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Consolidation test lab report xls

OBJECTIVE To determine the settlements due to primary consolidation of soil by conducting one dimensional test. NEED AND SCOPE The test is conducted to determine the settlement due to primary consolidation. To determine : Rate of consolidation under normal load. Degree of consolidation at any time. iii. Pressure-void ratio
relationship. Coefficient of consolidation at various pressures. Compression index. From the above information it will be possible for us to predict the time rate and extent of settlement of structures founded on fine-grained soils. It is also helpful in analyzing the stress history of soil. Since the settlement analysis of the foundation depends mainly on
the values determined by the test, this test is very important for foundation design. PLANNING AND ORGANIZATION Consolidometer consisting essentially a) A ring of diameter = 60mm and height = 20mm b) Two porous plates or stones of silicon carbide, aluminum oxide or porous metal. c) Guide ring. d) Outer ring. e) Water jacket
with base. f) Pressure pad. g) Rubber basket. Loading device consisting of frame, lever system, loading yoke dial gauge fixing device and weights. Dial gauge to read to an accuracy of 0.002mm. Thermostatically controlled oven. Stopwatch to read seconds. Miscellaneous items like balance, soil trimming tools, spatula, filter papers, sample
containers. PRINCIPAL INVOLVED When a compressive load is applied to soil mass, a decrease in its volume takes place, the decease in volume of soil mass under stress is known as compression and the property of soil mass pertaining to its tendency to decrease in volume under pressure is known as compressibility. In a saturated soil mass having
its void filled with incompressible water, decrease in volume or compression can take place when water is expelled out of the voids. Such a compression resulting from a long time static load and the consequent escape of pore water is termed as consolidation. Then the load is applied on the saturated soil mass, the entire load is carried by pore water
in the beginning. As the water starts escaping from the voids, the hydrostatic pressure in water gets gradually dissipated and the load is shifted to the soil solids which increases effective on them, as a result the soil mass decrease in volume. The rate of escape of water depends on the permeability of the soil. 1) From the sample tube, eject the
sample into the consolidation ring. The sample should project about one cm from outer ring. Trim the sample smooth and flush with top and bottom of the ring by using a knife. Clean the ring from outside and keep it ready from weighing. 2) Remoulded sample : a) Choose the density and water content at which samples has to be compacted
from the moisture density relationship. b) Calculate the quantity of soil and water required to mix and compact. c) Compact the specimen in compaction mould in three layers using the standard rammers. d) Eject the specimen from the mould using the sample extractor. PROCEDURE 1. Saturate two porous stones either by boiling in
distilled water about 15 minute or by keeping them submerged in the distilled water for 4 to 8 hrs. Wipe away excess water. Fittings of the consolidometer which is to be enclosed shall be moistened. Assemble the consolidometer, with the soil specimen and porous stones at top and bottom of specimen, providing a filter paper between the soil
specimen and porous stone. Position the pressure pad centrally on the top porous stone. Mount the mould assembly on the loading frame, and center it such that the load applied is axial. Position the dial gauge to measure the vertical compression of the specimen. The dial gauge holder should be set so that the dial gauge is in the begging of its
releases run, allowing sufficient margin for the swelling of the soil, if any. Connect the mould assembly to the water reservoir and the sample is allowed to saturate. The level of the water in the reservoir should be at about the same level as the soil specimen. Apply an initial load to the assembly. The magnitude of this load should be chosen by trial,
such that there is no swelling. It should be not less than 50 g/cm3 for ordinary soils & 25 g/cm2 for very soft soils. The load should be allowed to stand until there is no change in dial gauge readings for two consecutive hours or for a maximum of 24 hours. Note the final dial reading under the initial load. Apply first load of intensity 0.1 kg/cm2 start
the stop watch simultaneously. Record the dial gauge readings at various time intervals. The dial gauge readings are taken until 90% consolidation is reached. Primary consolidation is gradually reached within 24 hrs. At the end of the period, specified above take the dial reading and time reading. Double the load intensity and take the dial readings at
various time intervals. Repeat this procedure fir successive load increments. The usual loading intensity are as follows : a. 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 8 kg/cm2. After the last loading is completed, reduce the load to ¼ of the value of the last load and allow it to stand for 24 hrs. Reduce the load further in steps of ¼ the previous intensity till an
intensity of 0.1 kg/cm2 is reached. Take the final reading of the dial gauge. Reduce the load to the initial load, keep it for 24 hrs and note the final readings of the dial gauge. Quickly dismantle the specimen assembly and remove the excess water on the soil specimen in oven, note the dry weight of it. OBSERVATION AND READING Table I Data and
observation sheet for consolidation test pressure, compression and time. Project : Name of the project Borehole no. : 1 Depth of the sample : 2m Description of soil : Empty weight of ring : 635 gm Area of ring : 4560 mm2 (45.60 cm2) Diameter of ring : 76.2
mm (7.62 cm) Volume of ring : 115.82 cm3 Height of ring : 25.4 (2.54 cm) Specific gravity of soil sample No: Dial Gauge = 0.0127 mm (least count) Pressure Intensity (Kg/cm2) 0.1 0.2 0.5 1 2 4 8 Elapsed Time 0.25 1 2.5 4 6.25 9 16 25 30 1
hr 2 hrs 4 hrs 8 hrs 24 hrs Observation Sheet for Consolidation Test : Pressure Voids Ratio Applied pressure Final dial reading Dial change Specimen hieght Height solids Height of voids Void ration 0 0.1 0.2 0.5 1.0 2.0 4.0 8.0 4.0 2.0 1.0 0.5 0.2 0.1 CALCULATIONS 1. Height of solids (HS) is calculated from the equation HS =
WS/G ´ A 2. Void ratio. Voids ratio at the end of various pressures are calculated from equation e = (H – HS)/HS 3. Coefficient of consolidation. The Coefficient of consolidation at each pressures increment is calculated by using the following equations : Cv = 0.197 d2/t50 (Log fitting method) Cv = 0.848 d2/t90 (Square fitting method) In
the log fitting method, a plot is made between dial reading and logarithmic of time, the time corresponding to 50% consolidation is determined. In the square root fitting method, a plot is made between dial readings and square root of time and the time corresponding to 90% consolidation is determined. The values of Cv are recorded in table II. 4.
Compression Index. To determine the compression index, a plot of voids ratio (e) Vs logt is made. The initial compression curve would be a straight line and the slope of this line would give the compression index Cc. 5. Coefficient of compressibility. It is calculated as follows av = 0.435 Cc/Avg. pressure for the increment where Cc =
Coefficient of compressibility 6. Coefficient of permeability. It is calculated as follows K = Cv.av *(unit weight of water)/(1+e). Graphs 1. Dial reading VS log of time or Dial reading VS square root of time. 2. Voids ratio VS logs¢ (average pressure for the increment). General Remarks 1. While preparing the specimen, attempts has to
be made to have the soil strata orientated in the same direction in the consolidation apparatus. 2. During trimming care should be taken in handling the soil specimen with least pressure. 3. Smaller increments of sequential loading have to be adopted for soft soils. 18-08-2021 Contents [ hide show ]. Soil Consolidation refers to the process in which the
volume of a saturated partially or fully soil decreases due to an applied stress. The term was introduced by Karl von Terzaghi also known as the "father of soil mechanics and geotechnical engineering". Terzaghi established the one-dimensional consolidation theory and changed the definition of the term since it was previously associated and still is, in
geosciences with the compaction of clay sediments that formed shales. When a load is applied in a low permeability soil, it is initially carried by the water that exists in the porous of a saturated soil resulting in a rapid increase of pore water pressure.To determine the compressibility. To determine the rate of consolidation of a remoulded sample of
soil. Consolidation is the gradual reduction in volume of a fully saturated soil of low permeability due to the drainage of some of wadminep error 3194 pore water under the application of a constant vertical load, or the removal of ground water which causes the water table to lower. This often occurs in clayey layer as the pore water will gradually be
squeezed out as time goes on, leading to an increase in the. The process of consolidation continues until the excess pore water pressure set up by an increase in total stress has completely dissipated. Rebound curves from consolidation tests on Ontong Java Plateau samples yield porosity rebounds of using Hamilton's () generalized laboratory curve for
rebound is a possible source of error, the procedure was performed with.ABSTRACT. This is a comparative study between consolidation testing under standard consolidation tests performed in the laboratory. Sources of error. 12).This is a comparative study between consolidation testing under standard consolidation tests performed in the laboratory.
Sources of error.Consolidation Test The author presents evidence that very small hydraulic gradients should be used in laboratory permeability tests to minimize errors arising from seepage-induced consolidation. These errors will be carried forward to practice in significant ways. The gradients must be such that the seepage-induced effective
stresses are substantially less than the maximum past effective stress. In cases of normally consolidated soils, there will always be induced errors: the softer the clay, the greater the errors. In the process of gathering soil samples for use in laboratory investigation, errors can occur at several stages: sampling errors. selection errors.
measurement.Connect with TRB Consolidation Test(1) - Free download as Word Doc .doc), PDF File .pdf), Text File .txt) or read online for be determined in the laboratory by the oedometer test. trend line a lot, this may due to some experimental errors.Summary Equilibrium activity ratios such as aK/(aca+Mg)½ may be determined by analysing a
solution in equilibrium with a soil. The Q/I procedure is one.Students' integration of multiple representations in a titration experiment Highlights include sources of error, use of spreadsheets to generate titration curves, 6MP.EFFECTS OF CONSOLIDATION ON PERMEABILITY MEASUREMENTS FOR SOFT CLAY Versatile fully automatic Oedometer
soil consolidation testing machine by The increment of applied stress that causes consolidation may be due to either The test is one of the most commonly conducted, and important, laboratory tests in geotechnical engineering. An error occurred while retrieving sharing information.12). Sources of Error. In the process of gathering soil samples for use
in laboratory investigation, errors can occur at several stages: sampling.Consolidation test is used to determine the rate and magnitude of soil stratum is oriented such that the laboratory test will load the soil in the same direction.Error 65561 easeus diskNintendo wii error code 32024Error 990010200Rails nomethoderror undefined method module
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