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Process Safety Engineering Problem1 of Lecture 4

The document provides a step-by-step solution to estimate the actual amounts of ammonia and ONCB that would need to be added to increase the intrinsic reaction rate by 2.18 times, given the normal batch charges and rates. It first calculates the densities, volumes, and molarities of the original mixture. It then uses the rate equation to calculate the increased rate, and solves for the new ONCB molarity and mass required. The increased ONCB mass needed is 1089.9825 kg.

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John Emmanuel Ramos
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88 views2 pages

Process Safety Engineering Problem1 of Lecture 4

The document provides a step-by-step solution to estimate the actual amounts of ammonia and ONCB that would need to be added to increase the intrinsic reaction rate by 2.18 times, given the normal batch charges and rates. It first calculates the densities, volumes, and molarities of the original mixture. It then uses the rate equation to calculate the increased rate, and solves for the new ONCB molarity and mass required. The increased ONCB mass needed is 1089.9825 kg.

Uploaded by

John Emmanuel Ramos
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Graciella P.

Lanuza
ChE – 4201
Process Safety Engineering
Problem Solving
The overall intrinsic rate of reaction was given as:
rate = k [NH3]^ α [ONCB]
If the normal batch charge was 500 kg of ONCB (temp=40°C) and 2,600 kg of 26°Be
(Measured at 20°C) ammonia, estimate the actual amounts added to the same volume which
would increase the intrinsic rate 2.18 times. Assume that α is =1.
Additional Data: mass % Ammonia: 28.2%
mass % Water : 71.8%
k= 0.077896 cubic meter/kmol/hr
Solution:
Since the ammonia solution has higher density than water
145
°𝐵𝑒 = 145 − = 26°𝐵𝑒
𝑆𝑔
𝑆𝑔 = 1.2185
Density of ammonia solution:
𝜌𝑁𝐻3
𝑆𝑔 =
𝜌𝐻2 𝑂
𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝑔
𝜌𝑁𝐻3 = 1.2185 × 1000 3
= 1218.4874 3
𝑚 𝑚
Density of ONCB:
𝑆𝑔𝑂𝑁𝐶𝐵 = 1.305
𝑘𝑔
𝜌𝑁𝐻3 = 1.305 × 1000 = 1305 𝑘𝑔/𝑚3
𝑚3
Volume of the Mixture:
𝑚 2600 𝑘𝑔
𝑉𝑁𝐻3 = = = 2.1338 𝑚3
𝜌 𝑘𝑔
1218.4874 3
𝑚
𝑚 500 𝑘𝑔
𝑉𝐻2 𝑂 = = = 0.3831 𝑚3
𝜌 𝑘𝑔
1305 3
𝑚
𝑉𝑀𝑖𝑥𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒 = 𝑉𝑁𝐻3 + 𝑉𝑂𝑁𝐶𝐵

𝑉𝑀𝑖𝑥𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒 = 2.1338 𝑚3 + 0.3831 𝑚3 = 2.5169 𝑚3


Molarity of Ammonia and ONCB:
28.2 𝑘𝑔 𝑁𝐻3 1 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑘𝑔 𝑁𝐻3 1
2600 𝑘𝑔 𝑁𝐻3 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑛 × × ×
100 𝑘𝑔 𝑁𝐻3 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑛 17.031 𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝑔 𝑁𝐻3 2.5169 𝑚3
𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
= 17.1047
𝑚3
1 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑂𝑁𝐶𝐵 1
500 𝑘𝑔 𝑂𝑁𝐶𝐵 × ×
157.55 𝑘𝑔 𝑂𝑁𝐶𝐵 2.5169 𝑚3
𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
= 1.2609
𝑚3
Rate of Reaction:
𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 = 𝑘[𝑁𝐻3 ]𝛼 [𝑂𝑁𝐶𝐵]

m3 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 1 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 = 0.077896 (17.1047 3
) (1.2609 )
𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙‧ℎ𝑟 𝑚 𝑚3
𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 = 1.68
𝑚3 ‧ℎ𝑟
2.18 times increase in the intrinsic rate:
𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑑 = 2.18 × 1.68 = 3.6624 3
𝑚 ‧ℎ𝑟
3 𝑚 ‧ℎ𝑟
𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑑 = 𝑘[𝑁𝐻3 ]𝛼 [𝑂𝑁𝐶𝐵]

𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 m3 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 1
3.6624 3 = 0.077896 (17.1047 ) [𝑂𝑁𝐶𝐵]
𝑚 ‧ℎ𝑟 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙‧ℎ𝑟 𝑚3
𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
[𝑂𝑁𝐶𝐵] = 2.7487
𝑚3
𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 157.55 𝑘𝑔 𝑂𝑁𝐶𝐵
𝑛𝑂𝑁𝐶𝐵 = 𝑀 × 𝑉𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 2.7487 3
× 2.5169 𝑚3 = 6.9183 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 ( )
𝑚 1 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑂𝑁𝐶𝐵 = 1089.9825 𝑘𝑔 𝑂𝑁𝐶𝐵

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