Multimedia Applications

LAB 2

Name : Marx Kamati

Student no : 219060045

Module : MMA710S

Lecturer : Mr. Billawer Johnson

Tutorial Exercise
Textbook

Summarise your reading of Chapters 1 in about 250 words, concentrating on the main

points. The summary must be in your own (not to be copied directly from the textbook or

lecture notes.)

Raster vs Vector images

Raster images use bit maps to store information. This means a large file needs a large bitmap. The larger
the image, the more disk space the image file will take up. As an example, a 640 x 480 image requires
information to be stored for 307,200 pixels, while a 3072 x 2048 image (from a 6.3 Megapixel digital
camera) needs to store information for a whopping 6,291,456 pixels. We use algorithms which compress
images to help reduce these file sizes. Image formats like jpeg and gif are common compressed image
formats. Scaling down these images is easy but enlarging a bitmap makes it pixelated or simply blurred.
Hence for images which need to scaled to different sizes, we use vector graphics.
File extensions: .BMP, .TIF, .GIF, .JPG Vector Graphics

Vector graphics are best for printing since it is composed of a series of mathematical curves. As a result
vector graphics print crisply even when they are enlarged. In physics: A vector is something which has a
magnitude and direction. In vector graphics, the file is created and saved as a sequence of vector
statements. Rather than having a bit in the file for each bit of line drawing we use commands which
describe series of points to be connected.
AS a result a much smaller file is obtained. File extensions : .SVG, .EPS, .PDF,

JPEG (.jpg, .jpeg)

Joint Photographic Experts Group is a loss-prone (lossy) format in which data is lost to reduce size of
image. Due to compression, some data is lost but that loss is very less. It is a very common format and
are good for digital cameras, nonprofessional prints, E-Mail, Powerpoint etc., making it ideal for web
use.

GIF (.gif)
GIF or Graphics Interchange Format files are used for web graphics.They can be animated and are
limited to only 256 colors, can allow for transparency. GIF files are typically small is size and are
portable.

PNG (.png)
PNG or Portable Network Graphics files are a lossless image format. It was designed to replace gif
format as gif supported 256 colors unlike PNG which support 16 million colors.

Bitmap (.bmp)
Bit Map Image file is developed by Microsoft for windows. It is same as TIFF due lossless, no
compression property.

Storyboarding

A photoshop storyboarding template is a graphic layout that sequences illustrations and images with the
purpose of visually telling a story that can also be altered in Adobe photoshop. A photoshop storyboard
 communicates how a scene will play out and is used for movies, television, music videos, and
commercials.

 Why is the PNG format now used in preference over the GIF format and what is the

difference between the two formats?

PNG is mostly superior to GIF, as it is newer, supports more colors, and is free of patent restrictions.
PNG cannot be used for animation, but offers highly sophisticated transparency and color support,
among other features. In most cases where animation is not required, it is best to use PNG instead of
GIF

Difference between GIF and PNG

GIF PNG

Support for animation Yes No

Color management No

Support for multi-page Yes No

Support for transparency Yes Yes

MIME type image/gif image/png

File extensions .gif, .gfa .png

Raster/vector Raster Raster

Indexed color Yes Yes (for 1-

8bit PNGs)

Support for metadata Yes Yes

Stands for Graphics Interchange Format Portable Network

Graphics
 GIF PNG

Support for layers Yes No

 What is a storyboard?

A storyboard is a graphic organizer that consists of illustrations or images displayed in sequence for
the purpose of pre-visualizing a motion picture, animation, motion graphic or interactive media
sequence.

 What is a concept map?

A concept map is a diagram or visual representation and organization of knowledge. The diagram is
presented in a 2D paper from the top and extends towards the bottom. The core concepts are
organized at the top with keywords while its associated ideas lay below in boxes or bubbles and are
connected to the central concept via connectors.

A concept map follows a hierarchical structure where the relationship between different ideas are
articulated through linking phrases, explaining how the ideas are related to each other through short
phrases.

LAB EXERCISE ?

 What can you do with the Tool Palette?

Tool palettes are a great tool that offers quick access to many AutoCAD tools and commands. You can
expand the usability of AutoCAD tool palettes by making your own palette to store favorite blocks,
dimension style, hatch patterns and even commands

 What do you use the Tool Options Palette for?

Tools Palette, the Options Palette will display all of the options for that selected tool. For example, if
you select the Type Tool, the Options Palette will display options related to text such as font, type
size, color, and more [below].

 What can you do with the Materials Palette?

The Material palette generator can be used to generate a palette for any color you input. Hue,
chroma, and lightness are adjusted by an algorithm that creates palettes that are usable and
aesthetically pleasing.

 What is the Layers Palette used for?

You use the Layers Palette to create, hide, display, copy, merge, and delete layers.

 On the Menu bar, what function do you use to rotate an image?

Image function

 On the Menu bar, what function do you use to crop an image?

Image>Crop to selection(ctrl+r)

 On the Menu bar, what function do you use to resize an image?

Image>Resize(ctrl+S)

What tool do you use to make a selection?

On the Tools toolbar, choose the Crop tool

 What does “feathering” do to a selection?

Feathering a selection blurs the edge of the selection

 How many different ways are there to make a selection?

 Marquee. We'll start with the most basic selection tool in Photoshop: the
Marquee Tool. .
 Lasso. Slightly more complex than the Marquee Tools are the Lasso Tools,
which give you much more freedom over the shape of your selection. ...
 Quick Selection.

 Name 2 different settings you can apply to the Paint Brush.

 brush shape, thickness, size

 What is the difference between “image mapping” and “image slicing”?

Image mapping is where you can take a single image and break it into interactive pieces, so that
different areas will take the user to different websites or different pages or links within your own
website. After the image map is created, a new image file and an associated html file will be created.

 What is a photo collage?

A photo collage is a collection of pictures that are put together to make a single picture. The
traditional art involved cutting pictures into pleasing shapes or trimming out specific images for
placement, but digital photo manipulation opens many new possibilities, including blending images to
make a seamlessly realistic picture.

 Create a new folder (Week 2) in your MMA710S folder. Download

MMA710S_Tutelab_Week_2_Files.zip from Moodle, and extract the files into your Week 2
folder.

 Open the sample image Peppers.jpg.

 What is the size of this image? Look at the bottom of the main window for the answer.

608KB

 We begin with resizing the image. Resizing images is something you will want to do

frequently when working in multimedia. Click on Image | Resize and set the dimensions to

640 x 480 (be very careful to set the image to 640 x 480 pixels, not 640 x 480

percent of its original size, or you will create an extremely large image!).

After resizing the image , the new size is 82.7kb

This is the image that I got after I have Selected Star2 from the Tool Options Palette and repeated
what I did with the rectangle shape.
After I have set the feather to 30 , i repeated the same procedures as I did to the first image, this is the
image that I got.

 Why would you use Resize and not Canvas Size?

Essentially, spatial resolution refers to the number of independent pixel values per unit width. In an
image with a canvas size of, say, 800x600 pixels, you wouldn't see individual pixels, and the image
would look cleaner.

It is possible to resize a canvas to make it smaller if you need more space to add elements to an
image. You can also increase the canvas size if you need more space to add elements to an image.
Changing the image size will let you resize the image. See Resizing images for more information.
Often, shrinking a canvas does not mean cropping it.

What is the setting for the tolerance of this tool and what does “tolerance” mean?

 20%
 The tolerance value you enter determines how closely the background color
must match the transparent color for it to become transparent.

Now, change the tolerance value of the Magic Wand to 50 and select the same lily pad again.

Why is this better?

Select Colourise by clicking on the eye icon - what happened?

If your selection went well, only the flowers will have undergone a change and the image

should now look a bit like this: