Republic of the Philippines

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Region I
Division of Ilocos Sur

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LESSON TITLE: Use Parallel Structure

Name of Teacher –Writer: Allan S. Flores

Daisy Jane S. Tisbe

School: Sisim National High School

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 Hello learner! Welcome to this Grade 8 English Self-Learning Kit on using parallel
Structure.
This self-learning kit aims to help you to recognize faulty parallel, balance parallel
items in a series of words such as nouns, adjectives and adverbs; and use parallelism to
create coherence and balance in writing and editing sentences with faulty parallelism.
As you go along this learning kit, you will meet different activities that will help you
understand the topic. The activities included in this self-learning kit are fill in the blanks,
multiple choice and writing activities. If you find it hard to answer the activities given, I
suggest that you review the activities and repeat the process until you gain mastery.
You are given two hours (2) in two days to understand the topic and accomplish the
provided activities. Follow the directions of each activity. Look at the Answer Key only after
going through all the activities for a more reliable and credible result. Honesty should be
observed at all times.
You can ask the help of your parents and other members of your family if there are
activities that need assistance, but do not let them accomplish everything. Kindly use your
notebook as your Answer Sheet.

MELC: Use Parallel Structures

Objectives:
In this lesson, you are expected to:

a) illustrate parallel structures

b) show your love for our country in your written output
c) edit sentences with faulty parallelism

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 Before engaging in the use of parallel structures, let us
have a review of parallel words, phrases and clauses.

Directions: Copy parallel structures from the following sentences and

identify them as words, phrases, or clauses.

1. “We thank all our distinguished international guests for having come to take
possession with the people of our country of what is, after all, a common
victory for justice, for peace, for human dignity.”

2. “We must therefore act together as a unified people, for national

reconciliation, for nation building, and for the birth of a new world.

3. In this time of pandemic, in this time of crisis and in this time of chaos let us
help one another and live the Bayanihan Spirit.

4. Imposing curfew to individuals below 21 and 60 above years of age is one

of the guidelines of the IATF.

5. Which do you prefer, attending mass online or going to church?

Did you get a perfect score? If not let us discuss once

more so you can understand better. Again, what are
parallel structures and parallelism? Recognizing parallel
constructions will also be discussed to guide you in
writing sentences with parallel structures and editing
sentences with faulty parallelism.

Parallel structures are words, phrases and clauses in sentences that

observe parallelism.

-Parallelism means using the same pattern of words to show that two
or more elements in the sentence have the same level of importance. A good
writer uses parallelism to create clear and concise sentences.

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Recognizing Parallel Constructions

When a writer is presenting a series of equally important

details in a sentence, he or she should try to make the items
balanced, or parallel. When the sentences are presented in
different forms, they are non-parallel, and the resulting sentence
is not smooth.

One of the fundamental rules of our language is that

similar ideas should be expressed in similar grammatical
structures. When we want to talk about a series of things,
qualities, ideas, problems, processes or feelings, we combine a
word with a word, a phrase with a phrase, or a clause with a
clause.

Parallel Single Words: When a writer lists a series of

words, the words in the series should be all nouns, all
adjectives, or all adverbs, but not mixed.

Mixed: The celebrity was charming, witty, and a beauty.

Charming and beauty are adjectives: however, beauty is a

noun. For the sentence to be parallel, beauty must be in
adjective form

Parallel: The celebrity was charming, witty and beautiful.

Parallel Phrases: When a writer lists a series of

phrases, all the phrases should be the same – all gerund
phrases, all infinitive phrases, all participial phrases or all
prepositional phrases.

Mixed: Her aims were to study, to travel and someday having a

family.

The sentence has non-parallel structures because two infinitive

phrases, to study and to travel are mixed with a gerund phrase,
having a family. For the sentence to be parallel, having a
family could be changed to an infinitive.

Parallel: Her aims were to study, to travel and to have a family.

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 Parallel Clauses: When a writer lists a series of clauses, all
the clauses in the series should be the same. They should all be
noun clauses, all adjective clauses or all adverb clauses.

Mixed: What we say and the things that we do are never quite the same.

What we say is a Noun Clause; the things that we do is a noun followed

by an adjective clause. In order to make the elements of the sentence
parallel, the things that we do could be changed into a noun clause.

Parallel: What we say and what we do are never quite the same.

Now let us see, if you can do better this

time. Do as instructed in the following
examples

Activity I- Am I Right?
Directions: Write and identify the parallel structure for each sentence as
words, phrases or clauses.

1. The athlete loves eating and exercising.

2. My classmate is lovely and friendly.
3. Who loves to stroll and to chat with me?
4. My friend keeps sending emails and responding to queries.
5. I sometimes put my things on the table, in the bookshelf, or in the cabinet.

Activity 2- Which is Correct?

Directions: Choose the sentences that show parallelism in each item.
Write the letter of your answers in your notebook.

1. a) Terry has wit, charm and a pleasing personality

b) Terry has wit, charm and she has an exceptionally pleasant personality.
2. a) Mr. Marcos was a brilliant planner, a caring educator and a wise politician.
b) Mr. Marcos was a brilliant planner, a caring educator and a politician.

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3. a) I was already planning to find a good pool, have a relaxing massage, and
spend a couple of days watching videos.
b) I was already planning to find a good pool, have a relaxing massage, and
to spend a couple of days watching videos.

4. a) In our English class, Lilly learned to interpret poems critically and analyze
an essay excellently.
b) In our English class, Lilly learned to interpret poems critically and she
analyzed an essay.

5. a) Mr. Corpuz rewarded his students for working hard on the final project and
performing very well in the given task.
b) Mr. Corpuz rewarded his students for working hard on the final project and
for performing very well in the given task.

Activity 3- Make Me Right

Directions: Study each sentence below. Write correct if the underlined
words, phrases or clauses are parallel; if not then edit the error.

1. The beach resort has good food, live entertainment, and a heated pool.
2. Teachers must teach values to their students consciously, openly and
consistently.
3. The employer who praises employees, giving recognition, and allows vacation
leaves should have a good staff.
4. We should save our money carefully, regularly and with knowledge.
5. Next year, my friends will decide to buy a car, to save their money, or to go on a
trip.
6. Felix dressed up because he wanted to charm his girlfriend, to impress his friends
and please his parents.
7. Mary argued that reading books is better than watching TV.
8. She worked quickly and with accuracy.
9. Composing music and to write poetry have some similarities.
10. Brisk walking daily and eating well are important for me.

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 I am now more confident in using parallel
structures and editing statement with faulty
parallelism. Parallel structures are words, phrases and
clauses in sentences that observe parallelism.

-Parallelism means using the same pattern of

words to show that two or more elements in the
sentence have the same level of importance. A good
writer uses parallelism to create clear and concise
sentences, and also to reduce the work that the reader
must do to understand the author’s meaning.
 Use parallelism in single words, phrases and
clauses such as:
 Nouns
Father eats fish and chicken.

Sarah writes poetry and stories.

 Adjectives
The class is not only kind but also helpful.

Brenda is not only pretty but also intelligent.

 Adverbs

Abraham drives his car quickly and

aggressively.

They hired carpenters who work carefully and

effectively.
 Phrases
My best friend likes to swim, to hike and to ride
a bicycle.

We must therefore act together as a unified

people, for national reconciliation, for nation
building and for the birth of a new world.
 Clauses
Every morning, we fix our bed, eat breakfast
and feed the dog.

The father told his children that they need to

wash their hands frequently and that they
should follow the guidelines of IATF.
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Organize the following Table of

Contents by applying parallel structure.
Do this in a sheet of paper.

FIRST QUARTER- African Literature

UNIT I: African Poetry
Lesson 1 Learning From African Chants
Lesson 2 How to Appreciate African Folklore

UNIT II. The Prose of Africa

Lesson 3 A Survey of Africa’s Short Stories
Lesson 4 Enjoying Africa’s Traditional Drama

Complete Me Correctly- Assessment 1

Directions: In the items below, choose the correct word or phrase within
the context suggested by the sentence. Write the letter of your answer in
your notebook.

1. Pasta boiling in water, _________________ , and garlic bread baking in the oven
welcomed Francisco as he opened the door.

A. simmered tomato sauce in the pan

B. tomato sauce simmering in the pan
C. tomato sauce that simmered in the pan
D. saucy tomatoes that were simmering in the pan

2. During our vacation in Boracay, we hope ________________, to enjoy

beautiful sunsets and to dance ourselves dizzy at reggae clubs.

A. to eat delicious seafood

B. eating delicious seafood
C. that we eat delicious seafood
D. that eating delicious seafood occurs
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3. Karen wished Ray with his mouth closed, for otherwise he was everything
she wanted in a date; he was tall, intelligent, and ____________.

A. handsome
B. he looked good
C. being good looking
D. one handsome man to look at

4. To win Laurie’s love, Albert visited the florist for roses, the drugstore for a box of
chocolates and ____________________.

A. to buy an expensive gold necklace

B. the jeweller for an expensive gold necklace
C. bought an expensive gold necklace at the jewelry store
D. the jeweller where he bought an expensive gold necklace

5. Kimberly want to date Gabe because he’s too intelligent, too understanding and
________________.

A. too polite
B. picking his teeth with his fingers
C. is the most impolite man she has ever met
D. because he picks his teeth with his fingers

Error No More-Assessment 2
Directions: In the items that follow, choose and copy the sentence that has
no error in parallelism.

1. A) Barking dogs, meowing kittens, and squawking parakeets greet the pet
shop visitors.
B) Dogs that bark, kittens that meow, and squawking parakeets greet the pet
shop visitors.
C) Barking dogs, kittens that were meowing,, and squawking parakeets greet
the pet shop visitors.

2. A) During class, Samuel spent his time to play with Britney, to eat candy, and
doodling on the assignment sheet.
B) During class, Samuel spent his time playing with Britney, eating candy, and
doodling on the assignment sheet.
C) During class, Samuel spent his time playing with Britney, he ate candy,
and doodling on the assignment sheet.

3. A) Alex looked everywhere for his Math book- under the bed, on his desk, and
inside the refrigerator.
B) Alex looked everywhere for his Math book- under the bed, on his desk, and
he searched inside the refrigerator.
C) Alex looked everywhere for his Math book- viewing under the bed,
searching on his desk, and inside the refrigerator.
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4. A) The manager wanted staff who arrived on time, smiled at the costumers,
and didn’t snack on the chicken nuggets.
B) The manager wanted staff who arrived on time, smiled at the costumers,
and no snacking on the chicken nuggets.
C) The manager wanted staff who arrived on time, would be smiling at the
costumers, and would not be snacking on the chicken nuggets.

5. A) After giving Jeremy her phone number, Felicia had to tolerate his late night
calls, stupid conversations and requests for her math homework.
B) After giving Jeremy her phone number, Felicia had to tolerate his late night
calls, the fact that he carried on stupid conversations and requests for her
math homework.
C) After giving Jeremy her phone number, Felicia had to tolerate being awake
late at night calls, having stupid conversations and he constantly requested
for her math homework.

I Can Write-Assessment 3
Directions: Use parallel structure in writing at least five ways to show your
love for your country based on the keywords below. Make sure to write
complete sentences. Five (5) sentences will do

1. Nationalism
2. National Unity
3. love of country.
4. patronizing Filipino-made products
5. Covid pandemic.

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Rubric for Writing Sentence Parallel Structure

Criteria 5 4 3 2 1
Content All the One of the Two of the Three of the Four of the
sentences sentences sentences sentences sentences
are relevantis not are not are not are not
to the givenrelevant to relevant to relevant to relevant to
keyword the given the given the given the given
keyword keyword keyword keyword
Structure All the One of the Two of the Three of the Four of the
sentences sentences sentences sentences sentences
observe does not do not do not do not
correct observe observe observe observe
parallel correct correct correct correct
structure parallel parallel parallel parallel
structure structure structure structure
Spelling and No spelling 1-2 spelling 3-4 spelling 5-6 spelling 7 or more
Grammar or or or or spelling or
grammatical grammatical grammatical grammatical grammatical
mistakes mistakes mistakes mistakes mistakes
present in present in present in present in present in
the the the the the
sentence. sentence. sentence. sentence. sentence.

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A. Books

Serrano, Josephine B. et.al 1996. Communication Arts and Skills Through Afro
Asian Literature. Quezon City: Phoenix Publishing House. pp. 25-27

Yu Pilar R. 1998.Essential English Learner’s Module, Sampaloc Manila: Rex Book

Store Inc. p.190

Gonzales, Carolina T. et.al 2018. English for 21st Century Learning (Afro-Asian)
Sampaloc Manila; Rex Book Store Inc. pp. 43-47

B. Online and Other Sources

google.com/ study.com2015/Lesson on Parallelism. Accesses June 20,

2020.http://

https://www .scribd.com English 8

https//k12.thoughtfullearning.com

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Activity 1: Am I Right?
1. eating and exercising
2. lovely and friendly
3. to stroll and to chat with me?
4. sending emails and responding to queries
5. on the table, in the bookshelf, or in the cabinet
Activity 2: Which is Correct?
1. a
2. a
3. a
4. a
5. b
Activity 3: Make Me Right
1. Correct
2. Correct
3. The employer who praises employees, gives recognition, and allows
vacation leaves should have a good staff.
4. We should our money carefully, regularly and knowledgeably.
5. Correct
6. Felix dressed up because he wanted to charm his girlfriend, to impress his
friends and to please his parents.
7. Correct
8. She worked quickly and accurately.
9. Composing music and writing poetry have some similarities.
10. Correct
Assessment 1: Complete Me Correctly
1. b
2. a
3. a
4. b
5. a
Assessment 2: Error No More
1. a
2. b
3. a
4. a
5. a
Assessment 3: I Can Write
Answers may vary