ĐÁP ÁN PHIẾU ÔN TẬP TOÁN CAO CẤP

Câu 1: The supply and demand functions of a good are given by

𝑃=𝑄𝑆+8, 𝑃=−3𝑄𝐷+80
where 𝑃, 𝑄𝑆 and 𝑄𝐷 denote price, quantity supplied and quantity demanded, respectively.
a) Find the equilibrium price and quantity if the government imposes a fixed tax of $36 on
each good.
b) Find the corresponding value of the government’s tax revenue.
a. The supply curve post tax becomes P = Qs + 8 + 36 = Qs + 44 while the demand curve
remains the same P = -3Qd + 80
At equilibrium, Qs=Qd

=> P - 44 = 80/3 - P/3

=> 4P/3 = 212/3

=> P = 53

=> Qs = Qd = Q* = 9

b. Tax revenue = Q*x tax = 9x36 = $324

Câu 2: A firm’s fixed costs are 8, variable costs per unit are 2 and the demand function is
𝑃=8−𝑄 where 𝑃 and 𝑄 denote price and quantity, respectively. Find an expression for
profit, 𝜋, in terms of 𝑄 and hence sketch a graph of π against 𝑄.
a) For what values of 𝑄 does the firm break-even?
b) Calculate the maximum profit.
c) Describe the effect on the graph of the profit function due to a decrease in fixed costs.
Câu 3: A prize fund is set up with a single investment of $5000 to provide an annual prize
of $500. The fund is invested to earn interest at a rate of 7% compounded annually. If the
first prize is awarded one year after the initial investment, find the number of years for
which the prize can be awarded before the fund falls below $500.
Fund set with initial investment or Present Value= 5000

Annual award (P)= 500

Rate of interest per year (i)= 7%

We will find out Number of Years for which award can be given using Present Value Of Annuity
Formula

Present Value Of Annuity Formula = P*(1-(1/(1+i)^n))/i

5000= 500*(1-(1/(1+7%)^n))/7%

N is the Number of period for which award can be given, we will calculate it by trial and error
method with interpolation Formula.

Assume n= 18

PV = 500*(1-(1/(1+7%)^18))/7%

=5029.543455

Assume n= 17

PV = 500*(1-(1/(1+7%)^17))/7%

=4881.611497

Interpolation Formula for exact Years= Upper n -((upper n- lower n)/(upper Value - lower
Value)*(upper Value - exact pv))

=18-((18-17)/(5029.543455-4881.611497)*(5029.543455-5000))

=17.80029025

Award can be given for 17 full years and a fraction Amount for 0.80 years.

So number of years for which full award can be given before fund falls below $500 is 17 full
years.

Answer is 17 years

Câu 4: Determine the present value of an annuity, if it pays out $2500 at the end of each
year in perpetuity, assuming that the interest rate is 8% compounded annually.
In perpetuity:-

PV = P/r

Where PV = present value

P = payment each time

r = interest rate.

So, PV = 2500/0.08 = $31250

Câu 5: A project requires an initial investment of $50000. It produces a return of $40000 at

the end of year 1 and $30000 at the end of year 2. Find the exact value of the internal rate
of return. (đang tìm)
Câu 6: A project requires an initial outlay of $80000 and produces a return of $20000 at
the end of year 1, $30000 at the end of year 2, and $R at the end of year 3. Determine the
value of R if the internal rate of return is 10%.
Internal Rate of Return (IRR) means the rate at return the project is yielding. At IRR, Net Present
Value (IRR) = 0

As NPV = Present Value of Cash Inflows - Initial Investment

So, at IRR, Present Value of Cash Inflows = Initial Investment

Now, cash flow at end of year 1 = $20,000

Cash flow at end of year 2 = $30,000

Cash flow at end of year 2 = $R

Initial Investment = $80,000

So, [ 20,000 / (1.10) ^1 ] + [ 30,000 / (1.10) ^2] + [ R / (1.10) ^3] = 80,000

So, (20,000 / 1.1) + (30,000 / 1.21) + ( R / 1.331) = 80,000

So, 18,181.818181 + 24,793.38843 + ( R / 1.331) = 80,000

So, R / 1.331 = 80,000 - 18,181.818181 - 24,793.38843

So, R / 1.331 = 37,024.79339

So, R = 37,024.79339 x 1.331 = $49,280.0000

Hence, R = $49,280.00 (rounded off)

Câu 7: An individual decides to invest in one of two projects, A and B, which both require
the same initial outlay of $10000. Project A yields $11500 in three years’ time whereas
Project B yields, $12 100 in four years’ time. Calculate the internal rate of return for each
project. What advice can you give if the prevailing market rate of interest is 4.8%?
Câu 8: A project requiring an initial outlay of $200000 is guaranteed to produce a return of
$145000 in one year’s time and $80000 in two years’ time. Calculate the net present value
of the project if the discount rate is 4.5% compounded semiannually.

Câu 9: An annuity pays out $20000 per year in perpetuity. If the interest rate is 5%
compounded annually, find
a) the present value of the whole annuity;
b) the present value of the annuity for payments received, starting from the end of the 30th
year;
c) the present value of the annuity of the first 30 years.

(Tự thay số)

*Bài mẫu:
An annuity pays out $20000 per year in perpetuity. If the interest rate is 8%
compounded annually, find
a) the present value of the whole annuity.
b) the present value of the annuity of the first 15 years.
c) the present value of the annuity for payments received, starting from the beginning of
the 10th year.
Câu 10: An engineering company needs to decide whether or not to build a new factory.
The costs of building the factory are $150 million initially, together with a further $100
million at the end of the next two years. Annual operating costs are $5 million commencing
at the end of the third year. Annual revenue is predicted to be $50 million commencing at
the end of the third year. If the interest rate is 6% compounded annually, find
a) the present value of the building costs;
b) the present value of the operating costs at the end of n years (n > 2);
c) the present value of the revenue after n years (n > 2);
d) the minimum value of n for which the net present value is positive.
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Câu 12:
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Câu 14:
Firm's average cost

AC= 144/Q+Q+2

(a) For minimum value of AC, on 0<Q<24

d(AC)/Q= d(144/Q+Q+2)/dQ=0

-144/Q2+1=0
Q2=144
So, Q=-12, 12

But here, 0<Q<24

Therefore, Q=12

At this, minimum AC value is

= 144/12+12+1=25

(b) AC=144/Q+Q+2

Therefore

Variable cost = 144/Q+Q

Fixed cost = 2

Câu 15:
Câu 16:
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Câu 18:
a) MPK = derivative of Q with respect to K = 10 * 0.5 * (L/K)^0.5

At K = 90 and L = 40 we have MPK = 5*(40/90)^0.5 = 10/3

MPL = derivative of Q with respect to L = 10 * 0.5 * (K/L)^0.5 + 3

At K = 90 and L = 40 we have MPL = 5*(90/40)^0.5 + 3 = 21/2

b) Now when K increases by 3 units, Q is increased by 10/3*3 = 10 and when L is reduced by 2

units, Q is decreased by 21/2 * 2 = 21 units. Hence Q is actually decreased by 10 - 21 = 11 units

c) MRTS is the rate at which the two inputs, labor and capital can be substituted. Here MRTS =
MPL/MPK

= 5(L/K)^0.5/5*(5(K/L)^0.5 + 3)

= (L/K)^0.5/(5(K/L)^0.5 + 3)

Câu 19:
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Câu 21: Gửi ảnh ngoài
Câu 22:
Câu 23:
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Câu 25:
Câu 26: bài tương tự bài 26 trên Chegg, tự thay số vào.
Câu 27:
Production function: Q = 16*K0.5 + 6*L0.5
Marginal product of labor, MPL = dQ/dL = 0.5*6*L0.5-1 = 3*L-0.5
Marginal product of capital, MPK = dQ/dK = 0.5*16*K0.5-1 = 8*K-0.5
Cost minimization occurs where the MPL/MPL = price of L/price of K

(3*L-0.5)/(8*K-0.5) = 27/80
(K/L)0.5 = (27/80)*(8/3) = 9/10
K0.5 = 0.9*L0.5
For production quota of 102 units of output, that is Q = 102, and using the above condition, we
can write this as:

102 = 16*(0.9*L0.5) + 6*L0.5

102 = (14.4 + 6)*L0.5
L = (102/20.4)2 = 25 units
So, K0.5 = 0.9*(25)^0.5
K = 4.52 =  20.25 units
Thus, the cost minimizing units of capital and labor which satisfy output quota of 102 units are
20.25 units and 25 units, respectively.

Câu 28:

b)
c)
Câu 29:

Câu 30:
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Câu 36:
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Câu 38:
Câu 39:
Given that ,

Farmer had to supply 100kg raspberries and 50kg of blue berries weekly.

supermarket needs total kg of fruit is atleast 200 kg

Farmer can harvest maximum of 200kg raspberries weekly

Farmer can harvest maximum of 300kg blueberries weekly

cost of supplying 1 kg of raspberry is $4.40

cost of supplying 1 kg of blueberry is $3.10

First lets formulate the problem as per the given data:

Let x and y be the total kilos to be supplied to minimize the total cost.

Objective function: Zmin= 4.40 x+ 3.10 y

s.t        x + y   200

            x  100

             y  50

              x   200

              y   300

and      x , y   0

Now let us solve the problem using graphical method and find out the feasible region;

Here , as the inequality x + y   200 , x 100 and y 50 are of   type hence the bounded region will
be away from the origin as shown in graph.

the inequalities x   200 and y   300 are of   type hence the bounded rgion will be towards the
origin.

So, the feasible region will be the shaded region ABCDE

Further , we will find out the points A(100,100) ,B(150,50) ,C(200,50) , D(200,300) and E(100,200)
by observing the intersecting equations in the graph. .

now we will find the values of objective function at all points and find the minimum one.

Zmin at A(100,100) = 4.40 * 100+ 3.10 *100

                         = $750
Zmin at B(150,50) = 150 * 4.40 + 50 * 3.10

                                      = $815

Zmin at C(200,50) = 200* 4.40 + 50 * 3.10

                         = $ 1035

Zmin at D(200,300) = 200 * 4.40 + 300 * 3.10

                         = $1810

Zmin at E(100,300) = 100 * 4.40 + 300 * 3.10

                         = $1370

Hence the minimum cost $ 750 is obtained at x = 100 kg of raspberries and y = 100 kg of blue
berries

Câu 40:
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