Scribd
Upload
93 views13 pages

Hydraulic Systems - Lecture 15

This document provides an introduction to hydraulic systems, including: 1) Hydraulic systems use pressurized fluids like liquids or gases to generate, control, and transmit power in applications like industrial machinery, mobile equipment, steelworks, and aircraft. 2) Hydraulic systems offer advantages like simple and accurate control, force multiplication, reversible motion, and compact high-power systems, but also have disadvantages like fluid leakage and potential for fires near leaks. 3) Hydraulic or pneumatic systems are chosen based on factors like required pressure levels, accuracy needs, and application type. Hydraulic systems are generally used where high pressure and accuracy are required.

Uploaded by

Vinith Prashan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
93 views13 pages

Hydraulic Systems - Lecture 15

This document provides an introduction to hydraulic systems, including: 1) Hydraulic systems use pressurized fluids like liquids or gases to generate, control, and transmit power in applications like industrial machinery, mobile equipment, steelworks, and aircraft. 2) Hydraulic systems offer advantages like simple and accurate control, force multiplication, reversible motion, and compact high-power systems, but also have disadvantages like fluid leakage and potential for fires near leaks. 3) Hydraulic or pneumatic systems are chosen based on factors like required pressure levels, accuracy needs, and application type. Hydraulic systems are generally used where high pressure and accuracy are required.

Uploaded by

Vinith Prashan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 13

Lecture 15 - Unit 04– Hydraulic Systems 01

Fluid Mechanics

Mr. Hasarinda Kariyawasam


BSc Eng. (Hons) UOM, AMIE(SL), ECSL
Department of Engineering Technology
Sabaragamuwa University of Sri Lanka.
Outline

• Hydraulic Systems
• Introduction

2
Acknowledgement
• Lecture notes from Dr. Chathura Ranasinghe,
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of
Moratuwa.
• Lecture notes from Dr. Thusitha Sugathapala,
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of
Moratuwa.
• Hydraulics & Fluid Mechanics Including Hydraulics
Machines by P.N. Modi.
• Fluid Mechanics 5th edition by John F. Douglas,
Janusz M. Gasiorek, John A. Swaffield, Lynne B. Jack.

8/8/2022 Engineering Technology 3


Hydraulic Systems
INTRODUCTION
• Definition
 Power hydraulics (or fluid power) deals with generation, control and
transmission of power using pressurised fluids
 Includes hydraulics, which involves liquids, and pneumatics, which involves gases

• Applications
Industrial Hydraulics
- Plastic Machines (eg. injection moulding)
- Presses (eg. drawing, forming, forging)
- Heavy Machinery
- Machine tools (eg. lathe, milling)

Mobile Hydraulics
- Excavators
- Cranes
- Constructional and Agricultural Machinery
INTRODUCTION
• Applications …
Hydraulics in Steelworks, Civil Engineering and Generating Stations
- Lock gates and Dams
- Mining Machinery
- Turbines
- Nuclear Power Plants
- Bridge Operating Equipment

Hydraulics in Special Technical Applications


- Telescope and Antenna Operations
- Landing Gear and Rudder Control of Aircraft
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
• Advantages of Fluid Power Systems
- Simple and accurate control
- Multiplication of forces
- Instantly reversible motion
- Step-less change of speed, torque/force etc
- Capable of providing constant force or torque regardless of
speed changes
- Simple automatic overload protection
- High forces/torque with compact size (ie. high power density)
- Simple operation and maintenance
INTRODUCTION
• Disadvantages of Fluid Power Systems
- Hydraulic oils are messy
- Leakage cannot be eliminated completely
- Hydraulic lines can burst
- May cause fire near oil leakage with hot temperatures
INTRODUCTION

• Hydraulics or Pneumatic ?
 Many factors are considered by the manufacturer and/or the
user when determining which type to use in a specific
application
 If the application:
 Requires speed, a medium amount of pressure,
and only fairly accurate control Pneumatic

 Requires only a medium


amount of pressure and a Combination of hydraulics and
more accurate control pneumatics

 Requires a great amount of pressure and/or


extremely accurate control Hydraulics
INTRODUCTION

• Advantages of Pneumatic over Hydraulic Systems


- Fire resistance
- Freely available
- Can be exhausted back to atmosphere
- Not messy
• Disadvantages of Pneumatic over Hydraulic Systems

- Cannot be used where accurate positioning or rigid holding


is needed
- Sluggish (slow) response
- Poor lubricant
- Air can be corrosive since it contains oxygen and water
HYDRAULIC FLUIDS
• Primary functions of a hydraulic fluid
- Transmit power
- Lubricate moving parts
- Dissipate heat
- Seal clearances between moving parts
• Properties needed to perform above functions safely
and economically
- Good lubricity
- Chemical and environmental stability
- Low density
- Ideal viscosity
HYDRAULIC FLUIDS
• Properties needed …
- Compatibility with system materials
- Foam resistance (dissolved or dispersed air bubbles)
- Fire resistance
- Good heat transfer capacity
- Low volatility (tendency to vaporize)
- Minimum toxicity
- Very high bulk modulus (how resistant to compression)
- Low pour point (liquid loses its flow characteristics)
- High flash point (vapors ignite if given an ignition source)
- In addition to the above, the fluid should be inexpensive and
readily available
End of Lecture

Thank You!

You might also like