNO and a temperature sensor. In the process of testing this product, the Arduino UNO is used to
detect temperatures in the cold and heat. This process is performed by the Arduino UNO which is a
microcontroller used. After power supply is turned on, readings on hot and cold boats are recorded to
obtain data from the test process.
This is the data of the result testing which combined both data of hot and cold side of the
temperature measurements. Below shows data of temperature testing in Table 2.

6
2nd Joint Conference on Green Engineering Technology & Applied Computing 2020 IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 864 (2020) 012216 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/864/1/012216

Table 2. Data of Temperature Testing

Time (minutes) Temperature (Degree Celsius) / %Power Bank
Cold Side Hot Side
0 23.80 23.80
1 (9:24 P.M) 26.69 (%100) 26.56 (%75)
2 26.50 26.50
4 26.19 26.69
6 25.81 27.00
8 25.50 29.00
10 25.12 31.50
12 25.00 32.88
14 24.00 33.15
16 24.94 33.19
18 24.94 33.25
20 24.94 33.50
22 24.94 33.75
24 24.94 33.88
26 24.87 34.50
28 24.87 34.75
30 (9:50 PM) 25 (%74) 37.38 (%70)

From table 2, the data of water temperature is the same water temperature in the first minutes at 0
minutes of the reaction for all two different temperatures in the cold site and hot side that are 23.80ºC.
At 1 minutes the temperature started to change with using power bank 100% at cold site and 75% at
Hot Side. In the 6 minute the cold side temperature begins to decline, while the hot side temperature
begins to rise. The final record data temperature, at 30 minutes can record the percentage of power
bank used and the temperature of both sides. A programmable microprocessor for controlling the
temperature type and length of cycle, quick disconnects for the therapy pad, a thermoelectric cooler
with a liquid heat exchanger and a pump for circulating the fluid through the system[6, 19].

3.2. Effect of Reaction Conditions on the Reaction Rate of Water Temperature Using Power Bank
From Table 2, it shows that reaction temperature at 30 minutes in the cold side of 25ºC, while in the
hot side of 37.38ºC. The recorded data is then transformed into a 2-line graph representing hot and
cold side data.

7
2nd Joint Conference on Green Engineering Technology & Applied Computing 2020 IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 864 (2020) 012216 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/864/1/012216

Figure 5. Effect of different temperature of the temperature over time.

The graph temperature against time for this hot and cold side shows the difference temperature
readings that occur when the thermoelectric peltier is connected to the power supply. In the beginning,
the graph shows the temperature on the cold side decreased while the temperature on the hot side
increase. This is due to the opposite of temperature movement from both data. On the hot side, the
graph starts with room temperature and uniformly ascending from the first minute to reaching 34ºC in
15 minutes. While on the cold side, the graph starts from room temperature in the first minute and
decrease to 24ºC after 8 minutes. After 9 minutes, the cold side temperature become higher. This is
because the heat does not release well. Figure 5 show graph temperature over time.
The result is same with previous research. The method for this product to be tested and the results
of the difference temperature generated by the temperature peltier. The difference between both side of
the temperature can be clearly seen based on the graph temperature against time. Therefore, the project
was ready to test and retrieve both temperature data.

4. Conclusions
Through the temperature tested, we can find that, the cooling temperature would increase slowly after
reaching a minimum of 24ºC, while the heating temperature would increase slowly after reaching a
minimum of 31.5ºC. Therefore, the recommendation to maintain a lower temperature in the cold / hot
areas is to use a more efficient peltier on both containers. This is because when the peltier is more
efficient, the cold and hot temperatures will reach a higher level of capability. When the temperature
supplier produces a good temperature, the amount of water temperature will increase and the heat in
the water will reach the thermal equilibrium resulting in the cold / hot temperatures reaching a better
minimum. Therefore, the temperature in the cold / hot section will be more efficient in achieving
thermal equilibrium in rising water. For the second proposal, heat sinks are also a factor in changing
the temperature because as the heat sink size increases, heat will have more space to flow in the heat
sink. This causes both temperatures to flow into the container more effectively.

References
[1] De França Doria M. 2010 Water policy 12 p 1-19.
[2] Asyiqin N A, Fadzly M K and Amarul T 2019 AIP Conf. Proc. 2129 p. 020145
[3] Costin D, Ion-Ene M and Neofit A 2010 Health, Sports and Rehabilitation Medicine 32.
[4] Zhang H Y, Mui Y C and Tarin M 2010 Appl. Therm. Eng. 30 p 561–568.

8
2nd Joint Conference on Green Engineering Technology & Applied Computing 2020 IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 864 (2020) 012216 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/864/1/012216

[5] Najmie M S and Fadzly M K 2019 AIP Conf. Proc. 2129 p. 020147
[6] Radhwan H, Shayfull Z, Farizuan M R, Effendi M S M and Irfan A R 2019 AIP Conf. Proc.
2129 p 020153
[7] Tan J X, Effendi M S M and Radhwan H 2019 AIP Conf. Proc. 2129 p 020162
[8] Xin T J, Farizuan R M, Radhwan H, Shayfull Z and Fathullah M 2019 AIP Conf. Proc. 2129 p
020159.
[9] Farahin K, Effendi M S M and Radhwan H 2019 AIP Conf. Proc. 2129 p 020163.
[10] Farahin K, Farizuan M R and Radhwan H 2019 AIP Conf. Proc. 2129 p 020160
[11] Hazelrigg, G. A. 2010 Research in Engineering Design 21 p 143-144
[12] Ismalina H N, Amarul T, Yusra A Z N, Zahidah M N N, Rakeish K P, Nasuha M N T and
Vikneswaran P 2018 AIP Conf. Proc. 2030 p 020021
[13] Haris N I, Wahab M And Talip A 2014 Applied Mechanics and Material 465 p 725-729
[14] Fadzly M K, Foo W T, Amarul T, Mardhiati M M and Fakhira W N 2019 AIP Conf. Proc. 2129
p. 020146
[15] Masniza Y, Zulfabli H M, Amarul T, Khairunnisa S N, Zilawati N A R N N, Nazera D and
Ismalina H N 2019 AIP Conf. Proc. 2129 p 020056
[16] Zulfabli H M, Ismalina H N, Amarul T, and Ahmad S 2019 AIP Conf. Proc. 2129 p 020055
[17] Ismalina H N, Zulfabli H M, Amarul T, Idham M T M A, Fahmi A Z M I, Syuhadah M H N and
Fatihah R F N 2019 AIP Conf. Proc. 2129 p 020054
[18] Asyiqin N A, Fadzly M K and Amarul T 2019 AIP Conf. Proc. 2129 p 020145.
[19] Zaidi N A, Rosli M F, Effendi M S M and Abdullah M H 2017 AIP Conf. Proc.1885 p 020005.
[20] Azri N M, Effendi M S M and Rosli M F 2018 AIP Conf. Proc. 2030 p 020069.