1.

News in mass media

The mass media plays a vital part in our lives. Mass media it's a phrase which
is generally used to designate any process by which a person or a group
communicates with the masses. Today, we describe 4 chief media : newspapers,
magazines, radio, and TV inform us of what is going on in this world and give us
wonderful possibilities for education and entertainment. We distinguish print
media as well as electronic. The newspapers and magazines are often termed the
"print media" while radio and television are called the "electronic media".

Mass media also influence the way we see the world and shape our views.
Newspapers are the oldest means of mass media. The choice of newspapers is
wide. Nowadays newspapers varying sharply from news of the moment, news of
lasting interest or it can be news treated by daily papers. All newspapers are
classified into two types: quality or broadsheets and popular or tabloids. Quality
newspapers are serious national papers for educated readers. For example, it can be
detailed analysis of the stock market. Tabloids are designed for common readers
with the content focused on family squabbles, gossips about semifamous
personalities or fashion.

 Newspapers don't react to events as quickly as TV, but they usually provide
us with extra detail, comment and background information.
The main source of news for millions of people is television. People like TV news
because they can see everything with their own eyes. And that's an important
advantage. Seeing, as we know, is believing. Besides, it's much more difficult for
politicians to lie in front of the cameras than on the pages of newspapers.
Of course, not all newspapers and TV programmes report the events
objectively, but serious journalists and TV reporters try to be fair and provide us
with reliable information.
It is true that the world today is full of dramatic events and most news seems
to be bad news. But people aren't interested in ordinary events. That is why there
are so many programmes and articles about natural disasters, plane crashes, wars,
murders and robberies. Good news doesn't usually make headlines. Bad news does.
Some people say that journalists are given too much freedom. They often
intrude on people's private lives. They follow celebrities and print sensational
stories about them which are untrue or half-true. They take photos of them in their
most intimate moments. The question is — should this be allowed? But obviously,
television, especially quality documentaries from Discovery Channel, Viasat
History and National Geographic possesses educational power. Television helps to
broaden horizons and get acquainted with different cultures. 
Still, many people prefer the radio. It's good to listen to it in the car, or in the
open air, or when you do something about the house.
 Magazines have recently become another important source of information.
From education to advertisement, this new technological advance has affected
practically every aspect of our lives.
No doubt, mass media is an important part of our life. We should keep in
mind that almost everything can be a blessing or a curse depending on the way we
use it. The effect mass media has on us largely depends on our choice of what we
watch and read. So let's make intelligent choices.

2. News: gathering and delivering

The mass media plays a vital part in our lives. Mass media it's a phrase which
is generally used to designate any process by which a person or a group
communicates with the masses. Today, we describe 4 chief media : newspapers,
magazines, radio, and TV inform us of what is going on in this world and give us
wonderful possibilities for education and entertainment. We distinguish print
media as well as electronic. The newspapers and magazines are often termed the
"print media" while radio and television are called the "electronic media".

Gathering
Journalists gather news in different ways. They can get stories from pressure
groups which want to air their views2 in public. They seek publicity3 for their
opinions. 2.Journalists also get stories by tapping useful sources8 and
by monitoring9 international news agencies like Reuters. The more important a
story is, the more column inches10 it will be given in the newspaper. Journalists of
different political persuasions often put their own gloss/ spin on a story11 and
some journalists gather stories by muck-raking( сміття).

Delivering
Newspapers and television are the most common media for getting news. People who
seriously like to know what is going on in the world tend to go for these sources.
However, presently, social media also has come in fore front in sharing the news. One
can now find, post being done on social media sites. These post can be made either by
the news channels or individuals.

A rag is an informal word for a newspaper and it suggests that it is not of very high
quality. The gutter press is a disapproving term used about the kind of
newspapers and magazines that are more interested in crime and sex than
serious news. A glossy is an expensive magazine printed on good quality paper.
Journalists produce copy, which has to be ready for a deadline. When everything is
ready the newspaper goes to press. A very important story that comes in after going to
press may find its way into a stop press column. A very new newspaper or story can
be said to be hot off the press.

A story that is only to be found in one newspaper is an exclusive. A scoop is a story

discovered and published by one newspaper before all the others. A major story can be
said to hit the headlines on the day it is published. At that time the story breaks or
becomes public knowledge. If it is an important story it will receive a lot of coverage or
space in the press. A newspaper may be taken to court for libel or defamation of
character if it publishes an untrue story that harms a person's reputation. If you are
doing research into a news event, you may want to get hold of some previous issues of
newspapers, or back copies, and you may wish to make a folder of cuttings from the
papers about the event.

1. What is it very important for journalists not to miss?

A work of journalists is very hard and crucially important to the society. So,
before a story can be found in a newspaper it goes through a lot of process. It's
important to monitor and tap useful sources, not to miss deadlines. The reason for
it is that every journalists is dreaming about publishing an exclusive material.

1. Can you give an example of a famous fashion glossy?

A famous fashion glossy it's crucially important part of newspapers. One of

my favourite fashion magazines is Voggue. The magazine has a long history
in the world widely respected a fashion class magazine. The magazine
content involving various fashion, makeup, beauty, health, entertainment
and art etc., “VOGUE” the magazine is now one of the world’s most
important magazine brand. This achievement is due to its emphasis on
independent editorial policy .

2. What two words might describe the kind of story that a journalist dreams of
getting?

A scoop and exclusive

1. What two expressions refer to the moment of publication of a big story?

If you are doing research into a big news event, you may want to get hold of
some previous issues of newspapers, or back copies, and you may wish to
make a folder of cuttings from the papers about the event.

1. Which two crimes are mentioned in the text and what do they consist of?
A newspaper may be taken to court for libel or defamation of character if it publishes an
untrue story that harms a person's reputation.

Journalists of different political persuasions often put their own gloss/ spin on a

story.

THE BRITISH PRESS

1. What are two main kinds of newspapers in Britain? What are their
major points of difference?

In Britain there are two distinct kinds of newspapers and most

Britons read them sun or rain. They are quality newspapers (serious
papers or broadsheets) and tabloids (the gutter press, the popular
press or the yellow press).

The quality newspapers are large in size and have detailed articles
on both national and international current affairs. These are the Daily
Telegraph, the Times, the Guardian, the
Independent, the Financial Times and the
Observer.

The tabloids are smaller in size, have

more pictures, shorter articles, often about
private lives of celebrities and any kind of
scoop. These are the Daily express, the Daily
Mail, the Daily Star, the Sun, the Today and the Daily Mirror.

2. How many daily and Sunday newspapers are there in Britain? What
factors determine the range of British newspapers?

There are over 120 daily and Sunday newspapers and over 1,100
weekly newspapers in all parts of Britain. They cover both local news
as well as national and international stories. These newspapers include
certain specialized newspapers with circulation limited not by regions
but by interest, for instance, business, sporting and religious
newspapers, and newspapers in foreign languages.

3. Is there any financial help given to the British press by the

government?

Unlike most of its European counterparts the British press receives

nosubsidies and relatively few tax and postal concessions. Registered
newspapers receive a concession on postal rates and "per word" rates
for international press telegrams and photo telegrams.

But Newspapers are almost always financially independent ofany

political party.

4.Is there any link between British newspapers and political parties?

Newspapers are almost always financially independent ofany

politicalparty, but this doesn't mean that they do not follow any
specific political line. Most newspapers either left-wing or right-wing
express a political opinion and people choose the newspaper according
to their political beliefs.

5. What legal documents regulate activities of the British press? What

restrictions do they impose?

There are no specific press laws but certain statutes include sections
which apply to the press. They relate to restrictions on the reporting of
certain types of court proceedings; restrictions onthe publications of
advertisements which are governed by Acts dealing with the
publication of false or misleading descriptions of goods and services
and with fraud, and advertisements of remedies for certain diseases,
which are covered by public health legislation.
 Of particular relevance to the press are such laws as those on
contempt ofcourt, official secrets, libel anddefamation. A newspaper
may not publish comments on the conduct of judicial proceedings
which are likely to prejudicetheir reputation for fairness.

6. Are there any specific laws on the press and information?

There are no specific press laws but certain statutes include sections
which apply to the press. They relate to restrictions on the reporting of
certain types of court proceedings; restrictions onthe publications of
advertisements which are governed by Acts dealing with the
publication of false or misleading descriptions of goods and services
and with fraud, and advertisements of remedies for certain diseases,
which are covered by public health legislation.

Of particular relevance to the press are such laws as those on

contempt ofcourt, official secrets, libel anddefamation. A newspaper
may not publish comments on the conduct of judicial proceedings
which are likely to prejudicetheir reputation for fairness.

The british brodcasting

Two public bodies - The
The BBC is the world’s leading public service broadcaster.
British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) and the Independent
Broadcasting Authority (IBA) – provide televisionand radio services;
they work to broad requirements and objectives placed on them by
Parliament. The Home Secretary regulates broadcasting generally. The
constitution and finances of the BBC are governed by the Royal Charter
and a Licence and Agreement. The IBA's constitution and finances are
governed by statute. The IBA does not produce radio or television
programmes; these are provided by commercial programme
companies. BBC radio has four national channels. Radio 1 provides a
programme of pop music, while radio 2 provides light entertainment
and music as well as being the principal channel for the coverage of
sport. Radio 3 provides mainly classical music and in the evening also
offers adult education programmes. Radio 4 is the main speech
programme, providing the principal news and information service.

1. What are the main British broadcasting bodies that provide television
and radio services?

Two public bodies - The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) and the
Independent Broadcasting Authority (IBA) – provide televisionand
radio services;

2. What is the most popular leisure pastime in Britain?

Watching news. Television viewing is by far the most popular

leisure pastime in Britain. Average viewing time per person is nearly 24
hours a week. Households with television must buy a licence each year;
they cost £12 for black and white and £34 for colour.

3. What governmental offices govern and supervise the work of radio

and television?

The constitution and finances of the BBC are governed by the Royal
Charter and a Licence and Agreement. The Corporation of 12 governors
which are responsible for all aspects of broadcasting. The IBA's
constitution and finances are governed by statute. Its members are
appointed by the Home Secretary. The IBA does not produce radio or
television programmes;

4. What are the functions of the IBA and the commercial programme
companies? How do they cooperate?

Fifteen television programme companies hold contracts to provide

television programmes in the 14 independent television regions.
 In consultation with the IBA, each company plans the content of
the programmes to be broadcast in its area. These are produced by the
company itself and by other programme companies or purchased from
elsewhere.

5. How is the BBC governed? Who is responsible for all aspects of its
broadcasting?

The constitution and finances of the BBC are governed by the Royal
Charter and a Licence and Agreement. The Corporation of 12 governors
(each appointed by the Queen on the advice of the Government and
including separate governors for Scotland, Wales and Northern
Ireland), is responsible for all aspects of broadcasting.

the internet in our life

It is evident that, at present, people are spending a considerable amount of
time on the Internet, and thus spending less time with real people. I strongly
agree that although this use of the Internet has greatly increased the level of
communication available, it has also had detrimental effects on the amount
and type of social interaction that takes place.
The benefits of the Internet in terms of increased communication are clear,
with people connected across the globe. In the past, communication was only
possible by phone or mail, which entailed time and expense.
Thirdly, today e-commerce is very popular. What concerns me Iprefer online shopping for items like
electronics and bags, I have come to prefer online shopping as compared to the going to market
as the product quality can be easily checked and there are lot of offers available while shopping
online. But, for clothes I still prefer the traditional way of shopping where I can actually try the
clothes and see as to how they look on me.

Finally, The internet is a powerful and profitable tool if used correctly. It brings
people together and it is necessary to use such a boon well.

mass media in ukraine

The mass media plays a vital part in our lives. Mass media it's a phrase which
is generally used to designate any process by which a person or a group
communicates with the masses. Today, we describe 4 chief media : newspapers,
magazines, radio, and TV inform us of what is going on in this world and give us
wonderful possibilities for education and entertainment. We distinguish print
media as well as electronic. The newspapers and magazines are often termed the
"print media" while radio and television are called the "electronic media".

Mass media also influence the way we see the world and shape our views.
e media in Ukraine today is a single public structure providing society with up-to-date detailed information
concerning sociopolitical, economic, cultural aspects, etc. It is designed to positively influence the general
public, from their progressive views, aspirations and ideals.

At present, Ukraine numbers 4,000 editions varying in forms of ownership, genre, type, and
periodicity. Periodicals are independent and censorshipfree.

The national radio-and-television network of Ukraine is made up of government-run and non-

government radio and TV companies. Ukraine is a member of the International Telecommunication Union
and an active participant in the Intervision network. Besides State channel "UT-1" there have appeared
several nongoverment TV and radio companies: "1+1", "Inter" "STB" and others.

Among Ukraine's information agencies special popularity enjoy the UKRINFORM (Ukrainian National
Information Agency), UNIAR (Ukrainian Independent Information Agency Respublica), and several
others. These agencies have correspondents and reporters throughout the country and abroad and
disseminate information both within and outside Ukraine.