Bahir Dar University

Bahir Dar Institute of Technology

Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Electronics and Communication Stream
Semester project on
Fingerprint Sensor Based attendance System for University and College students using
Arduino

Submitted By:

Name ID

1. Etsehiwot Ayenew………………... BDU0702513UR

2. Habtie Mulu………………............. BDU0701839UR
3. Samuel Belete………………………BDU0702239UR
4. Wasihun Geremew…………………BDU0702434UR

Advisor

Mr. Tadie B.

February 2019

Bahir Dar, Ethiopia

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 DECLARATION
We, the undersigned, declare that this project is our original work, has not been presented for
a degree in this or any other universities, and all sources of materials used for the project have
been fully cited.
Name Signature Date

1. Etsehiwot Ayenew _________________ ______

2. Habtie Mulu _________________ ______
3. Samuel Belete _________________ ______
4. Wasihun Geremew _________________ ______

Date of Submission: ______________

This project has been submitted for examination with my approval as a university advisor.
Project Advisor:
______________ ___________ ___________

Name Signature date

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 ACKNOWELDGMENT

First, we are grateful to the Almighty God for enabling us to complete this semester project
work. It is our pleasure to thank our advisor Mr. Tadie B. for being there in guiding and
appreciating our work. We are thankful for their aspiring guidance, invaluably constructive
criticism and friendly advice during the project work. We are sincerely grateful to them for
sharing their truthful and illuminating views on several issues related to the project. Finally,
We take this opportunity to sincerely thank all the faculty members of Electrical and Computer
Engineering for their help and encouragement in our educational endeavors.

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 ABSTRACT
This project will construct a fingerprint sensor based biometric attendance system using
Arduino. It is a simple system device. Users can install this system device in universities and
colleges and use it without any difficulty it is active for any phone to receive attendance
warning and notification messages. The fingerprint attendance system consists of two main
parts. These are the Hardware and Software.
The Hardware consists of GSM modem, Arduino UNO, RTC, Resistor, Pushbutton, LCD. The
Arduino UNO is used to build the system. The second device is SIM900 GSM modem. This
modem is used to connect to the GSM network and is responsible for sending notifications and
warning messages. The third device is RTC is used to count current time and date for student
during attendance taking. The fourth device is Resistors used to stabilize the system. The fifth
devices are Pushbutton’s which are five in number These are: Enter, Back, Up, Down and
Done. To Enter, Back, Up, Down and Done respectively. The last device is LCD which is used
to display the outputs of the system. This system operates in such a manner that when a student
selects his/her name on the system he/she gives his/her fingerprint sample. After that the
fingerprint is recognized. Since our project selects is it a lab attendance or a lecture attendance
system we have selected either of the two. After attendance is completed the GSM module
starts to send warning and notification messages for students that are not take attendance. After
the student Receive the message, the student takes their measures.

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Table of Contents

DECLARATION ..................................................................................................................................... i
ACKNOWELDGMENT ........................................................................................................................ ii
ABSTRACT .......................................................................................................................................... iii
TABLE OF FIGURE ............................................................................................................................. vi
LIST OF ACRONYMS .........................................................................................................................vii
INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................. 1
1.1 Background of the Project ............................................................................................................ 1
1.2 Motivation..................................................................................................................................... 2
1.3 Problem Statement ........................................................................................................................ 2
1.4 Objectives ..................................................................................................................................... 2
1.4.1 General Objective .................................................................................................................. 2
1.4.2 Specific Objectives ................................................................................................................ 2
1.5 System Methodology .................................................................................................................... 2
1.6 Significance of the Project (Contributions) .................................................................................. 5
1.7 Scope of the Project ...................................................................................................................... 5
1.8 Project Development Tools .......................................................................................................... 5
CHAPTER TWO .................................................................................................................................... 7
LITERATURE REVIEW ....................................................................................................................... 7
CHAPTER THREE .............................................................................................................................. 10
SYSTEM DESIGN AND ANALYSIS................................................................................................. 10
3.1 Introduction................................................................................................................................. 10
3.2 System Components ................................................................................................................... 11
3.2.1Arduino UNO ....................................................................................................................... 11
3.2.2 Fingerprint module .............................................................................................................. 12
3.2.3 GSM MODEM (SIM900D) ................................................................................................. 14
3.2.4 RTC...................................................................................................................................... 15
3.2.5 Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) ............................................................................................. 16
3.2.6 Resistors ............................................................................................................................... 16
3.3 Overall working principle of the system model .......................................................................... 17
3.3.1 System model ....................................................................................................................... 17
CHAPTER FOUR ................................................................................................................................ 18
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS ......................................................................................................... 18

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 4.1 Results......................................................................................................................................... 18
4.2 Discussion ................................................................................................................................... 22
CHAPTER FIVE .................................................................................................................................. 23
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION FOR FUTURE WORK ............................................. 23
5.1 Conclusion .................................................................................................................................. 23
5.2 Recommendations for Future Work ........................................................................................... 24
REFERENCES ..................................................................................................................................... 25
APPENDIX........................................................................................................................................... 27

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TABLE OF FIGURE

Figure 1. 1 Overall system flow chart ........................................................................................4

Figure 3. 1 system architecture ................................................................................................10
Figure 3. 2 Arduino UNO ........................................................................................................11
Figure 3. 3 Adafruit fingerprint sensor ....................................................................................13
Figure 3. 4 GSM modem ..........................................................................................................14
Figure 3. 5 RTC module ..........................................................................................................15
Figure 3. 6 Overall circuit diagram of fingerprint attendance system for university and college
students.....................................................................................................................................17
Figure 4. 1 put your finger on the fingerprint module .............................................................18
Figure 4. 2 show finger recognized of the student ...................................................................19
Figure 4. 3 show lab or lecture class alternatives for the selected student...............................19
Figure 4. 4 show attendance successfully marked, name, ID and date ....................................20
Figure 4. 5 A GSM delivered to a student whose fingerprint is successfully recognized .......21
Figure 4. 6 A student whose fingerprint is not registered. .......................................................21

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LIST OF ACRONYMS
AM/PM……………………………………Anti Meridian/Post Meridian

BCD……………………………………….Binary Coded Decimal

COM………………………………………Communication

GND………………………………………Ground

GSM………………………………………Global System For Mobile Communication

IC ………………… ………………………Integrated Circuit

ID…………………………………………. Identity

IDE………………………………………. Integrated Development Environment

LCD………………………………………Liquid Crystal Display

LED……………………………………….Light Emitter Diode

PC………………………………………...Personal Computer

RAM……………………………………. .Random Access Memory

RF…………………………………………Radio Frequency

RFID………………………………………Radio Frequency Identification

Rx……………………………………….... Receiver

SIM………………………………………. Subscriber Identity Module

SMS………………………………………Short Message Service

TCP/IP……………………………………. Transfer Control Protocol/Internet Protocol

Tx…………………………………………Transmitter

USB………………………………………. Universal Serial Bus

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 CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Project
In this project we are going to design fingerprint sensor-based attendance system for university
and college students using Arduino. Simply we will be interfacing sensor with Arduino, LCD
display, RTC module, GSM module, to design the desired project.
This attendance system has a wide range of applications in Colleges and Universities where
marking of attendance is required accurately with time by using fingerprint sensor.
In educational system the teacher’s callout the name of each student and mark the attendance.
This causes time wastage during lecture time. This becomes more and more important where
number of students in a class is very large. Managing the attendance data is also very difficult.
The other way is that the teacher must pass the attendance sheet around the class for the students
to sign. These methods have a major drawback because the students tend to answer or sign for
their friends. In educational institutions, attendance and academic success are directly related.
Therefore, to have a proper attendance management system is important.
Everyone is expected to attend class regularly. Lectures and Lab assistances take attendance
on regular days during the semester to ensure that students are coming to class/lab, and if they
miss class repeatedly, their Grade will be affected since it has its own value. 85% attendance
for Lecture and 100% for Laboratory is must with in the semester. If they miss more than 15%
attendance for Lecture and 0% for laboratory class attendance they will not sit for Final exam.
[Article 166 and 166.1 of the Senate Legislation of Bahir Dar University May 20, 2005]
It is the emerging technology used for automatic identification of a person based on biological
characteristics. The fingerprint verification system is commonly used biometric technique.
This technique uses computer to store and verify fingerprint.
Generally, this system has three main parts namely searching, displaying and sending SMS.
This simple device starts with the connection of Arduino and fingerprint sensor to the computer
for searching phase, as soon as the user press the fingerprint sensor, it reads the users fingerprint
and related users information are display on the LCD depending on the instruction written in.
For this system scanning time, date, user name and ID numbers are displayed on the LCD.
In this fingerprint attendance system circuit, we used fingerprint sensor module to authenticate
a student by taking their finger input in the system. Here we are using five push buttons namely
Enter, Up, Down, Done and Back key push buttons. The functions of this push buttons are used

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to Enter, Up, Down, Done and back respectively. Enter key is used to select weather the student
must attend lecture or lab session after recognizing the fingerprint image.

1.2 Motivation
Every educational institution must maintain a proper record of attendance of students for
effective functioning of institution. Designing a better attendance management system for
students so that records be maintained with ease and accuracy was an important key behind
motivating this project. This would improve accuracy of attendance records because it will
remove all the hassles of roll calling and will save valuable time of the students as well as
teachers. Image processing and fingerprint recognition are very advanced today in terms of
technology. It was our responsibility to improve fingerprint identification system.
1.3 Problem Statement
In the system, the reference roll number and name for every student is provided by the institute
with sheets. The teachers call out the roll number and mark ‘present’ or ‘absent’ on the sheet.
For a class or each lecture, the call out process is also replaced by passing the sheet and signing.
Many institute or university still use this type of paper-based attendance system. The
disadvantages of this system are that roll calling and singing process is waste time and cannot
take actual attendance.

1.4 Objectives
1.4.1 General Objective
The objective of our project is to develop a model of a fingerprint sensor-based attendance
system for university and college students using Arduino.
1.4.2 Specific Objectives
✓ Over all block diagram of the component is developed.
✓ Feedback mechanism from the fingerprint sensor to the Arduino will be developed.
✓ To know whether the students attending the class or not.
✓ To send a notification and alerting messages the students that are absent in attendance
through GSM modem.
✓ Feedback mechanism from the fingerprint sensor to the Arduino will be developed.
1.5 System Methodology
The project will be achieved through the simulation on the simulator software. The procedure
looks like as follows:

Designing the general skeleton diagram of the system.

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✓ Development of software code to parts of the whole system that will be affected by
other external and internal factors and that will affect the whole system operation and
analyze their specification by using the model.
✓ Select the required components for the system based on the result of the above analysis
✓ Design the circuit diagram of the system using the selected components.
✓ Constructing the circuit on the simulation software and simulate it.
✓ Take the output of the simulation data and analyze the data with respect to achieving
the objective of the project.

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The figure 1.1 below shows the Overall flow chart of system.

start

Scan finger image

Display not
Registered on Fingerprint
LCD matched

Register on Register on
Lec table Lec/Lab Lab table

<=15%Attendance NO Lab
Lec successful
absence absence

YES
>15% GSM send
warning messages
to a student

End

Figure 1. 1 Overall system flow chart

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1.6 Significance of the Project (Contributions)
Now a day, Information systems and Communication Technologies are becoming more and
more improved. Biometric technology is also an effective tool to identify and detect fraudulent
issues. A fingerprint-based attendance system is presented in this paper. This system will
enhance the ability to detect the presence of the students in class in an Institution. In terms of
efficiency and performance fingerprint-based attendance system is used in many places. This
system is user-friendly and reliable because this system displays name, the ID numbers, date
and time on excel sheet. This excel sheet can also be saved and attendance can be calculated
with Microsoft Excel technique. Otherwise, this system can be implemented to check which
student reached the class in time, on time or late time. So, this developed system is very also
useful in saving valuable time of students and lectures, paper, generating report at required
time.
1.7 Scope of the Project
As we have described above, we will go through circuit simulation and analyzing the data that
is obtained from the simulation. This attendance controlling system project can be applied for
colleges, universities and companies as well. Finally, we conclude based on the results obtained
from the simulation.
1.8 Project Development Tools
Hardware components: For the successful completion of this project we will need the
following tools.

✓ Arduino UNO
✓ Fingerprint Module
✓ GSM Module
✓ Serial Monitor (PC)
✓ Push Button
✓ Resistors
✓ Connecting wires
✓ LCD
✓ RTC Module
✓ Bread Board

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Software:
✓ Proteus
✓ Arduino
✓ Java

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 CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
Throughout the development of our project we were able to review some projects, journals,
articles and books which are related to the title of our project. We believe that all the reviewed
materials have been a good asset for the overall design and development of the project we have
chosen.

There are few types of attendance system that had been introduced in schools, college and
university students. In this section some of the related projects we have reviewed are discussed.

1. Paper-based attendance system (traditional based attendance system): This attendance

system is the first and traditional based attendance system firstly used in educational system.
The teacher’s callout the name of each student and mark the attendance. The other way is that
the teacher must pass the attendance sheet around the class for the students to sign [1].

Strength:

✓ If someone is absence due to permission the person who check the attendance give
permission

Weakness:

✓ large processing time

✓ paper cost

2. Dhanashree 2011 Desktop-based student attendance system: This journal paper main
objective is to indicate the disadvantage of traditional attendance system compared to the
proposed system. It had known that attendance system software is required to replace the
traditional attendance system for the purpose to reduce the processing time and the paper cost
used in the traditional attendance system compared to the proposed system.

Compared to the traditional attendance system it offers cost-effectiveness since it reduces the
paper needs to process the data of student attendance records. Although the system had
developed to be work in Computerization, but it still require computer operator to manage the
storing and retrieving of Information frequently. It only reduces the cost used for paper work
the system does not save up much time to records the attendance [2].

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Strength:
✓ Reduces the paper needs
Weakness:
✓ Not save up much time
✓ Require computer operator
3. Microtronics Technologies, 2013 RFID based attendance system: This article paper main
objectives concerned about to replace the old traditional attendance system technology with
Radio frequency identification (RFID) technology. There are two modules; namely reader
module and RFID module. Each student/employee must have a valid RFID card of RFID tags
with them to communicate with the RFID reader placed on their workplace/school. The RFID
reader will automatically detect the student or employee attendance and record it while the
RFID card gets closer to the RFID reader which means it is using the non-contact type of reader
and passive type of card, but this type of attendance system has some drawbacks. If an employ
or student lost their card, they may need to go the office to make a new card which will cause
them to pay for the lost as well as waiting for the new card to be generated and pass to them.
The other limitation of these attendance system is nobody can guarantee that an employee or
student will not take their friends RFID cards along with to the class or office which mean it is
still get the same result which scanning the cards on behalf of their friends [3], [4].
Strength:
✓ save much time
✓ reduce paper need
✓ no need computer operator
Weakness:
✓ If an employ or student lost their card
✓ nobody can guarantee an employee or student will not take their friends RFID cards [5]
4.Mohammad A. et.al 2014 attendance system using face recognition: in this journal paper
it is, because they believe that face recognition the most accurate and fastest method among
the biometric attendance system. This journal paper main objectives had concerned about to
replace the manual attendance record system with face recognition technology to eliminate the
waste of using paper and response time students. In the journal paper it has mentioned that the
picture of whole class will be taken by the classes camera and upload to the system to do face
filtering and then the attendance of the system will be checked automatically by the system
once the face matching of the student is successfully performed [6].

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Strength:
✓ High security
✓ Reduce paper cost
✓ Save time
Weakness:
✓ Cost
5.Khin san myint cahan mya mya nyein 2018 fingerprint-based attendance system: This
paper represents a fingerprint based biometric attendance system.in this system there are three
main parts enrolling searching and displaying the attendance this simple device starts with the
connection of Arduino and fingerprint sensor to the computer for enrolling. In searching phase,
as soon as the user press the fingerprint sensor, it reads the users fingerprint and related users
information are display on the computer depending on the instruction written in. for this system
scanning time, date, user name and ID number are displayed on the computer [7].
We have improved this attendance system by adding some additional features and dividing the
attendance system into lab and lecture class. The feature that we have added is GSM module
which is used to send a warning message for students when they have absence in lab class and
send notification when they have absence in lecture class.

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 CHAPTER THREE
SYSTEM DESIGN AND ANALYSIS
3.1 Introduction
This Fingerprint Sensor Based attendance System for University and College students consists
of two parts: Hardware and Software. In this fingerprint sensor-based student attendance
system circuit, we have used fingerprint sensor module to authenticate a true person or student
by taking their finger input in to the system. Here we are using five push buttons namely Enter,
Up, Down, Done and Back key push buttons. The functions of this push buttons are used to
Enter, Up, Down, Done and Back respectively. Enter key is used to select weather the student
must attend lecture or lab session after recognizing the fingerprint image.
The figure 3.1 below shows the overall System architecture of the project

20*4 LCD

Finger
print
module
RTC Arduin Serial
o uno monitor(PC)

GSM
module

DONE EN BK UP DN

Figure 3. 1 System architecture

If a student selects lab session using an enter key the LCD displays the Name, ID and Date of
the student. After LCD display the status of the selected student the system takes attendance of
the student then after the student used the Done key to finish his attendance process and then
used Back key to get an attendance of another student. The next student take attendance by
putting his finger on the fingerprint sensor scanner module. On similar manner, If a student
selects lecture session using an enter key the LCD displays the Name, ID and Date of the
student. After LCD display the status of the selected student the system takes attendance of the

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student then after the student used the Done key to finish his attendance process and then used
Back key to get an attendance of another student. The next students take attendance by putting
his/her finger on the fingerprint sensor scanner module. The attendance system continuous in
this manner.

3.2 System Components

3.2.1Arduino UNO
The Arduino UNO modem is an open source programming system. It consists of two parts,
the Arduino Integrated Development Environment (IDE) and the board. The Arduino UNO
board has an ATmaga microcontroller. With the Arduino board, engineers and hobbyists can
connect to the microcontroller and use it easily. The ATmaga microcontroller is the heart of
the Arduino. We can communicate with this microcontroller through the micro C
programming language. The micro C programming language is a well-known language that
engineers and hobbyists can use easily.
The Arduino UNO microcontroller board consists of several pins, 14 of which are digital and
used for input/output, and six of which are used for analog inputs. This microcontroller has a
USB connection to communicate with a computer and supply the Arduino with power. This
Arduino supports the microcontroller with everything that the microcontroller needs. The
Arduino UNO differs from other Arduino microcontrollers such that it does not use a USB to
serial FTDI chip. Moreover, it uses the Atmega16U2 program to convert from USB to serial.
The Arduino UNO also has SCL and SDA pins beside the AREF and two pins beside the
RESET pin. One of these pins is the IORF pin. The main work of this pin is to allow the modem
to acquire the voltage from the board [9].
The figure 3.2 below shows the Arduino UNO

Figure 3. 2 Arduino UNO

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The Arduino IDE. The IDE is environment of software to build the program call “sketches,”
it will be implemented by the hardware of the Arduino. The IDE job is to define the C program
language to write, analyze, and send the code for microcontroller board. The microcontroller
usually uses the C program language.
The IDE supports the user that can work on C program language, by big libraries. These
libraries have many numbers of functions.
Feature

✓ Able to read analog or digital input signals from different sensors and turn it in to an
output
✓ The board functions can be controlled by sending a set of instructions to the
microcontroller on the board via Arduino IDE.
✓ It does not need an extra piece of hardware to load a new code on to the board. You
can simply use a USB cable.
✓ It provides a standard form factor that breaks the functions of the microcontroller in to
a more accessible packages.
✓ Arduino IDE uses a simplified version of C++, making it easier to learn to a program

3.2.2 Fingerprint module

Fingerprint sensor scanner module capture’s print image and then converts it into the equivalent
template and saves them into its memory as per selected ID by Arduino. All the process is
commanded by Arduino like taking an image of the finger’s print, convert it into templates and
storing as ID, calculating percentages of student attendance in cases of lab and lecture classes
etc. We have used Virtual Serial Kit to give students fingerprint image to the system to attend
either the lab or Lecture session. Virtual Serial port Kit allows creating a pair of Virtual Serial
Ports connected with Virtual null- modem cable. All the data written to one Virtual COM Port
will be immediately read from another COM port and vice versa [10].

Features

✓ Integrated image collection and algorithm chip together, all-in one

✓ Fingerprint reader can conduct secondary development, can be embedded in to a
variety of end products
✓ Low power consumption, low coast, small size, excellent performance
✓ Professional optical technology, precise module manufacturing techniques
✓ Good image processing capabilities, can successfully capture image

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Specifications
✓ Fingerprint sensor type: optical
✓ Sensor life: 100 million times
✓ Static indicators: 15kv backlight: bright green
✓ Interface: USB1.1/UART (TTL logical level)
✓ RS232 communication baud rate:4800BPS changeable
✓ Dimension: 55*32*21.5mm
✓ Image capture surface 15-18(mm)
✓ Verification speed:0.3 second
✓ Scanning speed: 0.5 second
✓ Character file size: 256 bytes
✓ Templet size: 512 bytes
✓ Storage capacity:250
✓ Security level:5(1,2,3,4,5(highest))
✓ False acceptance rate (FAR):0.0001%
✓ False rejection rate (FRR):0.1%
✓ Voltage: 3.6-6.0 VDC
✓ Working current: typical 90 mA, peak 150mA
✓ Matching method: 1: N
✓ Operating environment temperature: -20 to 450 centigrade
The figure 3.3 below shows the Adafruit fingerprint sensor

Figure 3. 3 Adafruit fingerprint sensor

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To communicate fingerprint module Virtual Serial Kit with Arduino we have used Virtual
COM port. Virtual COM port is necessary to enable an application that was written for the
serial port to run on a computer that does not have that interface.
3.2.3 GSM MODEM (SIM900D)
GSMs are the most widely used devices. Three billion people around the world in different
countries use the Global System for Mobile Communication. In any place around the world,
GSM enables global roaming between operators and mobile phones; therefore, users can use
their phones in many countries. Speech and signaling channels of GSM are digital; therefore,
GSM is different from the previous phone system and is the second generation (2G).
The GSM network operates at different kinds of frequencies. Moreover, frequency ranges
differ from country to country. Second generation networks operate in a frequency range of
the 900 MHz or 1800 MHz band. However, the USA and Canada use the 1900 MHz and 850
MHz bands. In Europe, the third-generation network operates in the 2100 MHz band.
The GSM-900 uses the frequency range between 890 MHz and 915 MHz to transmit data from
the station of the mobile to a base station in a procedure called an uplink. The frequency range
of 935 to 960 MHz is used to send data from the base station to the mobile station, and this
operation is called a down link; this provides (0-124) RF channels[8].
Features of SIM900:

✓ Single supply voltage of 3.4V – 4.5V

✓ Typical power consumption in SLEEP mode to 2.5mA
✓ Normal operation in temperature range of -20°C to +55°C
✓ Stores SMS in SIM card
✓ External Antenna is connected via 50 Ohm antenna connector or antenna pad
✓ It has two serial interfaces [2]

The figure 3. 4 below shows the GSM modem

Figure 3. 5 GSM modem

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In this system we have used a GSM module which is used to send a warning message for
students when they have absence in lab class and send notification message when they have
absence in lecture class.
3.2.4 RTC
We have used an RTC module for time and date. time and date are running continuously in the
system. So Arduino take time and date whenever a true student places his finger over a
fingerprint sensor module and save it [11].
The figure 3. 6 below shows the RTC module

Figure 3. 7 RTC module

Features
✓ Counts seconds, minutes, hours, dates of the month, month, day of the week.
✓ 56-byte, battery-backed, Non-Volatile RAM for Data storage.
✓ Two-wire serial interface.
✓ Programmable square-wave output signal.
✓ Automatic power-fail detect and circuitry
✓ Consumes less than 500Na in battery backup mode with oscillator running.
✓ Optional Industrial temperature range : -400c to +850c.
✓ Available in 8-pin.
Pin description
✓ Vcc- Primary power supply
✓ GND- Ground
✓ SDA- (Serial data): is the input/output pin for the two-wire serial interface. The SDA
pin is open drain which requires an external pullup resistor.
✓ SCL- (Serial Clock): is used to synchronize data movement on the serial interface.

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 ✓ SQW/OUT (Square wave/output Driver): When enabled, the SQWE bit set to be 1.
The SQW/OUT pin outputs one of four square wave frequencies (1
Hz,4KHz,8KHz,32KHz). The SQW/OUT pin is Open drain and requires an external
pull-up resistor.
3.2.5 Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)

LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) screen is an electronic display module and find a wide range of
applications. These modules are preferred over seven segment LEDs because it have no
limitation of displaying special and even custom characters, animation and so on. Liquid crystal
does not emit light directly. The working of LCD depends on two sheets of polarizing material
with a liquid crystal solution in between them. When an electric current is passed through the
liquid, it causes the crystals to align so that it blocks out light and does not allow it to pass.
Each crystal behaves like a shutter, it either allows light to pass through or blocks the light. It
can function properly in the temperature range of -10℃ to 60℃ and has operating lifetime of
longer than 50000 hours (at room temperature without direct irradiation of sunlight) [10].
Features of LCD:
✓ Display Mode……………………TN/STN
✓ Number of data line…………….8-bit parallel
✓ Display type……………………. Positive Transflective
✓ Backlight………………………..LED(B/5.0V)
✓ Viewing direction……………….6 o’clock
✓ Operating Temperature…………..Indoor
✓ Driving Voltage………………….Single power
✓ Type……………………………..COB (Chip on Board)
✓ Connector……………………….Pin
✓ Driving method…………………1/16 duty,1/5 bias
In this attendance system we have used 20*4 LCD which is used to display options weather
lab or lecture sessions, fingerprint recognized or not and the percentage of student attendance
out of the whole class.
3.2.6 Resistors
Resistor is an electrical component that limits or regulates the flow of electrical current in an
electronic circuit. It can also be used to provide a specific voltage for an active device.
In this fingerprint attendance system we have used a resistor value having 1k ohm.

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3.3 Overall working principle of the system model
3.3.1 System model
In this project, Arduino is used for controlling the whole process with GSM module.
The figure 3.6 below shows Overall circuit diagram of fingerprint attendance system for
university and college students.

Figure 3. 6 Overall circuit diagram of fingerprint attendance system for university and college
students.

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 CHAPTER FOUR
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
This fingerprint attendance system for University and College students is an advanced system
consisting of many integrated systems. Whenever user places his finger over finger print
module captures finger image, and search if any ID is associated with this fingerprint in the
system. If a fingerprint ID is detected, then LCD will show an options weather he wants to
attend lab or lecture class. This system operates in such a manner that when a student selects
his/her name on the system he/she gives his/her fingerprint sample. After that the fingerprint is
recognized. Since our project selects is it a lab attendance or a lecture attendance system we
have selected either of the two. After attendance is completed the GSM module starts to send
warning and notification messages for students that are not take attendance. After the student
Receive the message, the student takes their measures.

4.1 Results
The figure 4. 1 below shows put the students finger on the fingerprint module

Figure 4. 2 put your finger on the fingerprint module

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The figure 4.2 below shows fingerprint of the student being recognized

Figure 4. 3 show finger recognized of the student

The figure 4. 4 below shows lab or lecture class alternatives for the recognized student.

Figure 4. 5 show lab or lecture class alternatives for the selected student.

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 The figure 4.4 below shows attendance of the recognized students successfully marked,
Name, ID and Date display

Figure 4. 6 show attendance successfully Marked, Name, ID and Date

The figure 4. 7 below shows Notification A GSM delivered to a student whose fingerprint is
successfully recognized

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 Figure 4. 8 A GSM delivered to a student whose fingerprint is successfully recognized

The figure 4. 9 below shows A student whose fingerprint is not registered.

Figure 4. 10 A student whose fingerprint is not registered.

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4.2 Discussion
The main goal of this project is to develop a simple reliable and accurate fingerprint-based
student attendance system. This Fingerprint Sensor Based attendance System for University
and College students consists of two parts: Hardware and Software components In this
fingerprint sensor-based student attendance system circuit, we have used fingerprint sensor
module to authenticate a true person or student by taking their finger input in to the system.
Here we are using five push buttons namely Enter, Up, Down, Done and Back key push buttons.
The functions of this push buttons are used to Enter, Up, Down, Done and Back respectively.
Enter key is used to select weather the student must attend lecture or lab session after
recognizing the fingerprint image. As we have seen from the simulation result the designed
fingerprint-based student attendance system was successful. If the student is not registered, the
LCD displays not registered.

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 CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION FOR FUTURE
WORK
5.1 Conclusion
The purpose of this project is to create a fingerprint-based attendance system to control the
student’s attendance in either the lecture or lab session.

This fingerprint attendance system supports those that are only registered. Those who are not
registered, the LCD displays not registered. The students who registered their status is send an
SMS through their phone number. Based on the text they have get through GSM, the students
take their own measure. Since Human fingerprints are detailed, nearly unique, difficult to alter,
and durable over the life of an individual, making them suitable as long-term makers of human
identity.

It is the process of comparing two instances of friction ridge skin impressions (minutiae), from
human fingers or toes or even the palm of the hand or sole of the foot, to determine whether
these impressions could have come from the same individual. The flexibility of friction ridge
skin means that no two finger or palm prints are ever exactly alike in every detail; even two
impressions recorded immediately after each other from the same hand may be slightly
different. It is also called Individualization. So, fingerprint attendance system avoiding fake
attendance system.

The fingerprint attendance system uses the SIM 900 (GSM modem) for communication
between the mobile station and microcontroller to send and receive instructions.

Furthermore, the prevention of vehicle theft was also an important factor. Users can control
this system device by sending instructions and by receiving alerts by SMS. Users can
determine the position of their vehicles via GPS, by using a phone in conjunction with the
Google Maps application to show vehicle coordinates.

The fingerprint attendance system uses the SIM 900 (GSM modem) for communication
between the mobile station and microcontroller to send and receive instructions.

In addition to this, The system uses the SIM900 modem to send and receive messages.
Instructions are sent from the system to a mobile phone. This step was concluded successfully.

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Finally, the system attains the results for a fingerprint attendance system providing security to
the fake attendance as well as providing a time management system for the instructors as well
as the student.

5.2 Recommendations for Future Work

This project will be more extended by using different technologies.

1. Implement hardware for the system we have developed.

2. It considers the students who are in the case of permission.
3. It considers other systems like Exam period.

Generally increased security to protect fake attendance system.

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REFERENCES

[1] Mariva,D, “Review of Literature Review for Improving attendance in schools”, June 5,
2011.
[2] Paul, A., & Lourde, RA “ desktop based attendance system”, 2006.
[3] Microtronics Technologies, “RFID based attendance system”, 2013.
[4] Mohd. Firdaus Bin Mahyidin.” Student attendance using RFID system”.in University of
Malaysia, Pahang,May, 2008
[5] Ononiwu G, Chiagozie, Okorafor G. Nwaji. “ Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)
Based Attendance System”.in Acadamic Research International, ISSNL-L:2223-
9553.2012;2(2).
[6] Krishna Prasad, K. and Aithal, P. S, “Conceptual Study on User Identification and
Verification Process Using Face Recognition Techniques”, 2017.
[7] Babatunde, I. G. “Fingerprint sensor-based attendance system”, 2012.
[8] Hans J. V., Christian B, “GSM Switching”, Services and Protocol, BG Teubner,
Germany, pp.36, 1998.
[9] http://arduino.cc/en/Main/ArduinoGSMShield
[10] https://learn.adafruit.com
[11] https://store.RTC.com

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 APPENDIX
#include <SoftwareSerial.h>

SoftwareSerial mySerial (2, A1);

#include <Wire.h>

#include "RTClib.h"

//#include <GSM.h>

#include <EEPROM.h>

////GSM gsmAccess;

//GSM_SMS sms;

DateTime now;

RTC_DS1307 rtc;

#include <LiquidCrystal.h>

LiquidCrystal LCD (13,12,11,10,9,8);

char response [12];

int temp1=10, temp2=0, temp4 = 0, B, C1=1, C2=2;

int temp3=0;

bool STATE=true;

bool finish=true;

bool finish2=true;

int A;

int VOLT;

int I;

int id=10;

int max_lec_day=100;

int max_lab_day=80;

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#define back 4

#define up 7

#define down 5

#define enter 6

#define END 3

//functions

bool buzzer state= true;

String incoming String;

String incomingString2;

void serial_check ();

int test=0;

char* finger_id [] = {"11","22","33","44","55"};

String
ID[]={"BDU0701839UR","BDU0702434UR","BDU0702239UR","BDU0702513UR","BDU
0701555UR"};

String
phone_no[]={"0909525117","0909524804","0961149974","0925982138","0912643456"};

char* names [] = {“Habtie","Wasihun","Samuel","Etsehiwot","Tadie",};

int STATE_ID [12];

int presence [10];

float I;

float I_l;

float I2;

float I3;

int T;

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bool not_r=true;

void check ();

int stoint;

int TEMP_V;

int BP_V;

int select2=0;

void call_menu (int M);

void call enters (int &M);

void push_button(int);

void LECTURE ();

void LABORATORY ();

void STATES ();

int LEC_STATE=0;

int PERCENTAGE_LEC=0;

int TOTAL_ABSENSE_LEC=0;

int LAB_STATE=0;

int PERCENTAGE_LAB=0;

int TOTAL_ABSENSE_LAB=0;

byte TOTAL_lec [5];

byte TOTAL_lab [5];

byte STATE_lab [5];

byte STATE_lec [5];

int M=1;

int temp=0;

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int t=1;

bool put finger=true;

int now time=0;

int now_time2=0;

void setup () {

now= rtc. Now ();

now_time=now. second ();

now_time2=now.second();

LCD. Begin (20,4);

Serial. Begin (9600);

mySerial.begin(9600);

for (int I=0; I<5; I++) {

TOTAL_lec[I]=0;

TOTAL_lab[I]=0;

STATE_lab[I]=0;

STATE_lec[I]=0;

rtc. Begin ();

void loop () {

if (put finger) {

LCD. Clear (); LCD.setCursor(2,1); LCD.print("put your finger"); delay (600);

serial_check ()

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 } else {

int N1=0;

push_button(N1);

call_menu(M);

void call_menu (int M) {

check ();

if (temp! = M) {

LCD. Clear ();

LCD.setCursor(6,0);

LCD.print(names[id]);

if (M == 1) {

LCD.setCursor(0,1);

LCD.print(" >");

LCD.setCursor(3,1);

LCD.print("LECTURE");

if (M == 2) {

LCD.setCursor(0,2);

LCD.print(" >");

LCD.setCursor(3,2);

LCD.print("LABRATORY")

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 temp=M;

t=M;

void call enters (int &M, int N) {

if(N==0) {

switch (M) {

case 1:

LECTURE ();

break;

case 2:

LABORATORY ();

break;

case 3:

STATES ();

break;

};

void LECTURE () {

M=1;

temp=0;

while (1) {

check ();

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 if (digital Read(back)) {

while(digital Read(back));

temp=0;

break;

int N2=1;

push_button(N2);

if (temp! = M) {

LCD. Clear ();

LCD.print("LECTERE_ATTEN ");

finish2=true;

if (M == 1) {

LCD.setCursor(0,1);

LCD.print(" >");

LCD.setCursor(3,1);

LCD.print("TOTAL =");

LCD.setCursor(10,1);

TOTAL_lec[id] = TOTAL_lec[id] + 1;

EEPROM.write(180+id*10, int(TOTAL_lec[id]));

float a=TOTAL_lec[id]*100;

a=a/5;

if(a<85) {

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STATE_lec[id]=0;

EEPROM.write(180+id*10, STATE_lec[id]);

} else {

STATE_lec[id]=1;

EEPROM.write(180+id*10, STATE_lec[id]);

LCD.print(TOTAL_lec[id], DEC);

if (M == 2) {

LCD.setCursor(0,2);

LCD.print(" >");

LCD.setCursor(3,2);

LCD.print("PERCENT = ");

LCD.setCursor(13,2);

//TOTAL_lec[id]=TOTAL_lec[id]+1;

//EEPROM.write(180+id*10, TOTAL_lec[id]);

float a3 =(TOTAL_lec[id]) *100;

a3=a3/5;

LCD.print(a3);

LCD.setCursor(18,2);

LCD.print('%');

if (M == 3) {

LCD.setCursor(0,3);

LCD.print(" >");

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}

LCD.setCursor(3,3);

LCD.print("STATES = ");

LCD.setCursor(10,3);

String b="Normal";

String c="Warning";

if(TOTAL_lec[id]>=4) {

LCD.print(b);

} else {

LCD.print(c);

temp = M;

M=t;

void LABORATORY () {

M=1;

temp=0;

while (1) {

check ();

if (digital Read(back)) {

while(digital Read(back));

temp=0;

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 break;

int N2=2;

push_button(N2);

if (temp! = M) {

LCD. Clear();

LCD.print("LABORATORY_ATTE ");

finish=true;

if (M == 1) {

LCD.setCursor(0,1);

LCD.print(" >");

LCD.setCursor(3,1);

LCD.print("TOTAL =");

LCD.setCursor(10,1);

TOTAL_lab[id] = TOTAL_lab[id] + 1;

EEPROM.write(380+id*10, TOTAL_lab[id]);

float a=TOTAL_lab[id]*100;

a=a/5;

if(a<100) {

STATE_lab[id]=0;

EEPROM.write(380+id*10, STATE_lab[id]);

} else {

STATE_lab[id]=1;

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 EEPROM.write(380+id*10, STATE_lab[id]);

LCD.print(TOTAL_lab[id]);

if (M == 2) {

LCD.setCursor(0,2);

LCD.print(" >");

LCD.setCursor(3,2);

LCD.print("PERCENT = ");

LCD.setCursor(11,2);

// TOTAL_lab[id]=TOTAL_lab[id]+1;

//EEPROM.write(180+id*10, TOTAL_lab[id]);

float a2=TOTAL_lab[id]*100;

a2=a2/5;

if(a2<100) {

STATE_lab[id]=0;

EEPROM.write(380+id*10, STATE_lab[id]);

} else {

STATE_lab[id]=1;

EEPROM.write(380+id*10, STATE_lab[id]);

LCD.print(a2);

LCD.setCursor(16,2);

LCD.print("%");

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 if (M == 3) {

LCD.setCursor(0,3);

LCD.print(" >");

LCD.setCursor(3,3);

LCD.print("STATES = ");

LCD.setCursor(10,3);

String b="Normal";

String c="Warning";

if(TOTAL_lab[id]>=4) {

LCD.print(b);

} else {

LCD.print(c);

temp=M;

M=t;

void STATES () {

M=1;

temp=0;

while (1) {

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 check ();

if (digital Read(back)) {

while (digital Read(back));

temp=0;

break;

int N3=3;

push_button(N3);

if (temp! = M) {

LCD.clear();

LCD.setCursor(0,0);

LCD.print("STATE");

if (M == 1) {

LCD.setCursor(0,2);

LCD.print(" >");

LCD.setCursor(3,2);

LCD.print("WARNINGS");

temp=M;

M=t;

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void push_button (int N) {

if (digital Read(up)) {

while (digital Read(up));

M--;

else if (digital Read(down)) {

while (digital Read(down));

M++;

else if (digitalRead(enter)) {

while(digitalRead(enter));

call_enter (M, N);

if (M>3 || M<1) {

M=1;

void check () {

//now= rtc. Now ();

serial_check ();

if (digitalRead(END)) {

while(digitalRead(END));

put finger=true

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M=0;

if (now. second () - now_time >= 25 && finish2 && not_r) {

now_time = now. second ();

mySerial.println(now_time);

for (int I=0; I<5; I++) {

if(STATE_lec[I] == 0 && finish2) {

mySerial.println("gsmAccess.begin();");

mySerial.println("sms. beginSMS(phone_no[I]);");

mySerial.println("sms.print ('you have to attend the class');");

mySerial.println("sms. endSMS (); ");

mySerial.println("you have to attend the class");

mySerial.println(names[i]);

mySerial.println("NO = " + phone_no[i]);

mySerial.println("@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
@@@@@");

STATE_lec[i]=1;

finish2=false;

if (now. second () - now_time2 >= 16 && finish && not_r) {

now_time2 = now. second ();

mySerial.println(now_time2);

for (int I=0;i<5;i++){

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 if(STATE_lab[I] == 0 && finish) {

mySerial.println("gsmAccess.begin();");

mySerial.println("sms. beginSMS(phone_no[i]);");

mySerial.println("sms.print ('warning! ');");

mySerial.println("you have to contact with your lab assistance");

mySerial.println("sms. endSMS (); ");

mySerial.println("you have to attend the lab 100%");

mySerial.println(names[I]);

mySerial.println("NO = " + phone_no[I]);

println
("@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@");

mySerial.println(" ");

STATE_lab[i]=1;

finish=false;

void serial_check () {

now= rtc. Now ();

if (Serial.available()>0)

I=0;

do

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 while (Serial.available() <=0);

response[I]=Serial. Read ();

I++;

} while(i<2);

response[i]='\0';

Serial.println(' ');

if (strcmp (response, finger_id [0]) ==0) {

LCD.clear(); LCD.setCursor(2,1); LCD.print("FINGER RECOGNIZED"); delay (800);

LCD.clear(); LCD.setCursor(2,0); LCD.print("ATTENDANCE MARKED");

LCD.setCursor(7, 1); LCD.print(names [0]); LCD.print(“!");

LCD.setCursor(2, 2); LCD.print("ID = "+ID [0]); LCD.print(“!");

LCD.setCursor(5, 3);

LCD.print(now. Year (), DEC);

LCD.print('/');

LCD.print(now. Month (), DEC);

LCD.print('/');

LCD.print(now.day (), DEC);

delay (800);

id=0;

not_r=true;

} else if (strcmp (response, finger_id [1]) ==0) {

LCD.clear(); LCD.setCursor(2,1); LCD.print("FINGER RECOGNIZED"); delay (800);

LCD.clear(); LCD.setCursor(2,0); LCD.print("ATTENDANCE MARKED");

LCD.setCursor(7, 1); LCD.print(names [1]); LCD.print(“!")

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LCD.setCursor(2, 2); LCD.print("ID = "+ID [1]);

LCD.setCursor(5, 3);

LCD.print(now. Year (), DEC);

LCD.print('/');

LCD.print(now. Month (), DEC);

LCD.print('/');

LCD.print(now.day (), DEC);

delay (800);

not_r=true;

id=1;

} else if (strcmp (response, finger_id [2]) ==0) {

LCD.clear(); LCD.setCursor(2,1); LCD.print("FINGER RECOGNIZED"); delay (800);

LCD.clear(); LCD.setCursor(2,0); LCD.print("ATTENDANCE MARKED");

LCD.setCursor(7, 1); LCD.print(names [2]); LCD.print(“!");

LCD.setCursor(2, 2); LCD.print("ID = "+ID [2]);

LCD.setCursor(5, 3);

LCD.print(now. year (), DEC);

LCD.print('/');

LCD.print(now. month (), DEC);

LCD.print('/');

LCD.print(now.day (), DEC);

delay (800);

id=2;

not_r=true;

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}else if(strcmp(response,finger_id[3])==0){

LCD.clear(); LCD.setCursor(2,1); LCD.print("FINGER RECOGNIZED");delay(800);

LCD.clear(); LCD.setCursor(2,0); LCD.print("ATTENDANCE MARKED");

LCD.setCursor(7, 1); LCD.print(names[3]); LCD.print(" !");

LCD.setCursor(2, 2); LCD.print("ID = "+ID[3]);

LCD.setCursor(5, 3);

LCD.print(now.year(), DEC);

LCD.print('/');

LCD.print(now.month(), DEC);

LCD.print('/');

LCD.print(now.day(), DEC);

delay(800);

not_r=true;

id=3;

}else if(strcmp(response,finger_id[4])==0){

LCD.clear(); LCD.setCursor(2,1); LCD.print("FINGER RECOGNIZED");delay(800);

LCD.clear(); LCD.setCursor(2,0); LCD.print("ATTENDANCE MARKED");

LCD.setCursor(7, 1); LCD.print(names[4]); LCD.print(" !");

LCD.setCursor(2, 2); LCD.print("ID = "+ID[4]);

LCD.setCursor(5, 3);

LCD.print(now.year(), DEC);

LCD.print('/');

LCD.print(now.month(), DEC);

LCD.print('/');

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 LCD.print(now.day(), DEC);

delay(800);

not_r=true;

id=4;

}else if(strcmp(response,finger_id[5])==0){

LCD.clear(); LCD.setCursor(2,1); LCD.print("FINGER RECOGNIZED");delay(800);

LCD.clear(); LCD.setCursor(2,0); LCD.print("ATTENDANCE MARKED");

LCD.setCursor(7, 1); LCD.print(names[5]); LCD.print(" !");

LCD.setCursor(2, 2); LCD.print("ID = "+ID[5]);

LCD.setCursor(5, 3);

LCD.print(now.year(), DEC);

LCD.print('/');

LCD.print(now.month(), DEC);

LCD.print('/');

LCD.print(now.day(), DEC);

delay(800);

not_r=true;

id=5;

else{

LCD.setCursor(2,1); LCD.print("not registered");delay(800);

not_r=false;

M=1;

temp=1

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}

put_finger = false;

if(not_r){

M=1;

temp=0;

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