Hioki 3540 Manual

INSTRUCTION MANUAL
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mΩ HiTESTER
Contents
Introduction i
Inspection i
Safety ii
Precautions v
Chapter 1 Outline 1
1.1 Four-terminal Method 1
1.2 Temperature Correction Function 3
1.3 Effects of Thermoelectromotive Force 5
Chapter 2 Name and Functions 7

2.1 Front Panel 7
2.2 Rear Panel 11
2.2.1 3540 11
2.2.2 3540-01 11
2.2.3 3540-02 11
2.2.4 3540-03 12
2.3 Top Case 13
Chapter 3 Specifications 15
3.1 General Specifications 15
3.2 Measurement Range 18
Chapter 4 Operating Procedure 21

4.1 Preparing Measurement 21
4.1.1 Measurement Leads 22
4.1.2 About the Temperature Probe 23
4.1.3 Instrument Handle 23
4.2 Resistance Measurement 24
4.2.1 Setting the Power Supply Frequency 25
4.2.2 Changing the Measurement Range 26
4.2.3 Zero Adjust Function 27
4.2.4 Switching the Sampling Speed 28
4.2.5 Hold Function 28
4.2.6 Overload Indicator 29
4.2.7 Current Abnormality (CCERR) Detection
Function 29
4.3 Comparator Function 30
4.3.1 Using the Comparator 31
4.3.2 Selecting the Comparator Table 31
4.3.3 Selecting the Comparator Mode 31
4.3.4 Selecting the Buzzer Mode 32
4.3.5 Configuring the Comparison Values 33
4.3.6 Outputting Comparator Results 34
4.4 Temperature Correction Function (TC) 35
4.5 Temperature Measurement 36
Chapter 5 External Control Features 37

5.1 Connectors 38
5.1.1 The External Terminal 39
5.1.2 The External Connectors 40
5.2 Connections to Terminals 41
5.2.1 The External Terminal 41
5.2.2 External Connectors 42
5.3 Electrical Specification 43
5.3.1 Power Supply Rating 43
5.3.2 Input/output Ratings 44
5.3.3 Internal Circuit 45
5.4 Using the Signals 46
5.4.1 Measurement Control 47
5.4.2 Outputting Measurement Results 50
Chapter 6 RS-232C Interface 53

6.1 Specifications 53
6.1.1 RS-232C Settings 53
6.1.2 Electrical Characteristics 53
6.1.3 Connector 54
6.1.4 Connection Method 54
6.2 Communication Method 55
6.2.1 Connection to Computer 55
6.2.2 Command Transfer Method 55
6.2.3 Command Format 56
6.2.4 Response Format 57
6.2.5 Delimiter 57
6.3 Command 58
6.3.1 Explanation of Command References 58
6.3.2 Command References 59
6.3.3 Received Data 70
Chapter 7 Printers 73
7.1 Making Connections 73
7.2 Printing 75
Chapter 8 Maintenance and Service 77

8.1 Battery Replacement Procedure 77
8.2 Fuse Replacement Procedure 79
8.3 Troubleshooting 80
8.4 Error Code Table 82
8.5 Service 83
8.6 Cleaning 83
i
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Introduction
Thank you for purchasing the HIOKI "3540 mΩ HiTESTER." To
obtain maximum performance from the product, please read this
manual first, and keep it handy for future reference.
Inspection
When you receive the product, inspect it carefully to ensure that
no damage occurred during shipping. In particular, check the
accessories, panel switches, and connectors. If damage is evident,
or if it fails to operate according to the specifications, contact your
dealer or Hioki representative.
Accessories
9287-10 CLIP TYPE LEAD 1
9451 TEMPERATURE PROBE 1
Instruction Manual 1
Four R6P manganese batteries 6
Spare fuse to protect the circuit
(F1.0 AH/250 V) 1
Ferrite Clamp
(for AC adapter and temperature probe) 2
External connector socket (Ver.-01 only) 1
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Inspection
ii
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Safety
WARNING
This product is designed to conform to IEC 61010
Safety Standards, and has been thoroughly tested for
safety prior to shipment. However, mishandling
during use could result in injury or death, as well as
damage to the product. Be certain that you
understand the instructions and precautions in the
manual before use. We disclaim any responsibility for
accidents or injuries not resulting directly from
product defects.
Safety symbols
This manual contains information and warnings essential for safe
operation of the product and for maintaining it in safe operating
condition. Before using the product, be sure to carefully read the
following safety notes.
･ The symbol printed on the product indicates that the

user should refer to a corresponding topic in the
manual (marked with the symbol) before using the
relevant function.
･ In the manual, the symbol indicates particularly
important information that the user should read before
Indicates DC (Direct Current).
Indicates the ON side of the power switch.
Indicates the OFF side of the power switch.
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Safety
iii
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The following symbols in this manual indicate the relative

importance of cautions and warnings.
Indicates that incorrect operation presents a

WARNING significant hazard that could result in serious injury or
death to the user.
CAUTION
Indicates that incorrect operation presents a
possibility of injury to the user or damage to the
product.
Advisory items related to performance or correct

NOTE
operation of the product.
Measurement categories (Overvoltage categories)
To ensure safe operation of measurement instruments, IEC 61010

establishes safety standards for various electrical environments,
categorized as CAT I to CAT IV, and called measurement
categories. These are defined as follows.
CAT I : Secondary electrical circuits connected to an AC
electrical outlet through a transformer or similar device.
CAT II: Primary electrical circuits in equipment connected to an
AC electrical outlet by a power cord (portable tools,
household appliances, etc.)
CAT III: Primary electrical circuits of heavy equipment (fixed
installations) connected directly to the distribution panel,
and feeders from the distribution panel to outlets.
CAT IV: The circuit from the service drop to the service entrance,
and to the power meter and primary overcurrent
protection device (distribution panel).
Higher-numbered categories correspond to electrical environments
with greater momentary energy. So a measurement device designed
for CAT III environments can endure greater momentary energy
than a device designed for CAT II.
Using a measurement instrument in an environment designated
with a higher-numbered category than that for which the
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Safety
iv
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instrument is rated could result in a severe accident, and must be

carefully avoided.
Never use a CAT I measuring product/ instrument in CAT II, III,
or IV environments.
The measurement categories comply with the Overvoltage
Categories of the IEC60664 Standards.
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Safety
v
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Precautions
Follow these precautions to ensure safe operation and to obtain the
full benefits of the various functions.
Use either the specified Hioki model 9445-02/03 AC

WARNING
ADAPTER (SA10-0910G, SINO-AMERICAN).
CAUTION ･ Never apply an external voltage to the SENSE and

SOURCE terminals of the instrument.
･ To properly suppress noise, this product must be set to
match the power supply frequency. Before using the
product, make sure the power supply frequency selector
is set correctly, to avoid erroneous readings.
(Refer to 4.2.1 Setting the Power Supply Frequency.)
･ Do not store or use the product where it could be
exposed to direct sunlight, high temperature or humidity,
or condensation. Under such conditions, the product
may be damaged and insulation may deteriorate so that
it no longer meets specifications.
･ To avoid damage to the product, protect it from
vibration or shock during transport and handling, and be
especially careful to avoid dropping.
･ The sensor used in the temperature probe is a thin,
precision platinum film.
Please note that excessive voltage pulses or static
discharges can destroy the film.
To avoid damage or malfunction, avoid hitting the tip of
the temperature probe and overly bending the leads.
When measuring high temperatures, do not let the
handle of the temperature probe or the compensation
lead wire exceed the temperature range.
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Precautions
vi
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NOTE The battery indicator appears when battery voltage becomes low.
Replace the batteries as soon as possible.
(Refer to "8.1 Battery Replacement Procedure.")
Be sure to turn the power switch OFF ( ) when not using the
instrument.
Warm up the instrument for at least 30 minutes prior to use, to
attain proper measurement accuracy.
This product should be installed and operated indoors only,
between 0 and 40 and 80 %RH or less.
A fuse is provided in the current source (SOURCE) to protect the
circuit. If the fuse burns out, measurements cannot be made.
Refer to "8.2 Fuse Replacement procedure" on how to check for a
burned-out fuse.
This instrument should not be used with relays or other devices
that handle small signals, since it may damage their contact
coating.
Do not measure points which have a voltage across them. The
main unit of the 3540 will be damaged by an induced voltage if a
measurement is made immediately after a temperature rise test or
dielectric test of a motor or transformer.
Accurate measurement may be difficult to obtain if the instrument
is used near equipment that generates noise.
Also, the indicator may sometimes fluctuate if the device-under-
test picks up noise. Therefore, do not use the instrument in
environments with excessive electrical noise.
The measurement indication may sometimes fluctuate due to
noise pick-up if the temperature probe is touched or held with
bare fingers.
Temperature correction is not possible when the temperature
probe is in contact with the surface of the device to be measured.
Note that the temperature probe is only designed to measure
ambient air temperature.
Significant measurement error will result if the device to be
temperature corrected and the temperature probe are not at the
same ambient air temperature.
Large measurement error will result if the temperature probe is
not inserted fully into the tc sensor jack.
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Precautions
vii
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Make sure the power is turned off before connecting or

disconnecting the AC adapter.
The AC adapter may pick up noise which will affect the
measurement. In such a case, operate the instrument from battery
power.
Measurement range , comparator settings and all settings of the
3540 (except for the measured value) are backed up internally,
but this backup occurs only after a certain amount of time has
elapsed without any operation. Therefore, after changing the
settings, wait a few moments (about 5 seconds) before turning off
the power.
Because the 3540 uses direct current to make measurements,
thermoelectromotive effects can result in measurement errors.
Refer to "1.3 Effects of Thermoelectromotive Force" for details.
When the one that includes the L component such as the
transformer for the power supply a lot is measured a measured
value may not stabilize.
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Precautions
viii
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Precautions
1
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Chapter 1
Outline
The 3540 mΩ HiTESTER is an four-terminal method tester

designed to accurately measure the coil resistance in motors and
transformers, the contact resistance of relays, switches and
connectors, and the trace resistance on printed circuit boards.
In addition, a temperature correction function, comparator function
and data output function are provided, making the 3540 mΩ
HiTESTER ideal for use in production and inspection lines and
systems.
1.1 Four-terminal Method

To obtain accurate results when measuring resistance values that
are very small, the Four-terminal method must be used. As shown
in figure 1, in the Two-terminal method, the resistance of the test
leads adds to the resistance of the device being measured, resulting
in an erroneous measurement. However, in the Four-terminal
method shown in the Figure 2, the input consists of two current
terminals to which a constant current is supplied, and two voltage
terminals measured the voltage drop. The voltmeter has a high
input impedance so that essentially no current flows through the
leads connected between the device-under-test and the voltage
terminals. As a result, there is almost no voltage drop across the
resistances r3 and r4. Thus the voltage drop due to the lead
resistances and contact resistances is very small, and these can be
canceled out.
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2
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Ohmmeter Ohmmeter
Constant current Constant current
source source
Voltmeter Voltmeter
I I
E E
r2 r4 r3 r1
r2 r1 E0
Resistance R0 Resistance R0
The current I flows to the measured All of the current I flows to the
resistance R0 and the wiring measured resistance R0.
resistance r1 and r2. Therefore, the voltage drop of r3 and
Therefore, the measuring voltage E r4 become 0, and voltage E and the
can be obtained by E = I (r1 + R0+ r2), voltage drop E0 of each end of the
and it would include the wiring measured resistance R0 become
resistance r1 and r2. equal. Accordingly, the resistance
measurement without influence of r1
to r4 becomes possible.
Figure 1 Figure 2
Measurement Using the 2-terminal Measurement Using the 4-terminal
Method Method
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3
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1.2 Temperature Correction Function

The temperature sensor used in the 3540's temperature probe is a
thin platinum film whose resistance changes according to
temperature. The resistance of the film is detected and converted to
a temperature value by the CPU.
This section explains use of the 3540's temperature coefficient
correction function.
Since the resistance of copper wire is relatively susceptible to
changes in temperature, that fact must be kept in mind when
measuring its resistance. Using the temperature probe, the
resistance value of copper wire can easily be converted to its 20
equivalent for display.
In general, the relationship between the resistance of copper wire
and temperature is as indicated by the following expression.
Rt = Rt0x {1 + α t0 x (t - t0)} (1)
Here, α t0 is referred to as the temperature coefficient, which is
expressed as follows.
α t0 = 1 / [{1 / (0.00393 x α } + (t0 - 20)] (2)
Here, σ is the conductivity of copper wire. From expressions (1)
and (2), the temperature coefficients of various types of wire with
various conductivities can be calculated, and their resistance values
at a particular temperature obtained. Table 1 shows the
conductivity of various types of copper wire.
Tin-plated
Diameter (mm) Soft copper Hard copper
soft copper
0.10 to 0.26 0.98 0.93 ---
0.26 to 0.50 0.993 0.94 0.96
0.50 to 2.00 1.00 0.96 0.96
2.00 to 8.00 1.00 0.97 0.97
Table 1 Conductivityσ
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4
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For 3540 temperature correction, conductivity σ is calculated as

1. Accordingly, when the resistance value R20 that is displayed at
the time of temperature correction is taken as Rt, the measured
resistance at the current ambient temperature is expressed by the
following expression. (Temperature coefficient: α 20 = 3930 ppm,
ppm = x 10-6)
R20 = Rt / {1 + α 20 x (t - 20)} (3)
Error occurs during temperature correction because the temperature
coefficient calculated according to expression (2) differs when the
conductivity σ is other than 1.
For example, when the tin-plated soft copper wire (diameter 0.10
to 0.26) of Table 1 is measured, σ = 0.93 gives α t0 of 3650 ppm,
so that the 3540 temperature value contains error.
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5
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1.3 Effects of Thermoelectromotive Force

Thermoelectromotive force is the potential difference at the
junction of two dissimilar metals. If this emf is large, measurement
errors can result. As the 3540 uses constant direct current flowing
through the object being measured, readings can be affected by
even slight thermoelectromotive force.
Furthermore, the quantity of thermoelectromotive force is
dependent upon the temperature of the measurement environment,
with the force generally being greater at higher temperature.
Thermoelectromotive force occurs at the junction of dissimilar
metals and between the probes of the 3540 and the contacts on the
object being measured. The following figure illustrates
thermoelectromotive force. The battery symbols represent a
junction of dissimilar metals, and the probe symbols represent the
thermoelectromotive force.
Metal A Thermoelectromotive force Metal:B
3540
As an example of the error effects of thermoelectromotive force, if

the force is 10 µV and the measured resistance is 3 Ω, the current
is 1 mA in the 3 Ω range, so the measured value displayed on the
3540 is actually
(3 Ω x 1 mA + 10 µV) / 1 mA = 3.010 Ω. In this situation,
changing the probe direction to HI-LO leaves the polarity of the
thermoelectromotive force unaffected, so the measured value is
now (3 Ω x 1 mA - 10 µV) / 1 mA = 2.990 Ω.
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6
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If the measurement error is large due to the effect of

thermoelectromotive force, the following countermeasures can be
employed.
(1) Reverse the probes and use the average measured value.
(2) As the thermoelectromotive force is temperature dependent,
maintain a constant temperature in the measurement environment.
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7
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Chapter 2
Name and Functions
2.1 Front Panel

Handle LCD Comparator display Input terminal
3. keys 7.TC key(8.TEMP key)
4.AUTO key 5.HOLD key (6.0ADJ key)
15.HI/REF key 13.COMP key 9.LOCK key

(UNLOCK key)
14.TABLE key 17.Buzzer key 12.SHIFT key
1.Power switch 16.Comparator configuration keys 10. SAMPL key (11. 50/60Hz key)
10.FAST mark 5.HOLD mark 9.LOCK mark 12. SHIFT mark
4.AUTO mark 2.Measurement display area 7.TC mark 18.Battery

mark
14. Table No display 15. Comparator mode display 17. Buzzer mode display
13. Comparator display 16. Comparator configuration display
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2.1 Front Panel
8
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1. POWER switch
On power-up, the LCD and LED's light and the instrument
performs an internal check and initialization of internal analog
circuits. An error code is displayed if an internal error is detected
during the check. (Refer to "8.4 Error Code Table".)
Upon completion of the internal check, the LCD displays the
instruments power supply frequency setting and the 3540 version
number.
2. Measurement display area

Displays the measurement count, decimal point, unit of
measurement, and the measurement range.
3. keys Page 26
The (up) and (down) keys are used to select the
resistance measurement range.
4. AUTO key, AUTO mark Page 26
Pressing the AUTO key turns on automatic range selection,
lighting the AUTO mark on the LCD. The measurement range for
resistance is then automatically selected according to the resistance
of the resistor being measured.
5. HOLD key, HOLD mark Page 28
Pressing the HOLD key turns on the hold mode, lighting the
HOLD mark on the LCD and fixing the currently displayed
measurement value.
6. 0ADJ key Page 27
To zero-adjust the instrument, short the test leads and press
SHIFT + 0ADJ . (Zero adjustment is only possible with a
reading of 100 counts or less.)
7. TC key, TC mark Page 35
When the temperature probe is connected, pressing the TC key
converts the measured resistance value of copper wire to its 20
equivalent resistance value and displays it.
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2.1 Front Panel
9
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8. TEMP key Page 36

Pressing SHIFT + TEMP with the temperature probe connected
selects the temperature measurement mode. Pressing SHIFT +
TEMP a second time returns measurement to the resistance
mode.
9. LOCK / UNLOCK key, LOCK mark
Pressing the LOCK key lights the LOCK mark on the LCD and
locks out key input. With key input locked, all of the keys on the
instrument are disabled except for the POWER switch and the
SHIFT key. To unlock the keys, press SHIFT + UNLOCK .
10. SAMPL key, FAST mark Page 28
Sampling speed is switched using the SAMPL key. With fast
sampling, FAST is displayed on the LCD and sampling takes place
at the rate 16 samples per second. When slow sampling is selected,
sampling takes place at the rate of 4 samples per second.
11. 50/60Hz key Page 25
Power supply frequency is selected by pressing SHIFT +
50/60Hz . Select the frequency that matches that of your power
supply.
12. SHIFT key, SHIFT mark
Pressing the SHIFT key lights the SHIFT mark on the LCD and
puts the keys in the shift mode. In the shift mode, pressing any
key activates the function whose name is printed in blue below
that key. To cancel the shift mode, press the SHIFT key a second
time.
13. COMP key, comparator display Page 31
Pressing the COMP key turns on the comparator, lighting the
comparator display on the LCD and enabling comparison
measurement. To end comparison measurement, press the COMP
key a second time.
14. TABLE key, Table No. display Page 31
Pressing the TABLE key switches the internal comparator table
number. With the 3540, up to seven different comparator
configurations can be saved.
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2.1 Front Panel
10
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15. HI/REF key, comparator mode display Page 31

The comparator mode is selected with the HI/REF key. When the
HIGH or LOW mark is lit on the LCD, the comparator is in the
Hi-Lo mode. When the REF or % mark is lit, it is in the REF-%
mode.
16. Comparator configuration keys, comparator configuration
display Page 33
Upper (HIGH) and lower (LOW) comparator limits and the
comparator reference value (REF) and range (%) can be set by
pressing keys corresponding to the various digits of the comparator
configuration display on the LCD
17. Buzzer key and buzzer mode display Page 32
Pressing the buzzer key switches the buzzer mode that is set
dependent upon comparator results. When the buzzer mark is
lit on the LCD, the buzzer is in the HL mode, and sounds when
the comparator result is HIGH or LOW. When the buzzer
mark is lit on the LCD, the buzzer is in the IN mode, and sounds
when the comparator result is IN. When no buzzer mark is lit on
the LCD, the buzzer is in the OFF mode, and does not sound.
18. Battery mark Page 77
The battery indicator appears when battery voltage becomes low.
Replace the batteries as soon as possible.
(Refer to "8.1 Battery Replacement Procedure".)
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2.1 Front Panel
11
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2.2 Rear Panel
2.2.1 3540
TC sensor jack (Page 36) 2. AC adapter jack
2.2.2 3540-01
External connector (Page 40) External terminal (Page 39)
1. AUTO/MANU selection switch
2.2.3 3540-02
Printer connector (Page 73) External terminal (Page 39)
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2.2 Rear Panel
12
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2.2.4 3540-03
RS-232C connector (Page 54) External terminal (Page 39)
1. AUTO/MANU selection switch Page 34

Selects the AUTO mode, for continuous comparator output
operation("normal" mode), or the MANU mode for comparator
output only when the MANU and GND terminals of the external
connector on the rear panel are shorted.
2. AC adapter jack
The 3540 can be operated from an AC power source by connecting
an AC adapter.
When using an AC adapter, use only the specified HIOKI model
9445-02, 9445-03 AC ADAPTER (SA10-0910G, SINO-
AMERICAN).
An AC adapter rated at 9 VDC and 1.4 A to the AC adapter
socket. The polarity of socket is center-plus.
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2.2 Rear Panel
13
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2.3 Top Case
Battery cover (Page 78)
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2.3 Top Case
14
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2.3 Top Case
15
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Chapter 3
Specifications
3.1 General Specifications

Measurement method Four-terminal method
Operating method Dual integrator circuit
Display LCD display
Resistance measurement 3500 counts
Temperature measurement 999 counts
Auto range Provided (disabled when comparator is on)
Input overflow "OF" display
Current abnormality "----" displayed (CCERR: external output*2)
Sampling speed Resistance measurement
"SLOW" 4 samples/sec
"FAST" 16 samples/sec
Temperature sampling 1 sample/sec
Response time*1 Resistance measurement
"SLOW" 300 msec
"FAST" 80 msec
Comparator Table storage of up to 7 configurations (table
externally selectable*3)
Comparator results displayed by LED and
externally output (open collector*2)
Comparator modes (Hi-Lo/REF-%), Buzzer mode
(HL/IN/OFF)
Temperature correction Reference temperature 20oC (68 ), copper wire
function (temperature coefficient: 3930 ppm)
External control*2 TTL output
BCD
Open collector output
EOC, Hi, IN, Lo, CCERR
TTL input
TRIG, MANU, 0 ADJ, PRINT*4, range control*3,
comparator control*3
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Interface RS-232C interface*5

Printer Centronics interface*4
Power supply frequency 50/60 Hz, switchable
Overvoltage protection 30 VDC or ACpeak (circuit protection by fuse)
Operating 0 to 40 oC (32 to 104 ), 80 %RH or less
temperature/humidity (No condensing)
Storage temperature/humidity -10 to 50 oC (14 to 122 ), 80 %RH or less
(No condensing)
Operating Environment Indoor < 2000 m ASL (6566 feet)
Power source Six LR6 alkaline batteries or six R6P manganese
Batteries
Rated supply voltage 1.5 VDC x 6
AC adapter (option) 9445-02 AC ADAPTER (SA10-0910N,
SINO-AMERICAN)
9445-03 AC ADAPTER (SA10-0910G,
SINO-AMERICAN)
Rated supply voltage of the AC adapter is 100 to
240 VAC. (Voltage fluctuations of 10% from the
rated supply voltage are taken into account.)
Rated supply frequency is 50/60 Hz.
Maximum rated power 5 VA
Continuous operating time LR6 Alkaline Batteries
Approx.7 hours
(30 m, 300 mΩ range, LED and buzzer: ON)
Approx.18 hours
(other ranges, LED and buzzer: ON)
R6P manganese Batteries
Approx.1.5 hours
(30 m, 300 mΩ range, LED and buzzer: ON)
Approx.6 hours
(other ranges, LED and buzzer: ON)
Dimensions Approx. 215W x 61H x 213D mm
(8.46"W x 2.40"H x 8.39"D)
Mass 3540
Approx. 900 g (31.7 oz.)
3540-01, 3540-02, 3540-03
Approx. 1,000 g (35.3 oz.)
(Except for batteries)
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17
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Accessories 9287-10 CLIP TYPE LEAD,

9451 TEMPERATURE PROBE,
Instruction Manual,
Six R6P manganese batteries,
Spare fuse to protect the circuit (F1.0 AH/250 V),
Ferrite Clamp (for AC adapter and temperature
probe),
External connector socket*3
Options 9445-02 AC ADAPTER
(SA10-0910N, SINO-AMERICAN)
9445-03 AC ADAPTER
(SA10-0910G, SINO-AMERICAN)
9452 CLIP TYPE LEAD,
9453 FOUR TERMINAL LEAD,
9455 PIN TYPE LEAD,
9460 CLIP TYPE LEAD WITH TEMPERATURE
SENSOR,
9461 PIN TYPE LEAD,
9467 LARGE CLIP TYPE LEAD,
9203 DIGITAL PRINTER,
9425 CONNECTION CABLE,
9233 RECORDING PAPER
Applicable standards Safety:
EN61010-1:2001
Pollution Degree 2,
EMC:
EN61326:1997+A1:1998+A2:2001+A3:2003
EN61000-3-2:2000
EN61000-3-3:1995+A1:2001
Effect of radiated radio-frequency
electromagnetic field at 3 V/m 30 dgt max.
*1: Response time varies according to item being measured. Times

indicated are for measurement of a reference resistance.
*2: 3540-01, 3540-02, 3540-03 only.
*3: 3540-01 only.
*4: 3540-02 only.
*5: 3540-03 only.
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3.2 Measurement Range
Measurement condition 23 5 (73 9 ), 80 %RH or less

(No condensing) After zero adjustment
Pre-heating period 30 minutes
Effect of radiated radio- At 3 V/m 30 dgt max.
frequency electromagnetic field
Resistance measurement (with sampling rate set to SLOW)
Range 30 mΩ 300 mΩ 3Ω 30 Ω 300 Ω 3 kΩ 30 kΩ

Resolution 10 µΩ 100 µΩ 1 mΩ 10 mΩ 100 mΩ 1Ω 10 Ω
Measurement
100 mA 1 mA 10 µA
current
Max. test
3.5 mV 35 mV 3.5 mV 35 mV 350 mV 35 mV 350 mV
voltage
Accuracy 0.1% rdg. 0.1% rdg. 0.1% rdg.
6 dgt. 4 dgt. 6 dgt.
0.1 %rdg. 4 dgt.
6month
Accuracy 0.15% rdg. 0.15% rdg. 0.15% rdg.
6 dgt. 4 dgt. 6 dgt.
0.15 %rdg. 4 dgt.
1year
Temperature
0.02% rdg. 0.5 dgt./oC ( )
coefficient
Open-terminal
4.0 Vmax.
voltage
* If the sampling rate is set to FAST, add 3 dgt. to the digit accuracy error.
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19
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Temperature measurement and temperature correction
6month
Temperature correction accuracy
Temperature (Add the following values to the
Temperature range
measurement accuracy accuracy specifications of the
resistance measurement)
-10.0 to 39.9 oC
0.3 %rdg. 0.5 oC 0.3 %
(14.0 to 103.9 )
40.0 to 99.9 oC
0.3 %rdg. 1.0 oC 0.6 %
(104.0 to 211.9 )
1year
Temperature correction accuracy
Temperature (Add the following values to the
Temperature range
measurement accuracy accuracy specifications of the
resistance measurement)
-10.0 to 39.9 oC
0.45 %rdg. 0.8 oC 0.4 %
(14.0 to 103.9 )
40.0 to 99.9 oC
0.45 %rdg. 1.5 oC 0.8 %
(104.0 to 211.9 )
* For 3540 only, accuracy is 0.2 when connected to a manufacturer-recommended
temperature sensor (Pt). The temperature-measurement accuracy and temperature-
correction accuracy above are those of 3540 combined with the results of the 9541
TEMPERATURE PROBE.
We define measurement tolerances in terms of rdg. (reading) and

dgt. (digit) values, with the following meanings:
rdg. (reading or displayed value)
The value currently being measured and indicated on the
measuring product/ instrument.
dgt. (resolution)
The smallest displayable unit on a digital measuring product/
instrument, i.e., the input value that causes the digital display to
show a "1" as the least-significant digit.
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20
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21
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Chapter 4
Operating Procedure
4.1 Preparing Measurement
The 3540 works on battery power or with an 9445-02, 9445-03

AC ADAPTER (SA10-0910G, SINO-AMERICAN).
When using the AC adapter, fit the provided ferrite clamp over the
adapter cable as shown in the figure.
Refer to the section on battery replacement when installing

batteries into the battery compartment while.
(Refer to "8.1 Battery Replacement Procedure".)
When connecting the AC adapter, first make sure the POWER
switch is OFF, then insert the jack of AC adapter socket, connect
the AC adapter body to the AC power source, and finally turn ON
the POWER switch.
Since power consumption is high in the case of 3540-01, 3540-02

NOTE
and 3540-03, batteries will be exhausted quickly.
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22
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4.1.1 Measurement Leads

Connect the leads as shown in the following figure :
The side with "v" mark is SENSE.
Red Red
SENSE
SENSE
SOURCE
SOURCE
SENSE SENSE
SOURCE
SOURCE
Black
Black
When clipping a thin line When clipping a thick line

(Clip the line at the tip, (Clip the line at the deep,
serrated part of the jaws.) non-serrated part of the jaws.)
The cable part of the lead is shielded.

For user-made leads, take the following precautions when the leads :
(1) A shield must be applied. (Refer to the follow figure.)
(2) The cable length must be 5 m or less (The resistance of the
wire material should be 100 mΩ/m or less.)
Shield
SENSE (V) SENSE X
Red Red
SOURCE SOURCE
SENSE (V) SENSE X

Black Black
SOURCE SOURCE
Total Shield
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23
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4.1.2 About the Temperature Probe

When using the 9451
TEMPERATURE PROBE, loop
the probe cable once around the
provided ferrite clamp and fasten it
as shown in the figure.
4.1.3 Instrument Handle
When using the handle as a stand for the device, do not

CAUTION
press down too hard on the device as this can damage
the handle.
The handle can be used as a stand. Pull both ends of the handle
outward to release it and rotate it to the desired position. Then,
push the handle inward to lock it in place. The handle can be
locked at interval of 22.5 degrees.
Rotate pitch : 22.5 degrees
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24
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4.2 Resistance Measurement

(1) Plug the leads into the input terminals.
Make the connection by mating the red marks on the leads.
Make the connection by mating the black marks on the unit
and the leads. (See the Figure below.)
(2) Select the range.

(3) Zero adjust (0 ADJ) the instrument referring to subsection 4.2.3.
(4) Connect the lead clips to the device to be measured, and read the
measurement value.
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25
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4.2.1 Setting the Power Supply Frequency
To properly suppress noise, this product must be set to

CAUTION
match the power supply frequency. Before using the
product, make sure the power supply frequency selector
is set correctly, to avoid erroneous readings.
First press the SHIFT key, then press 50/60Hz . After a

moment, the selected power supply frequency appears on the LCD
as shown in the example below.
The power supply setting also appears for a moment after the 3540
is powered up, allowing you to verify the current setting.
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26
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4.2.2 Changing the Measurement Range

Manual range
The measurement range is changed by pressing the or
key.
Pressing the key cycles the range selection through the
sequence from 30 mΩ, to 300 mΩ, and so forth up to 30 kΩ.
Pressing the key cycles the range selection through the
sequence from 30 kΩ, to 3 kΩ, and so forth down to 30 mΩ.
Auto range
Pressing the AUTO key toggles auto range selection on or off.
When auto range selection is on, the AUTO mark lights on the
LCD as shown below and the measurement range is selected
automatically as appropriate for the value of the resistance being
measured.
Auto range selection can be turned off by pressing the or
keys.
Manual range selection Auto range selection
With the 3540-01, the measurement range can be selected by

NOTE
range control signal through the external connector on the rear
panel. However, when the measurement range is selected by range
control signal, the setting cannot be changed from the front panel.
Auto range selection is not possible during comparator operation.
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27
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4.2.3 Zero Adjust Function

Zero adjustment is performed by shorting the test leads, then
pressing first the SHIFT key, then the 0ADJ . (Zero adjustment
is only possible with a reading of 100 counts or less.)
Connect the test leads as shown below. The connection must be
made exactly as shown; otherwise, altered lead resistance will
make it impossible to obtain correct measurement.
With the 3540-01, 3540-02 and 3540-03, zero adjustment can also
be performed by shorting the 0 ADJ and GND terminals on the
rear panel terminal strip.
SENSE
SENSE SENSE SOURCE
SOURCE SOURCE SENSE

SOURCE
Red Black Red Black
Right connection Wrong connection

Bring the "v" marks together at the same position.
NOTE If leads other than the specified ones are used, connect as shown
in the following figure.
SENSE : H SENSE : L SOURCE : H SOURCE : L
connection connection
NOTE The following is displayed on the LCD during 0 ADJ.
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28
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NOTE The zero adjust value is maintained internally even when the
power is turned off. However, note that zero adjustment must be
performed for each measurement range to be used.
4.2.4 Switching the Sampling Speed

Pressing the SAMPL key toggles the sampling speed between
two settings, FAST and SLOW.
FAST setting
16 samples/sec FAST mark lights on LCD
SLOW setting
4 samples/sec FAST mark does not light on LCD
FAST setting SLOW setting
4.2.5 Hold Function

Pressing the HOLD key lights the HOLD mark on the LCD and
holds the current measurement value of the display.
With the 3540-01, 3540-02 and 3540-03, shorting the TRIG and
GND terminals on the rear panel terminal strip with display in the
hold state results in taking of one measurement, after which
display returns to the hold state.
Normal (free-running) measurement resumes when the hold state is
canceled.
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29
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4.2.6 Overload Indicator

If the input overloads, the following mark is displayed on the
LCD.
4.2.7 Current Abnormality (CCERR) Detection

Function
If any abnormality is detected in the regularity of current in the
power supply, the current abnormality detection circuit operates
and the symbols indicating CCERR, as shown below, is displayed
on the LCD to advise of current abnormality.
With the 3540-01, 3540-02 and 3540-03, the CCERR signal is
output from the CCERR terminal on the rear panel. (Refer to
"Chapter 5 External Control Features".)
Conditions when current abnormality display

(1) When the resistance being measured is large with respect to the
range
Example: When a 30 Ω resistance is measured in the 30 mΩ
range.
(2) When the test leads are shorted (and only SOURCE is
detected)
(3) When any of the four terminals on the front panel is not
properly connected
(4) When there is an open lead condition
(5) When the fuse is burned out
(Refer to "8.2 Fuse Replacement Procedure".)
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30
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4.3 Comparator Function

The 3540 allows storing of up to 7 comparator configuration
tables. Each table can hold the comparator configuration for
measurement range, comparator mode, buzzer and mode.
The results of comparison are indicated by buzzer, as well as by
lighting of the Hi, IN, and Lo LEDs. With the 3540-01 and 3540-
02, results can also be output through the terminal strip on the rear
panel by open collector.
Refer to "5.4.2 Outputting Measurement Results" regarding
comparator output to the external terminal strip.
NOTE Auto range selection is canceled if used together with the

comparator.
Since the measurement range is also saved with the comparator
table, switching the comparator table also switches the
measurement range.
If the measurement range is switched during comparator
operation, the measurement range information in the
corresponding comparator table is also changed.
With the 3540-01, the comparator table can be controlled with the
comparator control signal through the external connector on the
rear panel.
However, when the comparator table is selected by the comparator
control signal, the selection cannot be changed with the keys on
the front panel.
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31
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4.3.1 Using the Comparator

Pressing the COMP key lights the comparator display on the
LCD and starts the comparator function, allowing you to make
comparative measurements
Pressing the COMP key a second time turns off the comparator.
4.3.2 Selecting the Comparator Table
The 3540 allows saving up to 7 tables of comparator

configurations. The comparator configuration is switched by
pressing the TABLE key to cycle through the comparator table
numbers in the sequence from 1 through 7, then to 1 again.
4.3.3 Selecting the Comparator Mode

Pressing the HI/REF key switches the comparator mode of the
currently selected comparator table.
Comparator modes that can be selected are the Hi-Lo mode, in
which comparison is done using upper (HIGH) and lower (LOW)
limits, and the REF-% mode, in which comparison is based on a
reference value (REF) or range (%). With operation in the REF-%
mode, the measured value is displayed as a deviation (as a
percentage of reference value).
The Hi-Lo mode The REF-% mode
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32
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4.3.4 Selecting the Buzzer Mode

Pressing the buzzer key switches the buzzer mode of the currently
displayed comparator table.
Available buzzer modes are the HL mode, in which the buzzer
sounds when comparison results are "Hi" or "Lo"; the IN mode, in
which the buzzer sounds when the comparison result is "IN"; and
the OFF mode, in which the buzzer never sounds.
The HL mode
The IN mode
The OFF mode
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33
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4.3.5 Configuring the Comparison Values

With the Hi-Lo comparator
The upper (HIGH) and lower (LOW) limit values are set using the
comparator configuration keys. The configuration range in counts
is from 0 to 9999. (A count is the number resulting after any
decimal point and unit are eliminated from a numeric value
With the REF-% comparator

The reference value (REF) and range (%) are set using the
comparator configuration keys. The configuration range in counts
is 0 to 9999 counts for the reference value (REF), and from 0.0%
to 999.9% for the range (%).
For the REF-% comparator, the following upper and lower limits
are used for comparison.
Upper limit = REF + (REF x % / 100)
Lower limit = REF - (REF x % / 100)
The standard for comparator evaluation is as shown below.

Range of measured values Comparator result
Upper limit < Measured value Hi
Lower limit ≦ Measured value ≦ Upper limit IN
Measured value < Lower limit Lo
LED display for the various comparator results is as follows.
Hi IN Lo
NOTE If the value set for the lower limit is greater than that set for the
upper limit, the 3540 reverses the values for comparison, taking
the lower limit as the upper limit and vice versa.
If the input limit is exceeded, the comparator result is Hi.
No comparator result is produced if there is a current abnormality.
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34
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4.3.6 Outputting Comparator Results

Comparator results can be output using either of two modes: the
auto mode or the manual mode.
With the 3540-01, 3540-02 and 3540-03, the external control
mode can be selected using the AUTO/MANU selector switch on
the rear panel.
With the 3540, output always uses the auto mode.
Auto mode (AUTO)
During comparator operation, comparator results are output
continuously through the LED, buzzer, and (with the 3540-01,
3540-02 and 3540-03) the comparator result signal terminals (Hi,
IN, Lo) on the rear panel.
Manual mode (MANU)
In the manual mode, comparator output to an external source is
canceled. Comparison results for any desired period can be
obtained by shorting the MANU and GND terminals on the rear
panel terminal strip. Output is canceled when the short is broken.
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35
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4.4 Temperature Correction Function (TC)

This function uses the principle of temperature correction (refer to
"1.2 Temperature Correction Function") to convert the resistance
of copper wire to its 20 equivalent resistance.
Connect the 9451 TEMPERATURE PROBE to the TC sensor jack
on the rear panel. For connection procedures, refer to "4.5
Temperature Measurement".
When the 9451 TEMPERATURE PROBE is connected, pressing
the TC key lights the TC mark on the LCD and performs
temperature correction (display as shown below).
If the temperature probe is not connected or is connected

incorrectly, when the TC key is pressed, and an error message is
displayed instead. If temperature correction is not performed as
expected, check connection of the temperature probe.
For error messages, refer to "8.4 Error Code Table".
The temperature probe is not designed to sense surface

NOTE
temperature. It should only be used to sense ambient air
temperature.
Note also that unless both the sample and the probe have
completely adjusted to the ambient air temperature, the reading
error will be large.
Prior to use, the temperature probe should be connected to the
3540, and both should be allowed to warm up at least 30 minutes.
The temperature probe should be connected or disconnected with
the power of the unit OFF.
Note also that the temperature probe is not watertight. Therefore,
do not allow the instrument to get wet or be immersed in water or
any other fluid.
Large measurement error will result if the temperature probe is not
inserted fully into the tc sensor jack.
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4.4 Temperature Correction Function (TC)
36
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4.5 Temperature Measurement

Turn the power off. And connect the TC adapter as a following
this Figure.
Temperature probe
TC sensor jack
Plug into the TC sensor jack on the panel
After turning on the power and pressing SHIFT followed by

TEMP , ambient temperature is sensed by the temperature probe
and displayed as follows.
If the temperature probe is not connected or is connected

incorrectly, temperature measurement is not performed when the
TEMP key is pressed, and an " o
C " is displayed instead.
If temperature correction is not performed as expected, check
connection of the temperature probe.
For error messages, refer to "8.4 Error Code Table".
After completing the temperature measurement, to proceed to the
resistance measurement, press the SHIFT key followed by
TEMP key.
NOTE Accurate temperature measurement are not possible if the sheath

of the temperature probe is held with bare fingers.
The temperature probe should be connected or disconnected with
the power of the unit OFF.
Note also that the temperature probe is not watertight. Therefore,
do not allow the instrument to get wet or be immersed in water or
any other fluid.
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4.5 Temperature Measurement
37
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Chapter 5
External Control
Features
This chapter explains external control features of the 3540-01,

3540-02 and3540-03.
The rear panel of the 3540-01 is equipped with external connectors
(for BCD output, range and comparator control, etc.), and an
external terminal strip (for trigger input, comparator output, and so
forth). The 3540-02 and 3540-03 also has an external terminal
strip for functions such as trigger input and comparator output.
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38
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5.1 Connectors
The 3540-01, 3540-02 and 3540-03 are equipped with external
connectors and/or terminals. Signals assigned to these terminals
can be used to control operation of the 3540 or determine its
status.
Functions of the various terminals and procedures for using the
corresponding signals are described below.
WARNING
Always observe the following precautions when
connecting to an external terminal or external
connectors. Failure to do so may result in electric
shock or damage to the equipment.
Always turn off the power to the unit and to any
connected device before making connections.
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5.1 Connectors
39
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5.1.1 The External Terminal

The External Terminal (3540-01 and 3540-03)
INPUT OUTPUT
The External Terminal (3540-02)
INPUT OUTPUT
Signals Input and output Signals Input and output

GND Ground Hi
5V Power supply IN
Open collector
TRIG Lo
output
MANU EOC
TTL input
0ADJ CCERR
PRINT*
* 3540-02 only
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5.1 Connectors
40
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5.1.2 The External Connectors

Using connector: DCLC-J37SAF-13L9 (made by Japan aviation
electron) 37 pins receptacle
Adaptive pin: FDCD-37P (made by HIROSE) 37 pins plug
* A plug with FDCD-37P type compatible pins is provided with
the 3540-01. For details on the compatible pins and use of the
plug, refer to "5.2.2 External Connectors".
19 1
37 20
Input Input
Pin Pin
and Signals Signals and
number number
output output
1 BCD(103 digit)-bit 3
BCD(101 digit)-bit 1 20
BCD(100 digit)-bit 2 TTL 23
TTL BCD(100 digit)-bit 1 output 24
6 output BCD(102 digit)-bit 2
CCERR 26
EOC 27
GND Ground 28
NC NC 29
11 DP 1
DP 0 TTL 30
12 RANGE 0
TTL DP 2 output 31
13 RANGE 1
input COMP 0 32
14 RANGE 2 TTL
COMP 1 33
15 input
COMP 2 34
16
power 35
17 5V
source GND Ground 36
18
37
19
NC: not connected
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5.1 Connectors
41
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5.2 Connections to Terminals
5.2.1 The External Terminal

(1) Use suitable wires bared at their ends for a length of about 10 mm.
(2) As shown in Figure, depress the knob on the terminal with a
screwdriver, and push the end of the wire into the connection hole.
(3) Release the screwdriver, and the wires will be locked into place.
(4) Use the same procedure to remove the wires
Recommended wire
Single strand: 1.0 mm dia. (AWG #18)
Multi strand: 0.75 mm2
Usable limits
Single strand: 0.4 to 1.0 mm dia.
(AWG #26 to #18)
Multi strand: 0.3 to 0.75 mm2
(AWG #22 to #20)
Strand diameter: minimum 0.18 mm
Standard insulation stripping length: 10 mm
Button pressing tool: Blade screwdriver (tip width 2.6 mm)
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42
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5.2.2 External Connectors

(1) Make connections to the compatible pins as appropriate for the pin
assignments of the external connector.
(2) Plug the connector wired in (1) firmly into the external connector.
(3) Fasten the plug to the external connector with screws (M2.6).
About the accessory plug

The connector plug (FDCD-37P) provided with the 3540-01 is
equipped with a flat cable pressure connector. Use the following
flat ribbon cable with this connector.
Cable pitch: 1.27 mm or 1.38 mm
Core wire: AWG#26 to #28 (stranded or single core)
Insulation thickness: 0.8 mm to 1 mm
NOTE A special tool is required in order to make flat cable pressure

connections.
Consult the connector maker for the tool and how to make
connections.
A wide variety of other connectors are available from various
manufacturers which can be used in place of the connector
provided. These include solder connection type connectors,
pressure fitted connectors, and connectors with various types of
covers.
See the various manufacturers' catalogs for connectors that can be
used in place of the one provided.
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43
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5.3 Electrical Specification
5.3.1 Power Supply Rating
5V Power supply (GND + Approx. 5 V)

Approx. 200 mA max.
GND Ground (0 V)
NOTE The maximum capacity of this power supply is about 200 mA.
In situations requiring more power, use an external power supply.
If transitory current is required, insert an electrolytic capacitor
between 5 V and GND.
Since GND is insulated from the measurement circuit, do not
connect the measurement system to GND.
The voltage (5 V) varies a maximum of approximately 20%
according to the size of the load current on the power supply.
(Approximately 4 V to approximately 6 V) For example, the
power supply voltage will fall below 5 V if the load current
increases.
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44
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5.3.2 Input/output Ratings

The ratings given here are absolute maximums. This
WARNING means that exceeding these values, even momentarily,
may result in damage to the circuits. Always ensure
that applied voltage and current are below the rated
values.
However, with TTL output, never apply polarized
voltage or current.
Absolute maximum Signal logic

Input/output type
rating Valid Invalid
TTL input 0V 5V
5 V, 20 mA max.
TTL output 5V 0V
Open collector output 35 V, 50 mA max. ON OFF
NOTE Signal logic refers to the signal state in which the function
indicated by the signal is becomes valid.
With open collector signals, the output transistor acts as a switch
between the output signal and GND inside the 3540. When output
is "valid", the switch goes ON and current flows inside the 3540
from the output signal to GND.
Accordingly, this type of output can be used to control connected
LEDs or contact relays, provided that such devices operate on less
than 35 V, 50 mA. However, if a relay is connected, be sure to
insert a diode to absorb counter electromotive force.
Multiple open collector outputs can be connected together for use.
This produces a wired OR configuration in which a "valid" signal
any one on the connected outputs will produce a "valid" result.
For example, if a "valid" result is desired from the Hi and Lo
comparator results, connect the Hi and Lo open collector outputs.
35 V max.
Output OR output
5V Limiting Diode
resistor
LED Output
Output Output Relay
50 mA max.
GND
LED connection Relay connection Wired OR
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45
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5.3.3 Internal Circuit

5V 5V
5V 5V
4.7 KΩ 4.7 KΩ
H-CMOS H-CMOS
22 Ω 22 Ω Output
Input
0.1 µF
TRIG, 0 ADJ, GND GND

PRINT only Protection protection
GND GND
diode diode
TTL input circuit TTL output circuit
10.5 kΩ
Output
7.2 kΩ
3 kΩ
GND
GND
Open corrector output circuit
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46
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5.4 Using the Signals

This section explains how to use the 3540's various signals and
shows the signals' timing charts.
NOTE Since the timing charts indicate the logic of the signals, the high
line positions are "valid" and the low line positions are "invalid."
Note that the positions of the lines are not related to the signal
(voltage) levels.
In the I/O code explanations (for measurement range and
comparator), "0" indicates 0 V, and "1" indicates 5 V.
For an explanation of the signal logic, refer to "5.1 Connectors"
and "5.3 Electrical Specifications".
Refer to "Chapter 4 Operating Procedure" regarding instrument
settings such as the comparator configuration.
The timings shown in the timing charts assume that no key input
is taking place.
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47
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5.4.1 Measurement Control

With measurement in the hold state
In the hold state, measurement starts when TRIG becomes valid,
then EOC becomes valid when measurement ends. EOC then
remains valid until the next time TRIG becomes valid.
TRIG
EOC
Measurement Measurement
5 ms min.
FAST: 65 ms max.
SLOW: 260 ms max. Until TRIG becomes valid
NOTE During measurement, EOC is also invalidated when the next

TRIG signal is input.
With free-running measurement

With free-running measurement, the 3540 measures repeatedly at
the internal sampling rate, with EOC becoming valid each time
measurement ends.
EOC
Measurement Measurement Measurement

FAST: 25 ms min.
SLOW: 115ms min.
FAST: 65 ms max.
SLOW: 260 ms max.
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48
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Changing the measurement range

The measurement range used by the 3540 change be changed
using signals RANGE 0 to RANGE 2.
RANGE 0 to 2 Range code a Range code b
FAST: 400 ms max. Range a Range b

SLOW: 550 ms max.
Measurement
RANGE 2 RANGE 1 RANGE 0 range
1 1 0 30 mΩ
1 0 1 300 mΩ
1 0 0 3Ω
0 1 1 30 Ω
0 1 0 300 Ω
0 0 1 3 kΩ
0 0 0 30 kΩ
1 1 1 No range
control
NOTE After switching range codes, up to 550 ms are required for the
internal circuitry to stabilize. Therefore, no measurement should
be taken for at least 550 ms after switching range codes.
Zero adjustment
Zero adjustment is possible using 0 ADJ.
0 ADJ
Zero adjustment Measurement

5 ms min.
10 ms max.
NOTE Measurement is not possible during zero adjustment.

Wait at least 10 ms after completing zero adjustment before
taking measurements.
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49
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Changing the Comparator Table

The comparator table used by the 3540 can be changed using
signals COMP 0 to COMP 2.
COMP 0 to 2 Table code a Table code b
FAST: 400 ms max. Table a Table b

SLOW: 550 ms msx.
Comparator
COMP 2 COMP 1 COMP 0
table
1 1 0 No. 1
1 0 1 No. 2
1 0 0 No. 3
0 1 1 No. 4
0 1 0 No. 5
0 0 1 No. 6
0 0 0 No. 7
1 1 1 No comparator
control
NOTE After switching comparator table, up to 550 ms are required for

the internal circuitry to stabilize. Therefore, no measurement
should be taken for at least 550 ms after switching comparator
table.
Printing (with the 3540-02 only)

Measurements displayed can be output to a printer connected to
the printer connector using the PRINT signal.
Refer to "Chapter 7 Printers".
PRINT
Measurement result Measurement result a Measurement result b Result c
Printout of a Printout of b
5 ms max.
NOTE Output of any previous printout must be completed before

printing the next measurement.
Print time varies according to the speed of the connected printer.
Printout of the measurement displayed starts when the PRINT
signal becomes valid. Before starting printing, check the EOC
signal to verify that measurement has been completed.
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50
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5.4.2 Outputting Measurement Results

Measurement output in the auto mode
(outputting comparator results)
In the auto mode, comparator results (Hi, IN, Lo) and result data
of measurements (BCD, DP) are output when EOC becomes valid
after measurement is completed.
Comparator results and measurement data should be taken after
EOC becomes valid (at the signal's rising edge).
EOC
Measurement result Previous measurement Result of measurement a Result of measurement b

result
Measurement a Measurement b Measurement c
1 ms max.
Measurement output in the manual mode

(outputting comparator results)
In the manual mode, comparator results (Hi, IN, Lo) are output
only when the MANU signal becomes valid. Measurement data
(BCD, DP) is output continuously.
MANU
Comparator result
Measurement result
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51
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Output during current abnormalities

When a current abnormality occurs (when the resistance being
measured is unchucked), the CCERR signal becomes valid. When
this happens, the all comparator result output becomes invalid.
CCERR
Comparator result
Measurement result
Chucked Unchecked Chucked
1 ms max. 1 ms max.
NOTE Comparator results are output even if CCERR becomes valid.

However, comparator results are not output if CCERR is valid
when measurement starts.
About the measurement data

Measurement data is output as 4 digits (each of which is
represented by 4 bits) of BCD data indicating the display count of
the measured value, and as a 3-bit DP code indicating the range.
Meanings of the BCD and DP output codes are as follows.
BCD bits BCD bits
Number Number
3 2 1 0 3 2 1 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 5
0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 6
0 0 1 0 2 0 1 1 1 7
0 0 1 1 3 1 0 0 0 8
0 1 0 0 4 1 0 0 1 9
Meanings of BCD digit codes
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52
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Measurement
DP 2 DP 1 DP 0 Exponent
range
0 0 0 30 mΩ x 10-5
0 0 1 300 mΩ x 10-4
0 1 0 3Ω x 10-3
0 1 1 30 Ω x 10-2
1 0 0 300 Ω x 10-1
1 0 1 3 kΩ x 100
1 1 0 30 kΩ x 101
Meanings of DP codes
Measured values are expressed as follows by the BCD and DP

codes.
Measured value = {BCD(103digit)
x 103+BCD(102digit) x 102+BCD(101digit) x 101
+BCD(100digit) x 100} x (exponent indicated
by DP code)
For example, when the numbers indicated by BCD digits (103) to
(100) are 0001, 0010, 0011, and 0100 and the DP code is 001, the
display count of the measured value is 1234, the measurement
range is 300 m, and the exponent is x 10-4, giving a measured
value as follows.
Measured value = 1234 x 10-4 = 0.1234 (Ω) = 123.4 (mΩ)
NOTE The BCD code "9999" is output with OF or CCERR.
___________________________________________________________________
53
___________________________________________________________________
Chapter 6
RS-232C Interface
6.1 Specifications
6.1.1 RS-232C Settings

The RS-232C settings of the 3540-03 are as follows. Since the
3540 settings are fixed and cannot be changed, these settings must
be matched on the computer side.
Transmission mode: Start-stop synchronization, full duplex

Transfer rate: 9600
Data length: 8
Parity: None
Stop bit: 1
Hand shake: X flow, hardware flow and none
Delimiter: CR, CR+LF for reception
CR+LF for transmission
6.1.2 Electrical Characteristics
+5 V to +15 V ON
Input voltage level
-15 V to -5 V OFF
Output voltage level (load +5 V to +9 V ON
resistance 3 kΩ to 7 kΩ) -9 V to -5 V OFF
___________________________________________________________________
6.1 Specifications
54
___________________________________________________________________
6.1.3 Connector
Pin arrangement of interface connector (D-sub 9-Pin male)
1 5
6 9
The signal lines of the 3540-03's RS-232C connector are as

follows.
Pin number Signal I/O Contents
2 RxD IN Incoming data
3 TxD OUT Outgoing data
5 GND GND Signal ground
Other pins are not used
6.1.4 Connection Method

Use a cross cable for connecting to the computer.
The outgoing data and the incoming data will cross and there is no
need to make other connections provided the signal ground wire is
connected.
Computer
RxD RxD
3540
TxD TxD
GND GND
For the flow control on the computer side, hardware flow must be
set to OFF.
Connecting cable
Connector on cable side: D-Sub 9-Pin female
Connection: Reverse connection
Compatible cable for connection to PC/AT compatible PC:
9637 RS-232C CABLE
___________________________________________________________________
6.1 Specifications
55
___________________________________________________________________
6.2 Communication Method
6.2.1 Connection to Computer

Connect the 3540-03 to the computer using a cross cable.
RS-232C
cross cable
3540
Computer
Perform the RS-232C settings on the computer side.
For details on how to make the settings, refer to the instruction
manual for the computer.
6.2.2 Command Transfer Method

The command is issued from the computer.
When the 3540 receives the incoming command from the
computer, it executes the processing specified by the command.
When 3540 has completed processing of the command, it always
returns a response to the computer.
When the computer has confirmed the response, it sends the next
command.
NOTE Every time the computer has sent a command, a response is always
returned.
Make sure that the computer only sends the next command after it
has received the response to the previous command issued from the
3540.
If multiple commands are sent consecutively, the 3540 may not
execute the commands or command errors may occur.
___________________________________________________________________
56
___________________________________________________________________
6.2.3 Command Format

The 3540 commands have the following structure.
Command + parameter + delimiter
The command and the parameter are separated by " " (one
character space).
If there is no parameter, send the delimiter after the command.
The command may consist of both upper and lower case letters.
Make sure to use one character space as the separator between the
command and the parameter.
When the command contains a parameter
In the case of
"rng 0" (+ delimiter)
the command format consists of the command "rng" followed by
the separator " ". Then follows the parameter "0". Following the
parameter comes the delimiter.
When the command contains no parameter
"adj" (+ delimiter)
the command format consists of the command "adj" immediately
followed by the delimiter.
NOTE The meaning of the delimiter is to separate commands and data.

When the 3540 receives the delimiter, it starts analysis of the
command.
___________________________________________________________________
57
___________________________________________________________________
6.2.4 Response Format

When a command is sent to 3540, 3540 processes the command.
When processing is completed, 3540 always returns a response.
When there is no information from 3540,
OK (+ delimiter)
When there is information from 3540
(measurement values, etc.),
Response character string related to the command (+ delimiter)
When the command contained an error,
CMD ERR (+ delimiter): Command error
EXEC ERR (+ delimiter): Execution error
6.2.5 Delimiter
Depending on transmission direction, the delimiter is as follows.
From computer to 3540: CR or CR+LF
From 3540 to computer: CR+LF
___________________________________________________________________
58
___________________________________________________________________
6.3 Command
6.3.1 Explanation of Command References

Syntax Describes the syntax of the command.
<data> Explains the parameter data.
Response Explains the received data.
Function Explains the actions specified by the command.
Error Describes errors that may occur when the command is executed.
Example Command execution examples.
PC> denotes command from the computer.
3540> denotes command from 3540.
NOTE The setting conditions and comparator data are written to the non-
volatile memory in the 3540 main unit 5 seconds after the settings
have been made (no key operations should be performed during this
interval).
___________________________________________________________________
6.3 Command
59
___________________________________________________________________
6.3.2 Command References
RESET
Initializes the settings
Syntax RESET
Response OK Initialization completed
Function Initializes the settings of the 3540
Measurement mode Resistance measurement mode
Measurement range 30 mΩ range
Sampling speed SLOW
Hold function Free-running (hold state canceled)
Comparator Comparator not used
Table No. 1
Comparator mode Hi-Lo comparator
Comparison values HIGH, LOW, REF, % = [0000]
Buzzer mode OFF
Temperature correction function (TC) OFF
Zero adjuster data 0 count reading for entire range.
Power supply frequency 50 Hz
Example Executing initialization.
PC >RESET Execute initialization
3540 >OK Initialization completed.
RMES
Resistance measurement value
Syntax RMES
Response <rdata>
<data> <rdata>
Resistance measurement value (see "6.3.3 Received Data".)
Function Obtains the latest resistance measurement value and comparator
result.
Example Obtaining resistance measurement value.
PC >RMES Obtain measurement value.
3540 > 15.72E-03 Measurement value: 15.72 mΩ
___________________________________________________________________
6.3 Command
60
___________________________________________________________________
TMES
Temperature measurement value
Syntax TMES
Response <tdata>
<data> <tdata>
Temperature measurement value (See "6.3.3 Received Data".)
Function Obtains the latest temperature measurement value
Examples Obtaining temperature measurement values.
PC >TMES Obtain measurement value.
3540 > 25.6? Temperature measurement value 25.6oC
PC >TMES Obtain measurement value
3540 >- 5.1? Temperature measurement value -5.1oC
TRG
Trigger measurement
Syntax TRG
Response <rdata>
<data> <rdata>
Resistance measurement value (See "6.3.3 Received Data".)
Function During measurement hold, measurement is performed once and
this result is captured.
In the free-running state, the newest resistance measurement value
is captured.
Example Obtaining the resistance measurement value.
PC >RMES Obtain measurement value
3540 > 15.72E-03 Resistance measurement value
15.72 mΩ
___________________________________________________________________
6.3 Command
61
___________________________________________________________________
EOC
Resistance measurement end confirmation
Syntax EOC
Response ON Resistance measurement completed
OFF Resistance measurement unfinished
Function Checks whether the resistance measurement is completed.
The condition of the measurement completed is cleared when the
data is readout with this command.
Example Checks whether the resistance measurement is completed.
PC >EOC Checks whether the resistance measurement is
completed.
3540 >ON Resistance measurement is completed.
PC >EOC Checks whether the resistance measurement is
completed.
3540 >OFF Resistance measurement is not completed.
Note The EOC command is ineffective in versions 1.02 or before.
In this case, the command error "CMD ERR" occurs when the
EOC command is transmitted.
The version number of 3540 is displayed on the lower right of the
LCD, when powering on.
___________________________________________________________________
6.3 Command
62
___________________________________________________________________
ADJ
Zero-adjust
Syntax ADJ
Response OK Zero adjustment completed
EXEC ERR Zero adjustment execution error
Function Executes zero adjustment
Error When attempts are made to perform zero adjustment with a
reading exceeding 100 counts, the zero adjustment error is
generated and zero adjustment is prevented. In these cases, the
execution error is returned as the response.
Examples Executing zero adjustment.
PC >ADJ Execute zero adjustment.
3540 >OK Zero adjustment execution completed.
PC >ADJ Execute zero adjustment.
3540 >EXEC ERR Zero adjustment execution error
FUNC
Function settings
Syntax FUNC <func data>
<data> <func data>
0: resistance measurement mode
1: temperature measurement mode
Response OK Function switch completed.
Function Sets the measurement mode to resistance measurement or
temperature measurement.
Example Setting to temperature measurement mode.
PC >FUNC 1 Set to temperature measurement mode.
3540 >OK Setting completed.
___________________________________________________________________
6.3 Command
63
___________________________________________________________________
RNG
Range setting
Syntax RNG <range data>
<data> <func data>
0: 30.00 mΩ
1: 300.0 mΩ
2: 3.000 Ω
3: 30.00 Ω
4: 300.0 Ω
5: 3.000 kΩ
6: 30.00 kΩ
Response OK Switch of range for resistance measurement
completed.
Function Sets the range to the specified resistance measurement range.
When the comparator is ON, the comparator data range
information is set to this range.
Example Setting the resistance measurement range to the 30 Ω range.
PC >RNG 3 Set to 30 Ω range.
SMP
Sampling setting
Syntax SMP <sample data>
<data> <func data>
0: SLOW
1: FAST
Response OK Sampling speed switch completed.
Function Sets the resistance measurement sampling to SLOW or FAST.
Example Setting the sampling to FAST.
PC >SMP 1 Set to FAST.
___________________________________________________________________
6.3 Command
64
___________________________________________________________________
HZ
Setting the power supply frequency
Syntax HZ <hz data>
<data> <func data>
0: 50 Hz
1: 60 Hz
Response OK Setting of the power supply frequency completed.
Function Sets the power supply frequency to 50 Hz or 60 Hz.
Example Setting the power supply frequency to 50 Hz.
PC >Hz 0 Set to 50 Hz.
HOLD
Hold function
Syntax HOLD <on/off>
<data> <on/off>
0: OFF
1: ON
Response OK Hold function setting completed.
Function Toggles the hold function ON/OFF.
Example Turning ON the hold function.
PC >HOLD 1 Set hold to ON.
___________________________________________________________________
6.3 Command
65
___________________________________________________________________
AUTO
Auto range
Syntax AUTO <on/off>
<data> <on/off>
0: OFF
1: ON
Response OK Auto range setting completed.
EXEC ERR Auto range setting execution error.
Function Toggles the auto range ON or OFF.
Error While the comparator is ON, auto range cannot be set to ON.
If this is attempted, the response will indicate an execution error.
Examples Setting the auto range to ON
PC >AUTO 1 Set auto range to ON.
PC >AUTO 1 Set auto range to ON.
3540 >EXEC ERR Auto range setting execution error.
TC
Temperature correction function
Syntax TC <on/off>
<data> <on/off>
0: OFF
1: ON
Response OK Setting of the temperature correction function
completed.
Function Toggles the temperature correction function ON or OFF.
Example Setting the temperature correction function to ON.
PC >TC 1 Set temperature correction function to ON.
___________________________________________________________________
6.3 Command
66
___________________________________________________________________
COMP
Comparator
Syntax COMP <on/off>
<data> <on/off>
0: OFF
1: ON
Response OK Comparator ON/OFF setting completed.
Function Toggles the comparator ON or OFF.
Example Turning ON the comparator.
PC >COMP 1 Set comparator to ON.
CNO
Comparator table
Syntax CNO <comp no>
<data> <comp no>
1: No. 1
2: No. 2
3: No. 3
4: No. 4
5: No. 5
6: No. 6
7: No. 7
Response OK Comparator table configuration completed.
EXEC ERR Execution error
Function Configures the comparator table to the specified table number.
Error When the comparator is not ON, this setting is not possible.
If attempted, the execution error is generated.
Example To configure the comparator table as No. 7.
PC >CNO 7 Set as table No. 7
___________________________________________________________________
6.3 Command
67
___________________________________________________________________
CMD
Comparator mode setting
Syntax CMD <comp mode>
<data> <comp mode>
0: Hi-Lo
1: REF-%
Response OK Comparator mode setting completed.
Function Sets the comparator mode to Hi-Lo or REF-%.
Example To set the comparator mode to Hi-Lo.
PC >CMD 0 Set the comparator mode to Hi-Lo.
BUZ
Buzzer
Syntax BUZ <comp buzzer>
<data> <comp buzzer>
0: OFF
1: HL
2: IN
Response OK Buzzer mode setting completed.
Function Sets the buzzer mode to OFF, HL or IN.
Example Setting the buzzer mode to IN.
PC >BUZ 2 Set the buzzer mode to IN.
___________________________________________________________________
6.3 Command
68
___________________________________________________________________
CHI
Comparator HIGH/REF setting
Syntax CHI <comp hi data>
<data> <comp hi data>
0 to 9999: Upper limit value (HIGH) or reference value (REF)
(Count value with the decimal point neglected.)
Response OK Comparator HIGH/REF data setting completed.
Function Sets the comparator HIGH and REF setting values to the specified
values.
Example Setting the comparison value HIGH to 1000.
PC >CHI 1000 Set to 1000.
CLO
Comparator LOW/% setting
Syntax CLO <comp lo data>
<data> <comp lo data>
0 to 9999: Lower limit value (LOW) or range (%)
(Count value with the decimal point neglected.)
Response OK Comparator LOW/% data setting completed.
Function Sets the comparator LOW and % setting values to the specified
values.
For the range (%) setting, 100.0% equals "1000".
Example Setting the comparison value LOW to 1000.
PC >CLO 1000 Set to 1000.
___________________________________________________________________
6.3 Command
69
___________________________________________________________________
CCC
Constant-current status check
Syntax CCC
Response CC OK Constant-current normal
CC ERR Constant-current abnormality (CCERR)
Function Checks the condition of the current for resistance measurement.
Unless the constant-current flows correctly, the resistance value
cannot be measured.
Examples Checking the current constant-current status.
PC >CCC Find the constant-current status.
3540 >CC ERR Current abnormality (CCERR)
PC >CCC Find the constant-current status.
3540 >CC OK Current normal.
LOCK
Key lock setting
Syntax LOCK <on/off>
<data> <on/off>
0: OFF
1: ON
Response OK Key lock setting completed.
Function Toggles the key lock function ON or OFF.
Example Locking the keys.
PC >LOCK 1 Turn key lock ON.
___________________________________________________________________
6.3 Command
70
___________________________________________________________________
6.3.3 Received Data

<rdata>
The rdata format of the resistance measurement value data is as
follows.
measurement value + "," + comparator results
When the comparator is OFF, the format only consists of the

measurement value and the "," + comparator results are not
attached.
Format of measurement values

□.□□□E □□
□□.□□E □□
□□□.□E □□
1 2 3
1 Space character
2 Mantissa
3 Exponent. E+Sign of characteristic + 2-digit numerical value
I.e., one of mΩ (E-03), Ω (E+00) or kΩ (E+03).
In the REF-% mode with the comparator ON, it becomes

□□□.□ and the exponent is not attached. (4-digit numerical
value+decimal point)
The unit is %.
In special cases, the format may be:

"OF": Overflow
"CC ERR": Abnormal current
"BAD DATA": When the TC function is ON, the temperature
measurement value exceeded the range or in case
of sensor error.
___________________________________________________________________
6.3 Command
71
___________________________________________________________________
Comparator results
Comparator results are indicated by single digits as follows:
0: Invalid
1: Lo
2: IN
3: Hi
Examples
35.00E-03 35.00 mΩ
3.500E+00 3.500 Ω
35.00E+00,1 35.00 Ω, comparator result = Lo.
3.500E+03,2 3.500 kΩ, comparator result = IN.
100.5,3 100.5 %, comparator result = Hi.
<tdata>
The tdata format of the temperature measurement value data is as
follows.
sign + □□.□
Sign
One space character when plus.
"-" when minus.
The measurement value is indicated by 3 digits+decimal point

(fixed position) and the unit is oC .
In special cases, the format may be:

OF: Overflow
-OF: Minus overflow
SENS ERR: Sensor not connected or broken wire.
Example
25.0 25.0 oC
- 9.5 -9.5 oC
___________________________________________________________________
6.3 Command
72
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
6.3 Command
73
___________________________________________________________________
Chapter 7
Printers
This chapter discusses printer output from the 3540-02.

With the 3540-02, measured values can be printed out using the
optional 9203 DIGITAL PRINTER or other general purpose
Centronics printer.
This instruction manual explains how to print out measured values
to a general purpose Centronics printer. For printing using the
9203, refer to the 9203 Instruction Manual.
In order to output measured values to the printer, short the PRINT

signal on the rear panel terminal strip to GND.
For printing using the PRINT signal, refer to "5.4.1 Measurement
Control".
7.1 Making Connections

Connect the printer to the printer connector on the rear panel using
the optional 9425 CONNECTION CABLE as shown below.
The connection cable is equipped with two locking claws. Be sure
to press the connector in firmly until these claws click into place.
___________________________________________________________________
74
___________________________________________________________________
To printer
WARNING Always observe the following safety precautions

when connecting a printer. Failure to observe these
safety precautions may result in electrocution or
damage to the equipment.
Always turn off the product and the printer before
making any connections.
Because of the inherent dangers of such situations,
be careful to prevent the connections from coming
loose or leads from coming into contact with other
conductors. Make sure the connections are secure.
___________________________________________________________________
75
___________________________________________________________________
7.2 Printing
This section explains printing to a general purpose Centronics
printer. For printing using the 9203, refer to the 9203 Instruction
Manual.
A printout example is shown below, along with the meanings of
the printed data.
Function Measurement measured Comparator

range value
30.00mohm IN 30 mΩ 30.00 mΩ IN
300 mmΩ 300.0 mmΩ Hi
300.0mohm Hi
3 Ω 3.000 Ω
3.000 ohm Resistance Unused
measurement 30 Ω 30.00 Ω
30.00 ohm 300 Ω 300.0 Ω Lo
300.0 ohm Lo 30 kΩ 30.00 kΩ
3.000kohm Unused
300 kΩ 300.0 kΩ
30.00kohm Over
OF Current Abnormality (CCERR)
-- Resistance measurement Lo
(Standard deviation)
100.0 % Lo
Temperature -
o
25.0 C -
25.0 C measurement
___________________________________________________________________
7.2 Printing
76
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
7.2 Printing
77
___________________________________________________________________
Chapter 8
Maintenance and
Service
8.1 Battery Replacement Procedure
WARNING To avoid electric shock when replacing the batteries

first disconnect the AC adapter and leads from the
object to be measured. Also, after replacing the
batteries always replace the cover before using the
unit.
Do not mix old and new batteries, or different types
of batteries. Also, be careful to observe battery
polarity during installation. Otherwise, poor
performance or damage from battery leakage could
result.
To avoid the possibility of explosion, do not short
circuit, disassemble or incinerate batteries.
Handle and dispose of batteries in accordance with
local regulations.
___________________________________________________________________
78
___________________________________________________________________
The battery mark on the LCD lights when the battery is exhausted.
When this occurs, change the battery as follows.
(1) Remove the battery cover
(2) Replace the batteries with new ones, observing the correct polarity.
(3) Replace the battery cover.
Battery cover
R6P manganese batteries or

LR6 alkaline batteries
___________________________________________________________________
79
___________________________________________________________________
8.2 Fuse Replacement Procedure
WARNING To avoid danger of electrical shock when changing

the fuse, disconnect the AC adapter and all test
leads and other wiring from the 3540 before making
replacement.
After replacing the fuse, be sure to close the case
before using the instrument.
Replace the fuse only with one of the specified
characteristics and voltage and current ratings.
Using a non-specified fuse or shorting the fuse
holder may cause a life-threatening hazard.
Fuse type: F1.0 AH/250 V 20x5 mm dia.
To check whether the fuse is burned out set the instrument to the
resistance measurement mode. If NG is displayed on the LCD
when the leads are shorted, the fuse is burned out. The fuse is
mounted on the printed circuit board of the main unit. To access
the fuse, remove the screws on the bottom of the case and remove
the upper part of the case. Then, replace the fuse with the spare
fuse in the battery compartment.
F1.0 AH/250 V fuse
___________________________________________________________________
8.2 Fuse Replacement Procedure
80
___________________________________________________________________
8.3 Troubleshooting
When the instrument does not work normally, check the following
items :
Symptom Cause/remedy
LCD does not light Is the correct AC adaptor being used, and is it properly
when POWER connected?
switch pressed. Refer to "4.1 Preparing Measurement".
Is the battery exhausted?
Refer to "8.1 Battery Replacement Procedure".
Resistances cannot Is the instrument in the abnormal current state?
be measured. Refer to "4.2.7 Current Abnormality (CCERR)
Detection Function".
Is the fuse blown?
Refer to "8.2 Fuse Replacement Procedure".
Cannot change Is the measurement range under external control?
measurement Refer to "Chapter 5 External Control Features".
range.
Auto ranging is The auto range and comparator functions cannot be used
canceled. simultaneously.
Refer to "4.2.2 Changing the Measurement Range" and
"4.3 Comparator Function".
Measurements Does the power supply frequency setting of the 3540 match
fluctuate widely. the frequency of the AC power supply being used?
Refer to "4.2.1 Setting the Power Supply Frequency".
Cannot measure Is the temperature probe connected?
temperature. Refer to "4.5 Temperature Measurement".
Temperature Is the temperature probe connected?
correction is not Refer to "4.4 Temperature Correction Function (TC)".
possible.
Comparator does Is the AUTO/MANU selector switch set to MANU?
not operate. Refer to "4.3.6 Outputting Comparator Results".
Cannot change Is comparator table selection being controlled externally?
comparator tables. Refer to "Chapter 5 External Control Features".
External control is Are connections wired properly?
not possible. Refer to "Chapter 5 External Control Features".
___________________________________________________________________
8.3 Troubleshooting
81
___________________________________________________________________
Symptom Cause/remedy
Cannot output to Is the PRINT signal wired properly?
printer. Refer to "Chapter 5 External Control Features".
Is the printer properly connected?
Refer to "Chapter 7 Printers".
RS-232C Has the RS-232C cable been connected correctly?
communication not Are the settings on the computer correct?
possible. Refer to "Chapter 6 RS-232C Interface".
___________________________________________________________________
8.3 Troubleshooting
82
___________________________________________________________________
8.4 Error Code Table

An error code is displayed on the LCD when particular errors
occur.
Example：
Error code Meaning

1 Zero-adjust range (within 100 display counts)
exceeded
2 Temperature probe not properly connected while using
temperature correction functions.
5 Attempted to print while printer not properly
connected.
8 During the power-on check, it was found that the
backup data such as the comparator configuration or
zero-adjustment data was corrupted. Corrupted data is
restored to the factory defaults.
9 A fatal error was detected during the power-on check.
If this error recurs, contact your nearest sales
representative for assistance.
When shipped from the factory, all item are set to the initial state.
Items Setting contents
Measurement mode Resistance measurement
mode
Measurement range 300 mΩ range
Sampling rate SLOW mode
Measurement holding Free-running
Comparator Comparator table are unused.
Table No. 1
Comparator mode Hi-Lo comparator
Buzzer mode OFF
Comparison Values HIGH, LOW, REF, % = 0000
Temperature correction function (TC) OFF
Power supply frequency 50 Hz
___________________________________________________________________
8.4 Error Code Table
83
___________________________________________________________________
8.5 Service
If damage is suspected, check the "Troubleshooting" section before
contacting your dealer or Hioki representative.
When sending the product for repair, remove the batteries and
pack carefully to prevent damage in transit. Include cushioning
material so the instrument cannot move within the package. Be
sure to include details of the problem. Hioki cannot be responsible
for damage that occurs during shipment.
8.6 Cleaning
To clean the product, wipe it gently with a soft cloth moistened
with water or mild detergent. Never use solvents such as benzene,
alcohol, acetone, ether, ketones, thinners or gasoline, as they can
deform and discolor the case.
Wipe the LCD gently with a soft, dry cloth.
___________________________________________________________________
8.6 Cleaning
84
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
8.6 Cleaning
HIOKI 3540 mΩ HiTESTER
Instruction Manual
Publication date: September 2006 Revised edition 13
Edited and published by HIOKI E.E. CORPORATION

Technical Support Section
All inquiries to International Sales and Marketing Department

81 Koizumi, Ueda, Nagano, 386-1192, Japan
TEL: +81-268-28-0562 / FAX: +81-268-28-0568
E-mail: [email protected]
URL http://www.hioki.co.jp/
Printed in Japan 3540A981-13
All reasonable care has been taken in the production of this manual,
but if you find any points which are unclear or in error, please
contact your supplier or the International Sales and Marketing
Department at HIOKI headquarters.
In the interests of product development, the contents of this manual
are subject to revision without prior notice.
Unauthorized reproduction or copying of this manual is prohibited.
2003-01 改訂枠消す
HEAD OFFICE
81 Koizumi, Ueda, Nagano 386-1192, Japan
TEL +81-268-28-0562 / FAX +81-268-28-0568
E-mail: [email protected] / URL http://www.hioki.co.jp/
HIOKI USA CORPORATION
6 Corporate Drive, Cranbury, NJ 08512, USA
TEL +1-609-409-9109 / FAX +1-609-409-9108
3540A981-13 06-09H
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INSTRUCTION MANUAL

Chapter 2 Name and Functions 7

Chapter 4 Operating Procedure 21

Chapter 5 External Control Features 37

Chapter 6 RS-232C Interface 53

Chapter 8 Maintenance and Service 77

･ The symbol printed on the product indicates that the

Indicates DC (Direct Current).

Indicates the ON side of the power switch.

Indicates the OFF side of the power switch.

The following symbols in this manual indicate the relative

Indicates that incorrect operation presents a

Advisory items related to performance or correct

Measurement categories (Overvoltage categories)

To ensure safe operation of measurement instruments, IEC 61010

instrument is rated could result in a severe accident, and must be

Use either the specified Hioki model 9445-02/03 AC

CAUTION ･ Never apply an external voltage to the SENSE and

Make sure the power is turned off before connecting or

The 3540 mΩ HiTESTER is an four-terminal method tester

1.1 Four-terminal Method

1.2 Temperature Correction Function

For 3540 temperature correction, conductivity σ is calculated as

1.3 Effects of Thermoelectromotive Force

As an example of the error effects of thermoelectromotive force, if

If the measurement error is large due to the effect of

2.1 Front Panel

3. keys 7.TC key(8.TEMP key)

4.AUTO key 5.HOLD key (6.0ADJ key)

15.HI/REF key 13.COMP key 9.LOCK key

10.FAST mark 5.HOLD mark 9.LOCK mark 12. SHIFT mark

4.AUTO mark 2.Measurement display area 7.TC mark 18.Battery

13. Comparator display 16. Comparator configuration display

2. Measurement display area

8. TEMP key Page 36

15. HI/REF key, comparator mode display Page 31

2.2 Rear Panel

TC sensor jack (Page 36) 2. AC adapter jack

TC sensor jack (Page 36) 2. AC adapter jack

TC sensor jack (Page 36) 2. AC adapter jack

TC sensor jack (Page 36) 2. AC adapter jack

1. AUTO/MANU selection switch Page 34

2.3 Top Case

Battery cover (Page 78)

3.1 General Specifications

Interface RS-232C interface*5

Accessories 9287-10 CLIP TYPE LEAD,

*1: Response time varies according to item being measured. Times

3.2 Measurement Range

Measurement condition 23 5 (73 9 ), 80 %RH or less

Resistance measurement (with sampling rate set to SLOW)

Range 30 mΩ 300 mΩ 3Ω 30 Ω 300 Ω 3 kΩ 30 kΩ

Temperature measurement and temperature correction

We define measurement tolerances in terms of rdg. (reading) and

4.1 Preparing Measurement

The 3540 works on battery power or with an 9445-02, 9445-03

Refer to the section on battery replacement when installing

Since power consumption is high in the case of 3540-01, 3540-02

4.1.1 Measurement Leads