Study of Animal Type Cockroach

11.
Study of Animal Type -

Cockroach
11.5— Digestive system of
cockroach.
Digestive system of cockroach
Alimentary
canal
Foregut Mid-gut Hindgut

(stomodaeum) (mesenteron) (proctodaeum)
Digestive system of cockroach
Mouth
• Mouth / pre-oral chamber is a narrow space bounded by mouth parts.
• Mouth parts adapted for chewing and biting of food.
• Hypopharynx is present at the centre of mouth.
• Salivary duct opens at the base of hypopharynx.
• Mouth opens into foregut.
Fore-gut (Stomodaeum)
Foregut
Pharynx. Oesophagus. Crop. Gizzard

Pharynx
• Pharynx is very short, narrow but muscular tube.
• It contains taste sensillae.
• It leads to oesophagus.
Oesophagus
• Oesophagus is slightly long and narrow tube.
• It opens in crop.
• Crop is large, pearshaped sac like organ.
• It temporarily stores the food and then sends it to gizzard
Gizzard
• Gizzard (Proventriculus) is
small, spherical organ.
• Internally, it is provided with
a circlet of six chitinous teeth
and backwardly directed
bristles.
• Teeth are responsible for
crushing the food.
• Bristles help in filtering the
food.
• Foregut ends with gizzard.
Mid-gut (Mesenteron)
Midgut
Hepatic
Stomach
caecae
Stomach
• Stomach (ventriculus) is straight, short and narrow.
• It is lined by glandular epithelium. Which secretes digestive
enzymes.
• Stomach is mainly responsible for digestion and absorption.
Hepatic caecae
• Hepatic caecae are thin, transparent, short, blind (closed) and
hollow tubules.
• Hepatic caecae secrete digestive enzymes and thus help in digestion
of food.
Hind-gut (Proctodaeum)
Hindgut
ileum colon rectum

Ileum.
• Ileum is short and narrow part of hind-gut.
• Malpighian tubules open in the anterior lumen of ileum, near the
junction of mid-gut with hind-gut.
• Posterior region of ileum contains sphincter.
• Ileum sends nitrogenous wastes and undigested food towards colon.
Colon
• Colon is longer and wider part of hind-gut.
• It sends the waste material towards rectum.
• It reabsorbs water from wastes as per need.
Rectum
• Rectum is oval or spindle-shaped, terminal part of hind-gut.
• Rectum opens outside by anus.
• Anus is present on ventral side of 10th segment.
• Anus is last/ posterior opening of digestive system. It gives
out undigested food.
Salivary Glands
• Cockroach has a pair of salivary

glands which secrete saliva. Each
gland consists of two glandular
lobes and one receptacle or
reservoir. Glandular lobes
consists of many irregular-
shaped white lobules.
• These lobules secrete saliva.
salivary duct opens at the base
of tongue or hypopharynx.
Food and digestion
• Cockroach is omnivorous.
• It feeds upon plant and animal material.
• It has chewing and biting type of mouth parts, that chew the food
and push it into alimentary canal.
• As food passes through the alimentary canal, it is digested and
finally undigested food is eliminated through anus.
11.6- Circulatory system or
blood vascular system.
Circulatory system or blood vascular system
Circulatory
system
Dorsal blood
Haemolymph Haemocoel
vessel
• Cockroach has open type of circulatory system that consists of
• Colourless blood (haemolymph)
• Dorsal blood vessel (heart and dorsal aorta)
• Haemocoel
Haemolymph :
• Haemolymph of cockroach is without any pigment; hence it is
colourless.
• It consists of plasma and seven types of blood cells / haemocytes.
Plasma consists of water with some dissolved organic and inorganic
solutes. It is rich in nutrients and nitrogenous wastes like uric acid
Haemocoel :
• Body cavity (coelom) of cockroach is divided into three sinuses due to
two diaphragms i.e. dorsal and ventral diaphragm.
• Dorsal and ventral diaphragms are thin fibromuscular septa (sing.—
septum). It remains attached to terga along lateral sides at
intermittent points.
• Dorsal diaphragm has 12 pairs (2 thoracic and 10 abdominal) of fan
like alary muscles. Alary muscles are triangular with pointed end
attached to terga at lateral side and broad end lies between heart and
dorsal diaphragm. Ventral diaphragm is flat and present just above
the ventral nerve cord.
• Laterally, it is attached to sterna at intermittent points.
Sinuses
Pericardial sinus Perivisceral sinus Perineural sinus

Sinuses
Sinuses
❑Coelom of cockroach is gets divided into three sinuses as
▪ Pericardial.
▪ Perivisceral.
▪ Perineural sinus.
❑Pericardial sinus is dorsal, very small and contains dorsal vessel.
❑Perivisceral sinus is middle and largest. It contains fat bodies and
almost all major visceral organs of alimentary canal and reproductive
system.
❑Perineural sinus is ventral, small and contains ventral nerve cord. It is
continuous into legs.
Circulatory System
,
Circulatory
system
Heart Blood
White colour
13 chambered
(haemolymph)
10 chamber in
3 chamber in
abdominal Plasma Cells
thoracic region
region
Dorsal blood vessel/Heart :
• Heart is present in pericardial sinus, just below the tergum.
• Heart is divisible into posterior heart and anterior aorta (dorsal aorta / cephalic
vessel).
• Heart is about 2.5cm long, narrow, muscular tube that is open anteriorly and closed
posteriorly.
• Heart starts from 9th abdominal segment and extends anteriorly upto 1st thoracic
segment.
• Heart is divisible into thirteen chambers.
• Ten chambers are in abdominal region and three are in thoracic region. Each chamber
has a pair of vertical slit like incurrent aperture / opening called ostium (pl. - ostia).
• Ostia are present along lateral side in posterior region of first 12 chambers. Each
ostium has lip-like valves that allow flow of blood from sinus to heart only.
• Heart is continued by a short, thin walled vessel called as dorsal aorta. It lies in head
region and opens in the haemocoel.

Study of Animal Type Cockroach

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11.

Study of Animal Type -

Foregut Mid-gut Hindgut

Pharynx. Oesophagus. Crop. Gizzard

ileum colon rectum

• Cockroach has a pair of salivary

Pericardial sinus Perivisceral sinus Perineural sinus

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