KISII UNIVERSITY

Research project report

Enhancing Blood Transfusion Safety in Kisii Teaching and Referral hospital

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award bachelor,s of

science in mathematics and computing.

Submitted by:

No. Student name reg no.

1 Edwin kiptum ps15/00069/19

2 Denis mwenda ps15/00012/19

3 Earnest kinyua ps15/00003/19

4 collins kirwa ps15/00019/19

5 brian Tot ps15/00069/19

6 stephen kariuki ps15/00021/19

RESEARCH SUPERVISOR

Madam Rebecca Arika

Catalog
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ..............................................................................................................................................4
Abstract ...........................................................................................................................................................................5
1. Chapter 1:INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................................6
1.2:BACKGROUND ......................................................................................................................................................6
1.3:RESEARCH OBJECTIVES .....................................................................................................................................6
1.4:RESEARCH QUESTIONS ...................................................................................................................................... 7
1.5:JUSTIFICATION ..................................................................................................................................................... 7
2.3:LITRATURE STUDIES .......................................................................................................................................... 9
3.1 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................................10
3.2 RESEARCH DESIGN ............................................................................................................................................10
3.4:RESULTS ...............................................................................................................................................................11
5.1:CONCLUSION ...................................................................................................................................................... 18
5.2:RECOMMENDATION ..........................................................................................................................................18
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First of all, the researchers would like to express their sincere gratitude to

Management, Lecturers, and Staff of Kisii University for allowing them to improve

their skills and abilities by doing various projects and programs. Also, the

developers would like to thank Dr.Robert Obogi phd, Dean of School of pure and

applied sciences, and Dr. Abraham osogo , CoD Mathematics Department, for

their utmost support and encouragement to the students.

The researchers also would like to express their sincere gratitude to their

supervisor Madam. Rebbeca Arika. for her helpful guidance and valuable advice

during the whole process as well as to all IT Lecturers for their matchless support

and cooperation.

Finally, the researchers would like to thank their families and friends

because they have been very supportive during the project period.
Abstract
Blood transfusion safety is a relevant and significant public health issue in
Kisii County. Since most blood banks are still in paper-based system, various
disadvantages are experienced by various stakeholders, which endanger the lives of
patients and deter the healthcare system. As such, the researchers aimed to design,
develop, and implement new kisii blood bank management system . This System-
based application allows hospitals in Kisii to make inventories of their blood bags
easily, subsequently, allowing each hospital to check the availability of blood bags
anytime. The researchers designed and administered a questionnaire that assess the
perceptions of various stakeholders in both manual-based and the New system.
Based on the findings and results, it was found out that these stakeholders
perceived New Kisii Blood Bank Management System is much better than the
manual system. Therefore, with the use of New Kisii Blood Bank Management
System , blood transfusion process is safe and secured. Threats on improper blood
donor documentation, or misplaced records will be totally eradicated. Also,
processes involving recording about blood donors, blood bag collection, storage,
and inventory will be systematized and organized, hence, improving the healthcare
management for blood banks.
PROJECT PROPOSAL ABOUT BLOOD DONATION MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM

1. Chapter 1:INTRODUCTION

In today’s world life is full of risk and diseases that lead to blood loss or a
condition that makes one need more blood and due to the fact that there may be
insufficient of blood banks. In hospitals this has inspired us to develop an
application whereby with a single click it can link the donor, the recipient and
blood banks for easier and faster donation of blood to save life.

1.2:BACKGROUND

The blood donation management system has been widely used in hospitals such as
KTRH level 5 hospital and MTRH level 6 hospital. The advantage of blood
donation system is ease assessment of donors and recipient details, reduce time
consumption during the practice- reduce a lot of paper work and helps in
managing the blood in banks.

The blood donation management system has as well the disadvantages such as it
needs a computer literate, not applied I in remote areas due to poor network
systems and finally devices such as mobile phones are expensive.

1.3:RESEARCH OBJECTIVES
(i) To improve on record management on KTRH blood donation system book
keeping and to link the donor and recipient easily.

(ii) To develop a cost effective and an accurate system that links between the donor
and the blood bank.

(iii) To evaluate the system such that it will cover the gap that are there in the
current system such as the system manual input, record keeping and donors records.

1.4:RESEARCH QUESTIONS

(i) What are the challenges experienced by KTRH blood bank management system?

(ii) What are tools to be employed in the development of blood bank management
system?

(iii) What are the parameters to be employed for evaluating the improved blood
donation system?

1.5:JUSTIFICATION

The improved blood management system helps the recipients get blood easily in
case of an emergency if the blood group is not there, he/she can find a certain
blood group donor. Donor can donate blood easily by checking the list of blood
donation camps. And by the improvement to the system we shall reduce much
manual inputs to the system thus improving the efficiency of the system.
CHAPTER 2: LITRATURE REVIEW

2.0 INTRODUCTION

In this chapter we are looking at various studies done on the blood management
system and an overview of the blood bank and hospitals which use this system.
Further we will look at the corresponding strengths of the system and the
limitations they face. Furthermore we will discuss the various research gaps that
we identified and pursued to come with the improved system.

2.1 various studies on blood donation management system

The Kenya National Blood Transfusion Service (KNBTS) was established in 2000
by the Kenyan ministry of health with the mandate of collecting, testing and
processing together with distributing blood and blood products to all transfusing
hospitals in Kenya. KNBTS has six regional transfusion centers namely Nairobi,
Embu, Nakuru, Eldoret, Kisumu and Mombasa and 14 satellite centers located in
Machakos, Kisii, Meru, Naivasha, Kakamega, Kericho, Nyeri, Garissa, Malindi,
Thika, Lodwar, Bungoma, and Kitale. The 14 satellite stations carry out blood
collection, grouping, storage and distribution except Naivasha and Kericho. In
2011 Pah Essah and Said Abrahim, developed a blood donation management
system based on information about the donors, recipient and the blood. In 2014
after the terrible incidence of the westgate attack which saw a desperate
unstructured appeals for blood and by the presidential digital talent programme
which was launched by president Uhuru Kenyatta developed an end-to-end blood
service information management system called DAMUSASA which was meant to
aid the donor relationship management blood requisition and inventory and
utilization management, blood tracking emergency control and reporting. In 2015
blood donation and the life saver donation app by Anish Hamrin MR introduced a
system where if one wants blood they would login to the app and by GPS, they
can get details of the nearby blood. They can also donate blood by registering
themselves.

2.3:LITRATURE STUDIES

Dr. Kumar and Dr. Puyana from the institution of Strathmore (kenya) they
assembled an international multidisciplinary team to explore gaps and identify
solutions across the blood continuum in a diverse set of sociopolitical contexts
within Kenya's current health setting.
CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY

3.1 INTRODUCTION

This section presents the research methodology used in the study, the research
design and the data collection process. This section also presents the theoretical or
conceptual framework of the study, the sampling plan, and the tools to be used for
data analysis.

3.2 RESEARCH DESIGN

The researchers used both descriptive research and experimental research design
methods. The study was descriptive because it describes the current nature of
situation as the time of the study. Also, it was a systematic and scientific approach
to research in which the researchers manipulates one or more variables and control
and measure any change in other variables. It involves collection of data in order to
test hypotheses or to answer questions concerning current status of the subject of
study. The study was also experimental because it has it has an assumption of a
cause - and - effect relationship, and the researchers introduce online blood
management system as intervention that caused the change.

3.3 RESEARCH / DESIGN STRATEGY

In this study the researchers used questionnaire to collect information and to obtain
the perception of the various stakeholders on how they perceive the current system
which is a manual - based system, and the online system. The questionnaire was
administered to hospital administrators, doctors, and blood bank receptionists. In
sampling, the researchers used cluster sampling in which respondents were
grouped according to their roles and responsibilities. The questionnaire included 8
questions. There were many strategies to analyze data collected. The researchers
counted the frequency of each question and computes the mean as a measure of
central tendency. Also, standard deviation and variance were calculated to perform
the t-test. From the mean or average of both the current manual based system and
online system, the researchers compared the computed mean to see if the use of
online system is much better than the manual system. Also, from the result of t -
test, the researchers decided if the null hypothesis will be accepted or not.

Tables and graph were drawn to show these computations and figures.

3.4:RESULTS

The questionnaire used a 5 - scale likert scale. 5 for strongly agree, 4 for agree, 3
for neutral, 2 for disagree and 1 for strongly disagree. After administering the
questionnaire, the researchers counted the frequency of each question, and
computed the mean or average. For mean 4.51 to 5.00 is interpreted as strongly
agree . 3.51to 4.50 as agree, 2.51 to 3.50 as neutral, 1.51 to 2.50 as disagree and
1.00 to 1.50 as strongly disagree.

Below is the results of the administered questionnaire

Current Blood Online blood

Management system management system

No Questions mean interpretation Mean Interpretation

1 The system 2.65 Neutral 3.92 Agree

provides good
documentation
about the
 blood donor
and its blood
donation
activities.

2 The system 2.77 Neutral 3.92 Agree

can search fast
the list of
possible blood
donors
through its
donor’s files

3 The system 2.85 Neutral 3.92 Agree

can clearly
monitor the
availability of
blood bags or
products of all
blood types.

4 The system 2.85 Neutral 3.85 Agree

has the ability
to track to
whom the
blood product
has been given
using the
 patient record

5 The system 2.96 Neutral 3.77 Agree

has the ability
to generate
medical
reports or
statistics
easily.

6 The system 2.88 Neutral 3.81 Agree

offers an
organized and
systematized
filing or
record system

7 The system 2.73 Neutral 3.88 Agree

provides easy
to use,
efficiency,
effective
system to the
users.

8 The system 2.85 Neutral 4.00 Agree

allows user to
know easily if
the person
 donated blood
for the last
three months.

AVERAGE 2.82 Neutral 3.88 Agree

MEAN

In general the table above showed the average mean of the current manual system
was 2.82 which was interpreted that the respondents were neutral in the assessment
of the current system. The question of the ability of providing good documentation
about the donor and blood donation activities was rated the lowest which implies
that in most manual systems, most files or records have the tendencies of being
either misplaced or lost. Through the respondents rated the ability of the system to
generate reports. The highest criterion is the manual system, still the result showed
that the respondents felt the report generation in manual - system is time -
consuming, and laborious. The results showed that the respondents did not agree
nor disagree on the ability of the current system on its efficiency and effectiveness.
On the other hand, the above table showed that the average mean of 3.91in the
online blood bank management system indicates that respondents agreed that the
online system can provide good documentation about donor and its donor activities,
monitoring of blood bags availability, tracking of issued blood bags, report
generation system efficiency and effectiveness, organized and systematized record
system. The result showed that the respondents agreed on the ability of online
blood management system in terms of its efficiency and effectiveness.
The figure above showed that the respondents perceived online blood management
system is much better than the current system. The difference showed that the
respondents felt and perceived that online blood management system offers more
advantages and the benefits over the current manual based. Indeed , these findings
strength previous studies that mentioned that the current system as a lot of
disadvantages to the users and hospitals subsequently , users prefer online system
over the current one .
 Current Blood New blood management
management system system

Average Mean 2.82 3.88

Standard deviation 0.096658 0.298831

No of Question 8 8
CHAPTER 4 :RESULTS

The kisii blood bank management system will act as a link between the donors and
the blood bank as the contact details of the donors will be recorded and they easily
contacted whenever they are needed to donate blood in the facility and also the
donors can be informed whenever their donation dates are close.
The kisii blood management system has achieved in record keeping as the amount
of blood in the bank is easily noted in the system and all the blood groups available
in the banks. In case of shortage it will be easily noted and the appropriate action
taken therefore the blood banks will never run dry.

The New Kisii Blood Management System has been able to save the time that is
used to request blood from hospitals to the blood banks since all hospitals are able
to request blood all by one click in the system and the blood bank will respond if
the blood is available or else the blood banks will contact the donors for blood.

The New Kisii Blood Management System will enable the blood banks to easily
check whether the donor has donated blood in the last three months to avoid a case
where a donor donates blood whereas he/she had donated again within the three
months. This is achieved by the fact that there is good record keeping in the new
system.

The New Kisii Blood Bank Management has been able to support the fast
searching to find match blood bags for the right person instead of searching the
bags manually. One can be able to see whether the needed blood is available in the
banks.
CHAPTER 5:CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

5.1:CONCLUSION

Based on results, this study concluded that New Kisii Blood Bank
Management System is much better than the Current System. The findings showed
that respondents prefer to use New Kisii Blood Bank Management System rather
than the Current System because it offers many advantages and benefits that lead
to its effectiveness, and efficiency. Because of the increased confidence on the
users on the system, it can be concluded that the New Kisii Blood Bank
Management System enhances blood transfusion safety because it provides better
ways of handling the various processes in blood bank.

5.2:RECOMMENDATION

In view of the findings, the researchers recommend that implementation of New Kisii Blood
Bank Management System. Further, the researchers recommend that further studies on
how New Kisii Blood Bank Management System enhances blood transfusion safety can be
undertaken to strengthen this study’s findings. This requires actual implementation of the
New System and evaluates how the users respond after implementation. This study
recommends that it should be roll out across the Republic of Kenya. Likewise, to ensure
that there will be better user engagement, user manuals and proper user training should be
given. Lastly, this study recommends that the system can be expanded by allowing donors
to be registered and be a system user, and these donors will be informed about the planned
blood donation activities through the new system.
References

1. Voluntary blood donations rising in Oman. (2014, November 21). Retrieved

from https://timesofoman.com/article/43536

2. Teena, C.A, Sankar, K. and Kannan, S. (2014). A Study on Blood Bank

Management. Retrieved from

https://www.idosi.org/mejsr/mejsr19(8)14/21.pdf

3. Kumar, R., Singh, S. and Ragavi, V.A. (2017). ). Blood Bank Management

System. Retrieved from

http://ijariie.com/AdminUploadPdf/Blood_Bank_Management_System_ijari

ie6874.pdf

4. Liyana, F. (2017). Blood Bank Management System Using Rule-Based

Method. Retrieved from http://greenskill.net/suhailan/fyp/report/038077.pdf

 APPENDIXES

The researchers were able to design, and develop new kisii blood bank
management system using JAVA and MySQL for the back-end database. Below
are sample screenshots of the developed system:

Figure 1: login screen

Figure 2: Admin Home Screen

Figure 3: list request page

Figure 4: delete donor page

figure 4: delete staff member page
Figure 5: blood stock increase page

Figure 6:provision of donor’s blood card page

Figure 7: update donor’s details page
Figure 8: add new donor page
Figure 9: view staff members page
Figure 10: stock decrease page
 Sample Questionnaire
Dear Respondents,

Greetings!

We, the researchers, are currently working with an applied research entitled “new kisii blood bank
management system” as a requirement for our project in bachelor of science in mathematics and
computing. We aimed to determine how the use of new blood bank management system to enhance blood
transfusion safety.

Subsequently, we would like to seek for your cooperation to answer the following question below. Please
be assured that your answers will be treated with confidentiality.

Thank you very much.

Sincerely yours,

Dennis Mwenda,Edwin Kiptum

Stephen kariuki,Earnest Kinyua

Collins Kirwa,Brian kiprono.

 Direction: Kindly fill-out the needed information in the space provided.

Name [Optional]: ___________________________________________________________

Role: [ ] Medical Doctor [ ] Blood Bank Administrator [ ] Blood Bank Receptionist

Location: [ ] Bombaracho [ ] Nyamage [ ] Kisii Town [ ]Nyanchwa

Direction: Using the Likely scale given below, please tick or check the corresponding box of each
statement given.

 5- Strongly Agree
 4- Agree
 3- Neutral
 2- Disagree
 1- Strongly Disagree
No Question 5 4 3 2 1

Manual Blood System

1 The system provides good documentation about the blood donor and its blood
donation activities.

2 The system can search fast the list of possible blood donors through its donors’
files.

3 The system can clearly monitor the availability of blood bags or products of all
blood types.

4 The system has the ability to track to whom the blood bag/product has been given
using the patient record.

5 The system has the ability to generate medical reports or statistics easily.

6 The system offers an organized and systematized filing or record system.

8 The system provides easy to use, efficient, effective system to the users.

9 The system allows user to know easily if the person donate blood for the last 3
months.

NEW KISII BLOOD BANK MANAGEMENT SYSTEM(NKBBMS)

1 NKBBMS provides a clear documentation about the blood donor and its blood
donation activities.

2 NKBBMS can search fast the list of possible blood donors through its donors’ files.

3 NKBBMS can clearly monitor the availability of blood bags or products of all
blood types.

4 NKBBMS has the ability to track to whom the blood bag/product has been given
using patient record.

5 NKBBMS has the ability to generate medical reports or statistics easily.

6 NKBBMS offers an organized and systematized filing or record system.

7 NKBBMS provides easy to use, efficient, effective system to the users.

8 NKBBMS allows user to know easily if the person donate blood for the last 3
months.