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Design and Development of Vehicle anti-collision System using

Electromagnet and Ultrasonic Sensors

Article · January 2013

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Shival Dubey Wahid Ansari

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 Design and Development of Vehicle anti-collision System using
Electromagnet and Ultrasonic Sensors

Shival Dubey & Abdul Wahid Ansari

1
Mechanical Engineering, & 2Robotics Engineering
University of Petroleum And Energy Studies, India
E-mail : [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract - Electromagnetic anti-collision device is proposed Recently some research were carried out on the
here in order to avoid Vehicular Head to Head/Back anti-collision device using ad hoc wireless network,
collision that estimates the distance between the two V2V communication, GPS and Radar implementation
vehicles running extreme traffic condition. It incorporates but all these efforts were informatory in nature which
distance finding between two vehicles using ultrasonic
gives signal to the driver or producing some
range finder. The vehicle collision and its impact emerged
as the major problem in the last two decades when the use buzzer/sound only but finally the action will be taken by
of the automobile increased to a subsequent number. In the driver in which there are chances of the collision.
order to avoid vehicle collision/ road accidents this system In this paper we are introducing an automatic vehicle
will work in two stages: - A Range finder will continuously
track the distance between two vehicles moving and sends
anti-collision device Ultrasonic range finder and
it to the ECM using these inputs if it finds the vehicle in the creating electromagnetic field to repels vehicles This
vicinity of the other it will automatically actuate the sensor paper work is originally motivated from the local traffic
strip for Electromagnetic Induction. This system is condition of Dehradun (Hilly Areas) specially where
reliable, cost-efficient and fault tolerable. These slow moving traffic on hilly roads often leads to minor
characteristics enable the vehicle anti-collision in adaptive or major accidents. On ascending/ descending a hilly
control environment. road in traffic sometimes causes accidents while
Index terms: - Vehicle anti-collision, Electromagnetic strip, overtaking, sudden braking on turns, and loss of control
Ultrasonic Ranger Finder, GSM. while ascending on uphill roads. We develop a device
which will not only provide driver a safe warning but
I. INTRODUCTION also automatically actuates the safety switches on
stipulated time before unusual situation.
All the greatest achievements of the history,
Automobile is most probably the one which II. BLOCK DIAGRAM
significantly changed human life. The periodical
improvement in the technology gives human race a new A micro controller (ATMEGA 16) receives echo
height. In the later years after independence the number signals from ultrasonic range finding sensor. This
of vehicles subsequently increased but in the last two information is used to excite solenoids to create
decades it spreads drastically in every level of the electromagnetic field. Ultrasonic sensors continuously
society hence safety becomes the main concern. Road read distance between two vehicles and output is
Accidents account a severe threat to the lives in both displaying on dashboard of vehicle. If the distance
ways physical as well as financial, even after digital reduces to certain level, excitation circuit starts working
control of the vehicle. However, due to human to create electromagnetic field. The developed Circuit
avoidance, circumstantial error and negligence accidents can be interfaced with PC with the help of USB to serial
occur. Many people lost their life every year in vehicle cable. The program of each node is written on
collision majorly due to drivers’ inability to keenly embedded C through coder and debugger AVR studio 4
observe the vehicles’ vicinity while driving and in and compiling through PONY-PROG software
traffic condition.

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 International Journal on Theoretical and Applied Research in Mechanical Engineering (IJTARME)

A. Atmega16
It is a microcontroller from Atmel which is powered by
the AVR core. It is an 8-bit,low powered microcontroller
with 16 kilobytes in-system self programmable flash. This
core is capable of running 16MIPS with a 16MHz crystal. It
has an advanced RISC architecture with 32 X 8 general
purpose working registers. The microcontroller features
programmable serial USART and master/slave SPI serial
interface. It has 32 programmable I/O lines and 40 pin PDIP. It
is capable of executing one instruction per cycle.

B. MAX232
This is level converter IC from MAXIM which is used to
make logic compatibility between TTL and RS232 logic. The
IC converts the 5V logic into a 8V negative logic. This
converter is located between the almega16 microcontroller and
the zigbee module, the microcontroller uses TTL logic
whereas the zigbee module uses RS logic. The main purpose
Fig 1. Block diagram of Anti – collision System of this converter is to convert the TTL logic to RS logic.

III. HARDWARE DEVELOPMENT C. POWER SUPPLY UNIT

The power measuring unit measures the power from This unit is basically designed to power up the node 1 and
node 2. This provides 5 V, 500mA output to drive the nodes.
main line. This data is fed to microcontroller.
Here, the AC voltage at 220V is stepped down to 20V using a
Microcontroller fetches the data and transmits it over the 220/20V step down transformer. This AC voltage at 20V is fed
network. The following is the list for the components to rectifier that converts it to DC voltage and is then filtered
used in the proposed model: using 40 Farad shunt capacitor. The filtered DC voltage is
 ATmega16 then regulated using a 7805 regulator, and is then supplied to
the the microcontroller at 5V, 500 mA.
 MAX232
 Power supply units
 Ultrasonic Range finder
 Solenoids
 LCD Display

Fig:3. Power Supply

D. Solenoids
A solenoid a coil wound into a tightly packed helix.
Solenoid refers to a long, thin loop of wire, which when
wrapped around a piece of metal, produces a magnetic field
when an electricity is passed through it. Solenoids are
important because they can create controlled magnetic fields
and can be used as electromagnets. The term solenoid refers
specifically to a coil designed to produce a uniform magnetic
Fig: 2. Simulation model of proposed model using protesus field in a volume of space.
software

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E. LCD WinAVR is a suite of executable, open source software

This is most widely used display device for embedded development tools for the Atmel AVR series of RISC
systems. The LCD unit receives character codes (8 bits per microprocessors hosted on the Windows platform. It
character) from a microprocessor or microcomputer, latches includes the GNU GCC compiler for C and C++.
the codes to its display data RAM (80-byte DD RAM for WinAVR contains all the tools for developing on the
storing 80 characters), transforms each character code into a 5 AVR. This includes AVR-gcc (compiler), AVR-gdb
´ 7 dot-matrix character pattern, and displays the characters on (debugger) etc. Test Source Code has been written in C
its LCD screen. Language to test the microcontroller.

B. Compiling
The compilation of the C program converts it into
machine language file (.hex). This is the only language
the microcontroller will understand, because it contains
the original program code converted into a hexadecimal
format. During this step there were some warnings about
eventual errors in the program.
Fig:4. LCD16x2
IV. SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT C. Burning
The firmware for the model is developed using C Machine language (hex) file of compile program
programming language. The binary code is generated burned into the microcontroller’s program memory is
with the help of WinAVR compiler based on GCC port achieved with a dedicated programmer, which attaches
by GNU. The IDE used is AVR Studio.The data logging to a PC’s peripheral. PC’s serial port has been used for
system may use any of software that is capable of the purpose. In the present work the Ponyprog
logging data from a serial port. It may be a user created programmer has been used to burn the machine
software or a standard software like HyperTerminal. language file into the microcontroller’s program
Microcontroller has been programmed to test the memory. Ponyprog is serial device programmer
hardware as well to achieve the goal of WSN software with a user-friendly GUI frame work available
application,which involved the following steps. for Windows 95/ 98/ ME/ NT/2000/XP and Intel Linux.
Its purpose is reading and writing every serial device. It
supports I²C Bus, Micro wire, SPI eeprom, and the
Atmel AVR and Microchip PIC microcontroller. The
microcontrollers were programmed in approximately
two seconds with a high speed-programming mode. The
program memory, which is of Flash type, has, just like
the EEPROM, a limited lifespan. On the AVR
microcontroller family it may be reprogrammed up to a
thousand times without any risk of data
corruption.Atmega16Programmer (ISP) which is used to
burn the program into AVR microcontrollers is shown
in Fig

Fig.5 . Coding / Debugging

A. Coding / debugging
Coding / debugging in a high-level language (such
as C, or Java) or assembler. A compiler for a high level
language helps to reduce production time. To program
the microcontrollers the WinAVR [2] was used.
Although inline assembly was possible, the
programming was done strictly in the C language. The
source code has been commented to facilitate any Fig.6 AVR ISP Programmer
occasional future improvement and maintenance.

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 International Journal on Theoretical and Applied Research in Mechanical Engineering (IJTARME)

V. RESULT [3] Mimoza Durresi, Arjan Durresi and Leonard

The module was successfully developed and tested Barolli,“Sensor Inter-vehicle Communication for Safer
in the laboratory with dummy environmental conditions. Highways”, in proceedings of the 19th International
Conference on Advanced Information Networking and
The ultrasonic was able to measure the data up to Applications, AINA 2005.
500cms distance and below 200cms excitation circuit
start working . The results are accurate with a minor [4] Samer Ammoun, Fawzi Nashashibi, Claude Laurgeau
tolerance value. "Real-time crash avoidance system on crossroads
based on 802.11 devices and GPS receivers", in
VI. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE proceedings of the IEEE ITSC 2006, IEEE Intelligent
Transportation Systems Conference Toronto, Canada,
In this paper we have proposed and analyzed the September 2006.
effectiveness of an active vehicles anti-collision system,
in which Ultrasonic range finder, excitation circuit and [5] Qiang Ji, Zhiwei Zhu, and Peilin Lan, Real-Time
Nonintrusive Monitoring and Prediction of Driver
GSM are working properly. Future we are developing Fatigue. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology,
this system with GPS to log the position of collided VOL. 53, NO. 4, July 2004, pp.1052-1068.
vehicles to the emergency helpline.
[6] Zutao Zhang, Jiashu Zhang, “A Novel Vehicle Safety
Model: Vehicle speed Controller under Driver
VII. REFERENCES Fatigue”, “IJCSNS International Journal of Computer
[1] Benliang Li, Houjun Wang Bin Yan and Chijun Zhang, Science and Network Security”, VOL.9 No.1, January
“The Research of Applying Wireless Sensor Network 2009
to intelligent Transportation System Based on IEEE
802.15.4”, 6th international Conference on ITS
Telecommunication proceeding,2006,pp 939-942
[2] Y. Morioka,T Sota, M.Nakagawa ,” Anti-car collision
system using DGSP and 5.8GHz Inter-Vehicle 
Communication at an off-sight Intersection ” Technical
report of IEICE ITS 2000-4, 2000, pp.19-24

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