Một số bài mẫu cho dạng biểu đồ đường

Sample 1:
The first chart below gives information about the money spent by British
parents on their children’s sports between 2008 and 2014. The second chart
shows the number of children who participated in three sports in Britain
over the same time period.

The line graphs show the average monthly amount that parents in Britain
spent on their children’s sporting activities and the number of British children
who took part in three different sports from 2008 to 2014.
It is clear that parents spent more money each year on their children’s
participation in sports over the six-year period. In terms of the number of
children taking part, football was significantly more popular than athletics and
swimming.

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In 2008, British parents spent an average of around £20 per month on their
children’s sporting activities. Parents’ spending on children’s sports increased
gradually over the following six years, and by 2014 the average monthly
amount had risen to just over £30.
Looking at participation numbers, in 2008 approximately 8 million British
children played football, while only 2 million children were enrolled in
swimming clubs and less than 1 million practised athletics. The figures for
football participation remained relatively stable over the following 6 years. By
contrast, participation in swimming almost doubled, to nearly 4 million
children, and there was a near fivefold increase in the number of children
doing athletics.
(185 words)
Sample 2:
The graph below shows the average number of UK commuters travelling
each day by car, bus or train between 1970 and 2030.

The line graph compares figures for daily travel by workers in the UK using
three different forms of transport over a period of 60 years.

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It is clear that the car is by far the most popular means of transport for UK
commuters throughout the period shown. Also, while the numbers of people
who use the car and train increase gradually, the number of bus users falls
steadily.
In 1970, around 5 million UK commuters travelled by car on a daily basis,
while the bus and train were used by about 4 million and 2 million people
respectively. In the year 2000, the number of those driving to work rose to 7
million and the number of commuting rail passengers reached 3 million.
However, there was a small drop of approximately 0.5 million in the number
of bus users.
By 2030, the number of people who commute by car is expected to reach
almost 9 million, and the number of train users is also predicted to rise, to
nearly 5 million. By contrast, buses are predicted to become a less popular
choice, with only 3 million daily users.
(188 words)
Sample 3:

The line graph compares average yearly spending by Americans on mobile and
landline phone services from 2001 to 2010.
It is clear that spending on landline phones fell steadily over the 10-year
period, while mobile phone expenditure rose quickly. The year 2006 marks
the point at which expenditure on mobile services overtook that for
residential phone services.
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In 2001, US consumers spent an average of nearly $700 on residential phone
services, compared to only around $200 on cell phone services. Over the
following five years, average yearly spending on landlines dropped by nearly
$200. By contrast, expenditure on mobiles rose by approximately $300.
In the year 2006, the average American paid out the same amount of money
on both types of phone service, spending just over $500 on each. By 2010,
expenditure on mobile phones had reached around $750, while the figure for
spending on residential services had fallen to just over half this amount.
(162 words)
Sample 4:

The line graph compares the percentage of people aged 65 or more in three
countries over a period of 100 years.
It is clear that the proportion of elderly people increases in each country
between 1940 and 2040. Japan is expected to see the most dramatic changes
in its elderly population.
In 1940, around 9% of Americans were aged 65 or over, compared to about
7% of Swedish people and 5% of Japanese people. The proportions of elderly
people in the USA and Sweden rose gradually over the next 50 years, reaching

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just under 15% in 1990. By contrast, the figures for Japan remained below 5%
until the early 2000s.
Looking into the future, a sudden increase in the percentage of elderly people
is predicted for Japan, with a jump of over 15% in just 10 years from 2030 to
2040. By 2040, it is thought that around 27% of the Japanese population will
be 65 years old or more, while the figures for Sweden and the USA will be
slightly lower, at about 25% and 23% respectively.
(178 words)
Sample 5:

The line graph compares the percentage of people in three countries who
used the Internet between 1999 and 2009.
It is clear that the proportion of the population who used the Internet
increased in each country over the period shown. Overall, a much larger
percentage of Canadians and Americans had access to the Internet in
comparison with Mexicans, and Canada experienced the fastest growth in
Internet usage.
In 1999, the proportion of people using the Internet in the USA was about
20%. The figures for Canada and Mexico were lower, at about 10% and 5%
respectively. In 2005, Internet usage in both the USA and Canada rose to
around 70% of the population, while the figure for Mexico reached just over
25%.

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By 2009, the percentage of Internet users was highest in Canada. Almost
100% of Canadians used the Internet, compared to about 80% of Americans
and only 40% of Mexicans.
(151 words)
Sample 6:
The graph below shows UK acid rain emissions, measured in millions of tones,
from four different sectors between 1990 and 2007.

The line graph compares four sectors in terms of the amount of acid rain
emissions that they produced over a period of 17 years in the UK.
It is clear that the total amount of acid rain emissions in the UK fell
considerably between 1990 and 2007. The most dramatic decrease was seen
in the electricity, gas and water supply sector.
In 1990, around 3.3 million tones of acid rain emissions came from the
electricity, gas and water sector. The transport and communication sector was
responsible for about 0.7 million tones of emissions, while the domestic
sector produced around 0.6 million tones. Just over 2 million tones of acid rain
gases came from other industries.
Emissions from electricity, gas and water supply fell dramatically to only 0.5
million tones in 2007, a drop of almost 3 million tones. While acid rain gases
from the domestic sector and other industries fell gradually, the transport
sector saw a small increase in emissions, reaching a peak of 1 million tones in
2005.
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(169 words)
Sample 7:
The graph below gives information about car ownership in Britain from 1971
to 2007.

The graph shows changes in the number of cars per household in Great Britain
over a period of 36 years.
Overall, car ownership in Britain increased between 1971 and 2007. In
particular, the number of households with two cars rose, while the number of
households without a car fell.
In 1971, almost half of all British households did not have regular use of a car.
Around 44% of households had one car, but only about 7% had two cars. It
was uncommon for families to own three or more cars, with around 2% of
households falling into this category.
The one-car household was the most common type from the late 1970’s
onwards, although there was little change in the figures for this category. The
biggest change was seen in the proportion of households without a car, which
fell steadily over the 36-year period to around 25% in 2007. In contrast, the
proportion of two-car families rose steadily, reaching about 26% in 2007, and
the proportion of households with more than two cars rose by around 5%.
(176 words)
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Dạng 2: Biểu đồ cột
Các bài mẫu cho dạng biểu đồ cột:
Sample 1:
The chart below shows the amount of time that 10 to 15-year-olds spend
chatting on the Internet and playing on games consoles on an average
school day in the UK.

The bar chart compares the time spent by 10 to 15-year-olds in the UK on two
activities, namely chatting online and playing computer games.
Overall, we can see that playing computer games is marginally more popular
than chatting on the Internet. However, completely different trends can be
seen if we look at the specific figures for boys and girls.
Boys aged between 10 and 15 clearly favour playing on games consoles over
chatting online. According to the chart, while 85% of boys play computer
games every day, only 55% chat online daily. Furthermore, the majority of
boys play on their consoles for more than one hour each day, and 10% do this
activity for four hours or more.
By contrast, girls prefer chatting online. Close to 70% of 10 to 15-year-old girls
engage in online conversation each day, compared to about 50% of this
cohort who play computer games. Of the girls who do play on consoles, most
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of them play for less than an hour, whereas most girls who chat online do so
for more than one hour, and nearly 10% chat for four hours or more.
(188 words)
Sample 2:
The chart below shows the total number of minutes (in billions) of
telephone calls in the UK, divided into three categories, from 1995-2002.

The bar chart compares the amount of time spent by people in the UK on
three different types of phone call between 1995 and 2002.
It is clear that calls made via local, fixed lines were the most popular type, in
terms of overall usage, throughout the period shown. The lowest figures on
the chart are for mobile calls, but this category also saw the most dramatic
increase in user minutes.
In 1995, people in the UK used fixed lines for a total of just over 70 billion
minutes for local calls, and about half of that amount of time for national or
international calls. By contrast, mobile phones were only used for around 4
billion minutes. Over the following four years, the figures for all three types of
phone call increased steadily.

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By 1999, the amount of time spent on local calls using landlines had reached a
peak at 90 billion minutes. Subsequently, the figure for this category fell, but
the rise in the other two types of phone call continued. In 2002, the number
of minutes of national / international landline calls passed 60 billion, while the
figure for mobiles rose to around 45 billion minutes.
(197 words)
Sample 3:
The charts below compare the age structure of the populations of France
and India in 1984.

The two charts compare the populations of France and India in terms of age
distribution by gender in the year 1984.
It is clear that the population of India was younger than that of France in
1984, with a noticeably larger proportion of people aged under 20. France, on
the other hand, had a significantly larger percentage of elderly inhabitants.
In India, close to 14% of people were aged 5 or under, and each five-year age
bracket above this contained an increasingly smaller proportion of the
population. France’s population, by contrast, was more evenly distributed
across the age ranges, with similar figures (around 7% to 8% of all people) for
each five-year cohort between the ages of 0 and 40. Somewhere between
10% and 15% of all French people were aged 70 or older, but the equivalent
figure for India was only 2%.

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Looking more closely at gender, there was a noticeably higher proportion of
French women than men in every cohort from age 50 upwards. For example,
almost 3% of French 70- to 75-year-olds were women, while just under 2%
were men. No significant gender differences can be seen on the Indian
population chart.
(199 words)
Sample 4:
The bar graph shows the global sales (in billions of dollars) of different types
of digital games between 2000 and 2006.

The bar chart compares the turnover in dollars from sales of video games for
four different platforms, namely mobile phones, online, consoles and
handheld devices, from 2000 to 2006.
It is clear that sales of games for three out of the four platforms rose each
year, leading to a significant rise in total global turnover over the 7-year
period. Sales figures for handheld games were at least twice as high as those
for any other platform in almost every year.
In 2000, worldwide sales of handheld games stood at around $11 billion,
while console games earned just under $6 billion. No figures are given for
mobile or online games in that year. Over the next 3 years, sales of handheld
video games rose by about $4 billion, but the figure for consoles decreased by
$2 billion. Mobile phone and online games started to become popular, with
sales reaching around $3 billion in 2003.

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In 2006, sales of handheld, online and mobile games reached peaks of 17, 9
and 7 billion dollars respectively. By contrast, turnover from console games
dropped to its lowest point, at around $2.5 billion.
(187 words)
Sample 5:

The bar chart shows the number of hot dogs and buns eaten in 15 minutes by
the winners of ‘Nathan’s Hot Dog Eating Contest’ in Brooklyn, USA between
1980 and 2010.
It is noticeable that the number of hot dogs and buns eaten by winners of the
contest increased dramatically over the period shown. The majority of
winners were American or Japanese, and only one woman had ever won the
contest.

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Americans dominated the contest from 1980 to 1996, and the winning
number of hot dogs and buns consumed rose from only 8 to around 21 during
that time. 1983 and 1984 were notable exceptions to the trend for American
winners. In 1983 a Mexican won the contest after eating 19.5 hot
dogs, almost double the amount that any previous winner had eaten, and
1984 saw the only female winner, Birgit Felden from Germany.
A Japanese contestant, Takeru Kobayashi, reigned as hot dog eating
championfor six years from 2001 to 2006. Kobayashi’s winning totals of
around 50 hot dogs were roughly double the amount that any previous
winner had managed. However, the current champion, American Joey
Chestnut, took hot dog eating to new heights in 2009 when he consumed an
incredible 68 hot dogs and buns in the allotted 15 minutes.
(211 words)
Sample 6:
The chart below shows the total number of Olympic medals won by twelve
different countries.

The bar chart compares twelve countries in terms of the overall number of
medals that they have won at the Olympic Games.
It is clear that the USA is by far the most successful Olympic medal winning
nation. It is also noticeable that the figures for gold, silver and bronze medals
won by any particular country tend to be fairly similar.
The USA has won a total of around 2,300 Olympic medals, including
approximately 900 gold medals, 750 silver and 650 bronze. In second place on
the all-time medals chart is the Soviet Union, with just over 1,000 medals.

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Again, the number of gold medals won by this country is slightly higher than
the number of silver or bronze medals.
Only four other countries - the UK, France, Germany and Italy - have won
more than 500 Olympic medals, all with similar proportions of each medal
colour. Apart from the USA and the Soviet Union, China is the only other
country with a noticeably higher proportion of gold medals (about 200)
compared to silver and bronze (about 100 each).
(178 words)
Sample 7:
The charts below show the main reasons for study among students of
different age groups and the amount of support they received from
employers.

The bar charts compare students of different ages in terms of why they are
studying and whether they are supported by an employer.
It is clear that the proportion of students who study for career purposes is far
higher among the younger age groups, while the oldest students are more
likely to study for interest. Employer support is more commonly given to
younger students.
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Around 80% of students aged under 26 study to further their careers, whereas
only 10% study purely out of interest. The gap between these two proportions
narrows as students get older, and the figures for those in their forties are the
same, at about 40%. Students aged over 49 overwhelmingly study for interest
(70%) rather than for professional reasons (less than 20%).
Just over 60% of students aged under 26 are supported by their employers. By
contrast, the 30-39 age group is the most self-sufficient, with only 30% being
given time off and help with fees. The figures rise slightly for students in their
forties and for those aged 50 or more.
(178 words)
Sample 8:
The chart below shows numbers of incidents and injuries per 100 million
passenger miles travelled (PMT) by transportation type in 2002.

The bar chart compares the number of incidents and injuries for every 100
million passenger miles travelled on five different types of public transport in
2002.
It is clear that the most incidents and injuries took place on demand-response
vehicles. By contrast, commuter rail services recorded by far the lowest
figures.
A total of 225 incidents and 173 injuries, per 100 million passenger miles
travelled, took place on demand-response transport services. These figures

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were nearly three times as high as those for the second highest category, bus
services. There were 76 incidents and 66 people were injured on buses.
Rail services experienced fewer problems. The number of incidents on light
rail trains equalled the figure recorded for buses, but there were significantly
fewer injuries, at only 39. Heavy rail services saw lower numbers of such
events than light rail services, but commuter rail passengers were even less
likely to experience problems. In fact, only 20 incidents and 17 injuries
occurred on commuter trains.
(165 words)
Sample 9:
The chart below shows information about changes in average house prices
in five different cities between 1990 and 2002 compared with the average
house prices in 1989.

The bar chart compares the cost of an average house in five major cities over
a period of 13 years from 1989.
We can see that house prices fell overall between 1990 and 1995, but most of
the cities saw rising prices between 1996 and 2002. London experienced by
far the greatest changes in house prices over the 13-year period.
Over the 5 years after 1989, the cost of average homes in Tokyo and London
dropped by around 7%, while New York house prices went down by 5%. By
contrast, prices rose by approximately 2% in both Madrid and Frankfurt.

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Between 1996 and 2002, London house prices jumped to around 12% above
the 1989 average. Homebuyers in New York also had to pay significantly
more, with prices rising to 5% above the 1989 average, but homes in Tokyo
remained cheaper than they were in 1989. The cost of an average home in
Madrid rose by a further 2%, while prices in Frankfurt remained stable.
(165 words)
Sample 10:

The bar chart compares consumer spending on six different items in Germany,
Italy, France and Britain.
It is clear that British people spent significantly more money than people in
the other three countries on all six goods. Of the six items, consumers spent
the most money on photographic film.
People in Britain spent just over £170,000 on photographic film, which is the
highest figure shown on the chart. By contrast, Germans were the lowest
overall spenders, with roughly the same figures (just under £150,000) for each
of the six products.

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The figures for spending on toys were the same in both France and Italy, at
nearly £160,000. However, while French people spent more than Italians on
photographic film and CDs, Italians paid out more for personal stereos, tennis
racquets and perfumes. The amount spent by French people on tennis
racquets, around £145,000, is the lowest figure shown on the chart.
(150 words)
Sample 11:
The charts below show the levels of participation in education and science in
developing and industrialised countries in 1980 and 1990.

The three bar charts show average years of schooling, numbers of scientists
and technicians, and research and development spending in developing and
developed countries. Figures are given for 1980 and 1990.
It is clear from the charts that the figures for developed countries are much
higher than those for developing nations. Also, the charts show an overall
increase in participation in education and science from 1980 to 1990.
People in developing nations attended school for an average of around 3
years, with only a slight increase in years of schooling from 1980 to 1990. On

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the other hand, the figure for industrialised countries rose from nearly 9 years
of schooling in 1980 to nearly 11 years in 1990.
From 1980 to 1990, the number of scientists and technicians in industrialised
countries almost doubled to about 70 per 1000 people. Spending on research
and development also saw rapid growth in these countries, reaching $350
billion in 1990. By contrast, the number of science workers in developing
countries remained below 20 per 1000 people, and research spending fell
from about $50 billion to only $25 billion.
(187 words)

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Dang 3: Biểu đồ tròn
Một số bài mẫu cho dạng biểu đồ tròn
Sample 1:
The charts below show the results of a questionnaire that asked visitors to
the Parkway Hotel how they rated the hotel's customer service. The same
questionnaire was given to 100 guests in the years 2005 and 2010.

The pie charts compare visitors’ responses to a survey about customer service
at the Parkway Hotel in 2005 and in 2010.
It is clear that overall customer satisfaction increased considerably from 2005
to 2010. While most hotel guests rated customer service as satisfactory or
poor in 2005, a clear majority described the hotel’s service as good or
excellent in 2010.
Looking at the positive responses first, in 2005 only 5% of the hotel’s visitors
rated its customer service as excellent, but this figure rose to 28% in 2010.
Furthermore, while only 14% of guests described customer service in the
hotel as good in 2005, almost three times as many people gave this rating five
years later.

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With regard to negative feedback, the proportion of guests who considered
the hotel’s customer service to be poor fell from 21% in 2005 to only 12% in
2010. Similarly, the proportion of people who thought customer service was
very poor dropped from 15% to only 4% over the 5-year period. Finally, a fall
in the number of ‘satisfactory’ ratings in 2010 reflects the fact that more
people gave positive responses to the survey in that year.
(193 words)
Sample 2:
The pie charts below compare water usage in San Diego, California and the
rest of the world.

The pie charts give information about the water used for residential, industrial
and agricultural purposes in San Diego County, California, and the world as a
whole.
It is noticeable that more water is consumed by homes than by industry or
agriculture in the two American regions. By contrast, agriculture accounts for
the vast majority of water used worldwide.
In San Diego County and California State, residential water consumption
accounts for 60% and 39% of total water usage. By contrast, a mere 8% of the
water used globally goes to homes. The opposite trend can be seen when we
look at water consumption for agriculture. This accounts for a massive 69% of
global water use, but only 17% and 28% of water usage in San Diego and
California respectively.
Such dramatic differences are not seen when we compare the figures for
industrial water use. The same proportion of water (23%) is used by industry

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in San Diego and worldwide, while the figure for California is 10% higher, at
33%.
(168 words)
Sample 3:

The pie charts compare the expenditure of a school in the UK in three

different years over a 20-year period.
It is clear that teachers’ salaries made up the largest proportion of the
school’s spending in all three years (1981, 1991 and 2001). By contrast,
insurance was the smallest cost in each year.

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In 1981, 40% of the school’s budget went on teachers’ salaries. This figure
rose to 50% in 1991, but fell again by 5% in 2001. The proportion of spending
on other workers’ wages fell steadily over the 20-year period, from 28% of the
budget in 1981 to only 15% in 2001.
Expenditure on insurance stood at only 2% of the total in 1981, but reached
8% in 2001. Finally, the percentages for resources and furniture/equipment
fluctuated. The figure for resources was highest in 1991, at 20%, and the
proportion of spending on furniture and equipment reached its peak in 2001,
at 23%.
(158 words)
Sample 4:

The pie charts compare the amount of electricity produced using five different
sources of fuel in two countries over two separate years.
Total electricity production increased dramatically from 1980 to 2000 in both
Australia and France. While the totals for both countries were similar, there
were big differences in the fuel sources used.

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Coal was used to produce 50 of the total 100 units of electricity in Australia in
1980, rising to 130 out of 170 units in 2000. By contrast, nuclear power
became the most important fuel source in France in 2000, producing almost
75% of the country’s electricity.
Australia depended on hydro power for just under 25% of its electricity in
both years, but the amount of electricity produced using this type of power
fell from 5 to only 2 units in France. Oil, on the other hand, remained a
relatively important fuel source in France, but its use declined in Australia.
Both countries relied on natural gas for electricity production significantly
more in 1980 than in 2000.
(170 words)
Sample 5:

The pie charts compare the proportion of carbohydrates, protein and fat in
three different diets, namely an average diet, a healthy diet, and a healthy
diet for sport.
It is noticeable that sportspeople require a diet comprising a significantly
higher proportion of carbohydrates than an average diet or a healthy diet. The
average diet contains the lowest percentage of carbohydrates but the highest
proportion of protein.

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Carbohydrates make up 60% of the healthy diet for sport. This is 10% higher
than the proportion of carbohydrates in a normal healthy diet, and 20% more
than the proportion in an average diet. On the other hand, people who eat an
average diet consume a greater amount of protein (40%) than those who eat
a healthy diet (30%) and sportspeople (25%).
The third compound shown in the charts is fat. Fat constitutes exactly one
fifth of both the average diet and the healthy diet, but the figure drops to only
15% for the healthy sports diet.
(163 words)

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Sample 1:
The tables below give information about sales of Fairtrade*-labelled coffee
and bananas in 1999 and 2004 in five European countries.

The tables show the amount of money spent on Fairtrade coffee and bananas
in two separate years in the UK, Switzerland, Denmark, Belgium and Sweden.
It is clear that sales of Fairtrade coffee rose in all five European countries from
1999 to 2004, but sales of Fairtrade bananas only went up in three out of the
five countries. Overall, the UK saw by far the highest levels of spending on the
two products.
In 1999, Switzerland had the highest sales of Fairtrade coffee, at €3 million,
while revenue from Fairtrade bananas was highest in the UK, at €15 million.
By 2004, however, sales of Fairtrade coffee in the UK had risen to €20 million,
and this was over three times higher than Switzerland’s sales figure for
Fairtrade coffee in that year. The year 2004 also saw dramatic increases in the
money spent on Fairtrade bananas in the UK and Switzerland, with revenues
rising by €32 million and €4.5 million respectively.

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Sales of the two Fairtrade products were far lower in Denmark, Belgium and
Sweden. Small increases in sales of Fairtrade coffee can be seen, but revenue
remained at €2 million or below in all three countries in both years. Finally, it
is noticeable that the money spent on Fairtrade bananas actually fell in
Belgium and Sweden.
(216 words)
Sample 2:
The table below shows the amount of waste production (in millions of
tonnes) in six different countries over a twenty-year period.

The chart compares the amounts of waste that were produced in six countries
in the years 1980, 1990 and 2000.
In each of these years, the US produced more waste than Ireland, Japan,
Korea, Poland and Portugal combined. It is also noticeable that Korea was the
only country that managed to reduce its waste output by the year 2000.
Between 1980 and 2000, waste production in the US rose from 131 to 192
million tonnes, and rising trends were also seen in Japan, Poland and Portugal.
Japan’s waste output increased from 28 to 53 million tonnes, while Poland
and Portugal saw waste totals increase from 4 to 6.6 and from 2 to 5 million
tonnes respectively.
The trends for Ireland and Korea were noticeably different from those
described above. In Ireland, waste production increased more than eightfold,
from only 0.6 million tonnes in 1980 to 5 million tonnes in 2000. Korea, by
contrast, cut its waste output by 12 million tonnes between 1990 and 2000.
(165 words)
Sample 3:

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The table below shows changes in the numbers of residents cycling to work
in different areas of the UK between 2001 and 2011.

The table compares the numbers of people who cycled to work in twelve
areas of the UK in the years 2001 and 2011.
Overall, the number of UK commuters who travelled to work by bicycle rose
considerably over the 10-year period. Inner London had by far the highest
number of cycling commuters in both years.
In 2001, well over 43 thousand residents of inner London commuted by
bicycle, and this figure rose to more than 106 thousand in 2011, an increase of
144%. By contrast, although outer London had the second highest number of
cycling commuters in each year, the percentage change, at only 45%, was the
lowest of the twelve areas shown in the table.
Brighton and Hove saw the second biggest increase (109%) in the number of
residents cycling to work, but Bristol was the UK’s second city in terms of total
numbers of cycling commuters, with 8,108 in 2001 and 15,768 in 2011.
Figures for the other eight areas were below the 10 thousand mark in both
years.
(172 words)

Sample 4:

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The table compares the percentages of people using different functions of
their mobile phones between 2006 and 2010.
Throughout the period shown, the main reason why people used their mobile
phones was to make calls. However, there was a marked increase in the
popularity of other mobile phone features, particularly the Internet search
feature.
In 2006, 100% of mobile phone owners used their phones to make calls, while
the next most popular functions were text messaging (73%) and taking photos
(66%). By contrast, less than 20% of owners played games or music on their
phones, and there were no figures for users doing Internet searches or
recording video.
Over the following 4 years, there was relatively little change in the figures for
the top three mobile phone features. However, the percentage of people
using their phones to access the Internet jumped to 41% in 2008 and then to
73% in 2010. There was also a significant rise in the use of mobiles to play
games and to record video, with figures reaching 41% and 35% respectively in
2010.
(178 words)

39 ANH NGỮ ZIM – LUYỆN THI IELTS CAM KẾT ĐÂU RA

Sample 5:
The table below gives information on consumer spending on different items
in five different countries in 2002.
Percentage of national consumer expenditure by category - 2002

The table shows percentages of consumer expenditure for three categories of

products and services in five countries in 2002.
It is clear that the largest proportion of consumer spending in each country
went on food, drinks and tobacco. On the other hand, the leisure/education
category has the lowest percentages in the table.
Out of the five countries, consumer spending on food, drinks and tobacco was
noticeably higher in Turkey, at 32.14%, and Ireland, at nearly 29%. The
proportion of spending on leisure and education was also highest in Turkey, at
4.35%, while expenditure on clothing and footwear was significantly higher in
Italy, at 9%, than in any of the other countries.
It can be seen that Sweden had the lowest percentages of national consumer
expenditure for food/drinks/tobacco and for clothing/footwear, at nearly 16%
and just over 5% respectively. Spain had slightly higher figures for these
categories, but the lowest figure for leisure/education, at only 1.98%.
(155 words)
Sample 6:
The table below shows the proportion of different categories of families
living in poverty in Australia in 1999.

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The table gives information about poverty rates among six types of household
in Australia in the year 1999.
It is noticeable that levels of poverty were higher for single people than for
couples, and people with children were more likely to be poor than those
without. Poverty rates were considerably lower among elderly people.
Overall, 11% of Australians, or 1,837,000 people, were living in poverty in
1999. Aged people were the least likely to be poor, with poverty levels of 6%
and 4% for single aged people and aged couples respectively.
Just over one fifth of single parents were living in poverty, whereas only 12%
of parents living with a partner were classed as poor. The same pattern can be
seen for people with no children: while 19% of single people in this group
were living below the poverty line, the figure for couples was much lower, at
only 7%.
(150 words)

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Sample 7:
The table below gives information about the underground railway systems
in six cities.

The table shows data about the underground rail networks in six major cities.
The table compares the six networks in terms of their age, size and the
number of people who use them each year. It is clear that the three oldest
underground systems are larger and serve significantly more passengers than
the newer systems.
The London underground is the oldest system, having opened in 1863. It is
also the largest system, with 394 kilometres of route. The second largest
system, in Paris, is only about half the size of the London underground, with
199 kilometres of route. However, it serves more people per year. While only
third in terms of size, the Tokyo system is easily the most used, with 1927
million passengers per year.
Of the three newer networks, the Washington DC underground is the most
extensive, with 126 kilometres of route, compared to only 11 kilometres and
28 kilometres for the Kyoto and Los Angeles systems. The Los Angeles
network is the newest, having opened in 2001, while the Kyoto network is the
smallest and serves only 45 million passengers per year.
(185 words)

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Dạng 5: Dạng hỗn hợp
Dạng hỗn hợp là dạng biểu đồ kết hợp 2 trong 4 loại biểu đồ kể trên. Về bản
chất, dạng hỗn hợp rất dễ, khi miêu tả chỉ cần miêu tả riêng lẻ từng biểu đồ áp
dụng cấu trúc sau:

 Đoạn mở bài viết 1 câu ghép cung cấp thông tin 2 biểu đồ nói về cái gì
 Đoạn overview viết 2 câu, câu đầu nói về đặc điểm nổi bật của biểu đồ
1, câu thứ 2 nói về đặc điểm nổi bật của đoạn thứ 2
 Đoạn miêu tả 1: miêu tả biể đồ thứ nhất
 Đoạn miêu tả 2: miêu tả biể đồ thứ hai
Một số bài mẫu cho dạng hỗn hợp
Sample 1:
The bar chart below shows the proportions of English men and women of
different ages who were living alone in 2011. The pie chart compares the
numbers of bedrooms in these one-person households.
...
Living alone in England by age and gender, 2011

Number of bedrooms in one-person households (England, 2011)

43 ANH NGỮ ZIM – LUYỆN THI IELTS CAM KẾT ĐÂU RA

The two charts give information about single-occupant households in England
in the year 2011. The bar chart compares figures for occupants' age and
gender, and the pie chart shows data about the number of bedrooms in these
homes.
Overall, females made up a higher proportion of people living alone than
males, and this difference is particularly noticeable in the older age
categories. We can also see that the most common number of bedrooms in a
single-occupant home was two.
A significant majority of the people aged 65 or over who were living alone in
England in 2011 were female. Women made up around 72% of single
occupants aged 75 to 84, and 76% of those aged 85 or over. By contrast,
among younger adults the figures for males were higher. For example, in the
35-49 age category, men accounted for nearly 65% of people living alone.
In the same year, 35.4% of one-person households in England had two
bedrooms, while one-bedroom and three-bedroom homes accounted for 28%
and 29.8% of the total. Under 7% of single-occupant homes had four or more
bedrooms.
(189 words)

44 ANH NGỮ ZIM – LUYỆN THI IELTS CAM KẾT ĐÂU RA

Sample 2:
The climograph below shows average monthly temperatures and rainfall in
the city of Kolkata.

The chart compares average figures for temperature and precipitation over
the course of a calendar year in Kolkata.
It is noticeable that monthly figures for precipitation in Kolkata vary
considerably, whereas monthly temperatures remain relatively stable. Rainfall
is highest from July to August, while temperatures are highest in April and
May.
Between the months of January and May, average temperatures in Kolkata
rise from their lowest point at around 20°C to a peak of just over 30°C.
Average rainfall in the city also rises over the same period, from
approximately 20mm of rain in January to 100mm in May.
While temperatures stay roughly the same for the next four months, the
amount of rainfall more than doubles between May and June. Figures for
precipitation remain above 250mm from June to September, peaking at
around 330mm in July. The final three months of the year see a dramatic fall
in precipitation, to a low of about 10mm in December, and a steady drop in
temperatures back to the January average.

45 ANH NGỮ ZIM – LUYỆN THI IELTS CAM KẾT ĐÂU RA

(173 words)
Sample 3:
The graph and table below give information about water use worldwide and
water consumption in two different countries.

The charts compare the amount of water used for agriculture, industry and
homes around the world, and water use in Brazil and the Democratic Republic
of Congo.
It is clear that global water needs rose significantly between 1900 and 2000,
and that agriculture accounted for the largest proportion of water used. We
can also see that water consumption was considerably higher in Brazil than in
the Congo.
In 1900, around 500km³ of water was used by the agriculture sector
worldwide. The figures for industrial and domestic water consumption stood
at around one fifth of that amount. By 2000, global water use for agriculture
had increased to around 3000km³, industrial water use had risen to just under
half that amount, and domestic consumption had reached approximately
500km³.

46 ANH NGỮ ZIM – LUYỆN THI IELTS CAM KẾT ĐÂU RA

In the year 2000, the populations of Brazil and the Congo were 176 million
and 5.2 million respectively. Water consumption per person in Brazil, at
359m³, was much higher than that in the Congo, at only 8m³, and this could
be explained by the fact that Brazil had 265 times more irrigated land.
(184 words)
Sample 4:

The chart gives information about UK immigration, emigration and net

migration between 1999 and 2008.
Both immigration and emigration rates rose over the period shown, but the
figures for immigration were significantly higher. Net migration peaked in
2004 and 2007.
In 1999, over 450,000 people came to live in the UK, while the number of
people who emigrated stood at just under 300,000. The figure for net
migration was around 160,000, and it remained at a similar level until 2003.
From 1999 to 2004, the immigration rate rose by nearly 150,000 people, but
there was a much smaller rise in emigration. Net migration peaked at almost
250,000 people in 2004.
After 2004, the rate of immigration remained high, but the number of people
emigrating fluctuated. Emigration fell suddenly in 2007, before peaking at
about 420,000 people in 2008. As a result, the net migration figure rose to
around 240,000 in 2007, but fell back to around 160,000 in 2008.

47 ANH NGỮ ZIM – LUYỆN THI IELTS CAM KẾT ĐÂU RA

Dạng 6: Quy trình và bản đồ
Một số bài mẫu về dạng miêu tả bản đồ
Sample 1:
The diagrams below show the site of a school in 2004 and the plan for
changes to the school site in 2024.

The two pictures compare the layout of a school as it was in the year 2004
with a proposed site design for the year 2024.
It is clear that the main change for 2024 involves the addition of a new school
building. The school will then be able to accommodate a considerably larger
number of students.
In 2004, there were 600 pupils attending the school, and the two school
buildings were separated by a path running from the main entrance to the
sports field. By 2024, it is expected that there will be 1000 pupils, and a third
building will have been constructed. Furthermore, the plan is to join the two

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original buildings together, creating a shorter path that links the buildings
only.
As the third building and a second car park will be built on the site of the
original sports field, a new, smaller sports field will need to be laid. A new
road will also be built from the main entrance to the second car park. Finally,
no changes will be made to the main entrance and original car park.
(183 words)
Sample 2:

The map shows the growth of a village called Chorleywood between 1868 and
1994.
It is clear that the village grew as the transport infrastructure was improved.
Four periods of development are shown on the map, and each of the
populated areas is near to the main roads, the railway or the motorway.

50 ANH NGỮ ZIM – LUYỆN THI IELTS CAM KẾT ĐÂU RA

From 1868 to 1883, Chorleywood covered a small area next to one of the
main roads. Chorleywood Park and Golf Course is now located next to this
original village area. The village grew along the main road to the south
between 1883 and 1922, and in 1909 a railway line was built crossing this area
from west to east. Chorleywood station is in this part of the village.
The expansion of Chorleywood continued to the east and west alongside the
railway line until 1970. At that time, a motorway was built to the east of the
village, and from 1970 to 1994, further development of the village took place
around motorway intersections with the railway and one of the main roads.
(174 words)
Sample 3:
The two maps below show an island, before and after the construction of
some tourist facilities.

The diagrams illustrate some changes to a small island which has been
developed for tourism.
It is clear that the island has changed considerably with the introduction of
tourism, and six new features can be seen in the second diagram. The main
developments are that the island is accessible and visitors have somewhere to
stay.
51 ANH NGỮ ZIM – LUYỆN THI IELTS CAM KẾT ĐÂU RA
Looking at the maps in more detail, we can see that small huts have been built
to accommodate visitors to the island. The other physical structures that have
been added are a reception building, in the middle of the island, and a
restaurant to the north of the reception. Before these developments, the
island was completely bare apart from a few trees.
As well as the buildings mentioned above, the new facilities on the island
include a pier, where boats can dock. There is also a short road linking the pier
with the reception and restaurant, and footpaths connect the huts. Finally,
there is a designated swimming area for tourists off a beach on the western
tip of the island.
(175 words)
Sample 4:
The map below is of the town of Garlsdon. A new supermarket (S) is planned
for the town. The map shows two possible sites for the supermarket.

The map shows two potential locations (S1 and S2) for a new supermarket in a
town called Garlsdon.
The main difference between the two sites is that S1 is outside the town,
whereas S2 is in the town centre. The sites can also be compared in terms of
access by road or rail, and their positions relative to three smaller towns.
Looking at the information in more detail, S1 is in the countryside to the north
west of Garlsdon, but it is close to the residential area of the town. S2 is also
close to the housing area, which surrounds the town centre.
52 ANH NGỮ ZIM – LUYỆN THI IELTS CAM KẾT ĐÂU RA
There are main roads from Hindon, Bransdon and Cransdon to Garlsdon town
centre, but this is a no traffic zone, so there would be no access to S2 by car.
By contrast, S1 lies on the main road to Hindon, but it would be more difficult
to reach from Bransdon and Cransdon. Both supermarket sites are close to
the railway that runs through Garlsdon from Hindon to Cransdon.
(171 words)
Sample 5:
The diagrams below are existing and proposed floor plans for the
redevelopment of an art gallery.

The first picture shows the layout of an art gallery, and the second shows
some proposed changes to the gallery space.
It is clear that significant changes will be made in terms of the use of floor
space in the gallery. There will be a completely new entrance and more space
for exhibitions.
At present, visitors enter the gallery through doors which lead into a lobby.
However, the plan is to move the entrance to the Parkinson Court side of the
building, and visitors will walk straight into the exhibition area. In place of the
lobby and office areas, which are shown on the existing plan, the new gallery
plan shows an education area and a small storage area.

53 ANH NGỮ ZIM – LUYỆN THI IELTS CAM KẾT ĐÂU RA

The permanent exhibition space in the redeveloped gallery will be about twice
as large as it is now because it will occupy the area that is now used for
temporary exhibitions. There will also be a new room for special exhibitions.
This room is shown in red on the existing plan and is not currently part of the
gallery.
(178 words)

54 ANH NGỮ ZIM – LUYỆN THI IELTS CAM KẾT ĐÂU RA

Sample 1:
The diagrams below show how houses can be protected in areas which are
prone to flooding.
...

...

The diagrams compare two different methods of defence for homes which are
at risk of being flooded.
The key difference between the diagrams is that they show flood protection
with and without a stopbank. In either case, the at-risk home is raised on stilts
above ground level.
The first diagram shows how a stopbank acts as a flood barrier to stop river
water from flooding homes. The stopbank is a small mound of land next to the
river that is higher than the 100-year flood level, and prevents the river from
bursting its banks. Nearby houses can be built on stilts to prevent flooding
from rainwater, and a floodgate beneath the stopbank can be opened to
allow this ‘ponding’ to drain off into the river.
When there is no stopbank, as shown in the second diagram, there will be
nothing to stop the river from flooding. In this case, the solution is to put
buildings on stilts. The height of the stilts is measured so that the floor of the
house is 300mm above the 100-year flood level. This measurement is called
the ‘freeboard’.
(184 words)
Sample 2:
56 ANH NGỮ ZIM – LUYỆN THI IELTS CAM KẾT ĐÂU RA
The diagram below shows how solar panels can be used to provide
electricity for domestic use.

The picture illustrates the process of producing electricity in a home using

solar panels.
It is clear that there are five distinct stages in this process, beginning with the
capture of energy from sunlight. The final two steps show how domestic
electricity is connected to the external power supply.
At the first stage in the process, solar panels on the roof of a normal house
take energy from the sun and convert it into DC current. Next, this current is
passed to an inverter, which changes it to AC current and regulates the supply
of electricity. At stage three, electricity is supplied to the home from an
electrical panel.
At the fourth step shown on the diagram, a utility meter in the home is
responsible for sending any extra electric power outside the house into the
grid. Finally, if the solar panels do not provide enough energy for the
household, electricity will flow from the utility grid into the home through the
meter.
(163 words)
Sample 3:

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The chart below shows the process of waste paper recycling.

The flow chart shows how waste paper is recycled. It is clear that there are six
distinct stages in this process, from the initial collection of waste paper to the
eventual production of usable paper.
At the first stage in the paper recycling process, waste paper is collected
either from paper banks, where members of the public leave their used paper,
or directly from businesses. This paper is then sorted by hand and separated
according to its grade, with any paper that is not suitable for recycling being
removed. Next, the graded paper is transported to a paper mill.
Stages four and five of the process both involve cleaning. The paper is cleaned
and pulped, and foreign objects such as staples are taken out. Following this,
all remnants of ink and glue are removed from the paper at the de-inking
stage. Finally, the pulp can be processed in a paper making machine, which
makes the end product: usable paper.
(160 words)

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Sample 4:
The diagram below shows how the Australian Bureau of Meteorology
collects up-to-the-minute information on the weather in order to produce
reliable forecasts.

The figure illustrates the process used by the Australian Bureau of

Meteorology to forecast the weather.
There are four stages in the process, beginning with the collection of
information about the weather. This information is then analysed, prepared
for presentation, and finally broadcast to the public.
Looking at the first and second stages of the process, there are three ways of
collecting weather data and three ways of analysing it. Firstly, incoming
information can be received by satellite and presented for analysis as a
satellite photo. The same data can also be passed to a radar station and

59 ANH NGỮ ZIM – LUYỆN THI IELTS CAM KẾT ĐÂU RA

presented on a radar screen or synoptic chart. Secondly, incoming
information may be collected directly by radar and analysed on a radar screen
or synoptic chart. Finally, drifting buoys also receive data which can be shown
on a synoptic chart.
At the third stage of the process, the weather broadcast is prepared on
computers. Finally, it is delivered to the public on television, on the radio, or
as a recorded telephone announcement.
(179 words)
Sample 5:
The diagram shows the life cycle of the honey bee.

The diagram illustrates the various stages in the life of a honey bee. We can
see that the complete life cycle lasts between 34 and 36 days. It is also
noticeable that there are five main stages in the development of the honey
bee, from egg to mature adult insect.

60 ANH NGỮ ZIM – LUYỆN THI IELTS CAM KẾT ĐÂU RA

The life cycle of the honey bee begins when the female adult lays an egg; the
female typically lays one or two eggs every 3 days. Between 9 and 10 days
later, each egg hatches and the immature insect, or nymph, appears.
During the third stage of the life cycle, the nymph grows in size and sheds its
skin three times. This moulting first takes place 5 days after the egg hatches,
then 7 days later, and again another 9 days later. After a total of 30 to 31 days
from the start of the cycle, the young adult honey bee emerges from its final
moulting stage, and in the space of only 4 days it reaches full maturity.
(169 words)
Sample 6:
The diagram below shows how coffee is produced and prepared for sale in
supermarkets and shops.

The picture illustrates the process of coffee manufacture and preparation for
sale on the market.
It is clear that there are 11 stages in the production of coffee. The process
begins with the picking of coffee beans, and ends at the packing stage.

61 ANH NGỮ ZIM – LUYỆN THI IELTS CAM KẾT ĐÂU RA

Looking at the coffee production process in detail, coffee beans must first be
picked in the fields. These beans are then dried, roasted, and cooled before
being put in a grinding machine, which turns the beans into coffee granules.
At the sixth stage in the process, the ground coffee is mixed with hot water,
and the resulting mixture is strained. Next, the mixture is frozen and then
passed once again through the grinder. After that, the ground, frozen liquid is
dried in a vacuum so that the water evaporates, leaving the coffee granules.
Finally, these granules are packed into coffee jars for delivery to shops.
(148 words)
Sample 7:
The diagrams below show some principles of house design for cool and for
warm climates.

The diagrams show how house designs differ according to climate.

62 ANH NGỮ ZIM – LUYỆN THI IELTS CAM KẾT ĐÂU RA

The most noticeable difference between houses designed for cool and warm
climates is in the shape of the roof. The designs also differ with regard to the
windows and the use of insulation.
We can see that the cool climate house has a high-angled roof, which allows
sunlight to enter through the window. By contrast, the roof of the warm
climate house has a peak in the middle and roof overhangs to shade the
windows. Insulation and thermal building materials are used in cool climates
to reduce heat loss, whereas insulation and reflective materials are used to
keep the heat out in warm climates.
Finally, the cool climate house has one window which faces the direction of
the sun, while the warm climate house has windows on two sides which are
shaded from the sun. By opening the two windows at night, the house
designed for warm climates can be ventilated.
(162 words)
Sample 8:
The diagram below shows the water cycle, which is the continuous
movement of water on, above and below the surface of the Earth.

The picture illustrates the way in which water passes from ocean to air to land
during the natural process known as the water cycle.
Three main stages are shown on the diagram. Ocean water evaporates, falls
as rain, and eventually runs back into the oceans again.
63 ANH NGỮ ZIM – LUYỆN THI IELTS CAM KẾT ĐÂU RA
Beginning at the evaporation stage, we can see that 80% of water vapour in
the air comes from the oceans. Heat from the sun causes water to evaporate,
and water vapour condenses to form clouds. At the second stage, labelled
‘precipitation’ on the diagram, water falls as rain or snow.
At the third stage in the cycle, rainwater may take various paths. Some of it
may fall into lakes or return to the oceans via ‘surface runoff’. Otherwise,
rainwater may filter through the ground, reaching the impervious layer of the
earth. Salt water intrusion is shown to take place just before groundwater
passes into the oceans to complete the cycle.
(156 words)
Sample 9:
The diagram below shows how the Australian Bureau of Meteorology
collects up-to-the-minute information on the weather in order to produce
reliable forecasts.

64 ANH NGỮ ZIM – LUYỆN THI IELTS CAM KẾT ĐÂU RA

The figure illustrates the process used by the Australian Bureau of
Meteorology to forecast the weather.
There are four stages in the process, beginning with the collection of
information about the weather. This information is then analysed, prepared
for presentation, and finally broadcast to the public.
Looking at the first and second stages of the process, there are three ways of
collecting weather data and three ways of analysing it. Firstly, incoming
information can be received by satellite and presented for analysis as a
satellite photo. The same data can also be passed to a radar station and
presented on a radar screen or synoptic chart. Secondly, incoming
information may be collected directly by radar and analysed on a radar screen
or synoptic chart. Finally, drifting buoys also receive data which can be shown
on a synoptic chart.
At the third stage of the process, the weather broadcast is prepared on
computers. Finally, it is delivered to the public on television, on the radio, or
as a recorded telephone announcement.
(170 words)

65 ANH NGỮ ZIM – LUYỆN THI IELTS CAM KẾT ĐÂU RA