Foundation Worksheets

Name: ___________________________ ( ) Class: _________ Date: _________________

Introducing Science
1.1 Learning about science (refer to Book 1A p.4-15)

 The study of phenomena and events in Nature through systematic observation and
experimentation is called (1) _________________ (科學) .

 Science can be divided into different branches:

(2) _____________ (物理學) (3) _____________ (化學) (4) _____________ (生物學)

 the study of matter,  the study of the  the study of living things
energy and forces properties, composition,
structure and reactions of
matter

(5) _____________ (天文學) (6) _____________ (地質學) (7) _____________ (醫學)

 the study of the Sun, the  the study of the structure  the study of the human
Moon, the stars and the of the Earth body and diseases
Universe

 Scientific (8) _________________ (發現) and (9) _________________ (發明) have greatly
improved our quality of life. However, they can also cause harm if not used properly.

 There are two types of natural resources (自然資源) .

 (10) ________________________ (可再生資源) : replenished continuously in Nature
 (11) __________________________ (不可再生資源) : with a limited supply

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 Scientific knowledge can help in natural resource management and be used to develop
technology.

 Science has limitations.

 Some problems cannot be solved using scientific knowledge.
 Scientific knowledge is subject to change. It may be (12) __________________ (推翻) if
it is found to be wrong by new evidence in the future.

1.2 Practice of science (refer to Book 1A p.16-24)

 Scientists find things out by conducting (1) _______________________________ (科學探究)

which involve the following steps.

Step 1 —
(2) ________________ (觀察)
carefully and systematically and ask
questions

Galileo noted that hail of different sizes fell

to the ground at the same time.

Step 2 —
Form a (3) ________________ (假說)

Galileo proposed that ‘all objects fall at the

same speed’.

Step 3 —
Design and do
(4) _________________ (實驗)

Galileo did a test by dropping two balls of

different masses from the top of a tower.

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Step 4 —
Measure (量度) accurately and
(5) _______________ (記錄)
experimental results

Galileo measured the time travelled by the

balls and wrote it down.

Step 5 —
Analyse (分析) the experimental
results and draw a
(6) ___________________ (結論)

Galileo found that two balls of different

masses fell to the ground at the same speed.

 Science process skills (科學過程技能) include observing, (7) ________________ (分類) ,

designing investigations, doing experiments, (8) ___________________________ (推論) and
(9) _______________________ (傳意) .

 There are different types of scientific investigations, including (10) ___________ (公平測試) ,
classifying, (11) ________________ (尋找規律) , and (12) _________________ (製作模型) .

 The variables (變數) to make an experiment a fair test:

 (13) __________________variable (獨立變數) : the only variable that is changed
 (14) __________________variable (因變數) : the variable to be measured
 (15) __________________variables (對照變數) : variables that are kept the same

 Leo wants to find out whether salt or sugar dissolves more quickly in water. He carries out the
following experiment.

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 Identify the variables. Put a ‘✓’ in the appropriate boxes.

Independent Dependent Controlled
Variable
variable variable variables
(16) Amounts of substance added to water
(17) Amount of water
(18) Types of substance added to water
(19) Temperature of water
(20) Time taken for the substance to dissolve

1.3 Laboratory safety (refer to Book 1A p.24-36)

 A (1) ____________________ (實驗室) has different types of equipment (設備) and

apparatus (儀器) . It is a suitable place for doing experiments.

 Below shows some safety equipment (安全設備) in a laboratory. It is used to protect our
safety when we are doing experiments.

(2) ___________________ (3) ____________________ (4) ____________________

(5) ___________________ (6) ___________________ (7) ___________________

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(8) ___________________ (9) ___________________ (10) ____________________

 We should follow the laboratory safety rules when we do experiments.

Put a ‘✓’ in the appropriate boxes.
DOs DON’Ts
(11) Eat or drink in the laboratory.  
(12) Wear safety goggles when heating or mixing substances.  
(13) Tie up long hair and tuck in school ties when doing experiments.  
(14) Smell or taste any chemicals unless your teacher asks you to do so.  
(15) Point test tubes containing boiling liquids towards yourself or other  
students.
(16) Report all accidents to your teacher immediately.  
(17) Throw solid wastes into the sink.  

 (18) _______________________________ (危險警告標籤) warn us of the potential dangers

of the hazardous chemicals. We should handle them with care.

 Safety precautions when handling chemicals with the symbols below:

U V W X Y Z

(19) Keep away from heat and flame. _____________

(20) Wear safety goggles and gloves. _____________
(21) Avoid shock, which may cause the chemical to explode. _____________

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 The three conditions in a fire triangle (火三角) are needed for a fire to start.

 (22) ____________  (23) ____________  High temperature

1.4 Laboratory apparatus (refer to Book 1A p.37-41)

 Apparatus for holding substances:

A B C

D E F

G H I

Apparatus Function
A (1) _______________________ To collect or hold gases
B (2) _______________________ To store liquid that will be used in drops
C (3) _______________________ To hold a small amount of liquids or solids
D (4) _______________________ To hold a liquid to be evaporated
E (5) _______________________ To measure the volume of liquids
F (6) _______________________ To hold a larger amount of liquids or solids
(7) _______________________ To hold a smaller amount of liquids or solids
G (8) _______________________ To hold liquids or solids
H (9) _______________________ To hold liquids or solids
I (10) ______________________ To store liquids

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 Other apparatus:

J K L

M N O

Q R

Apparatus Function
J (11) _______________________ To stir liquids
K (12) _______________________ To transfer a small amount of powder
L (13) _______________________ To separate solids from liquids during filtration
M (14) _______________________ To hold a test tube when heating
N (15) _______________________ To hold test tubes or boiling tubes safely
O (16) _______________________ To hold hot objects
P (17) _______________________ To fix the positions of apparatus
Q (18) _______________________ To transfer a small amount of liquids
R (19) ______________________ To let liquids flow down during filtration

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 Apparatus for heating:

(21) ___________________

(20) ___________________ (22) ___________________

(23) ___________________

 We draw (24) _______________________________ (縱切面圖) of the apparatus to show the

experimental set-up.

1.5 Using measuring instruments (refer to Book 1A p.42-59)

 Different kinds of measuring instruments:

Measurement Instrument Unit, symbol

millimetre, mm

(3) _____________, cm
Length
metre, m
(1) _______________ rule,
(2) _______________ rule, and
kilometre, (4) _____
measuring tape

(6) _____________, mL

cubic centimetre, cm3

(5) _______________
litre, L

Measuring cylinder
cubic metre, (7) _____

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Measurement Instrument Unit, symbol

milligram, (10) _____

(8) ______________ gram (g)

kilogram, kg
(9) _________________________

Temperature degree Celsius, (12) ____

(11) ________________________
thermometer and mercury thermometer

second, s

Time (13) _________, min

hour, h
Stopwatch

 In order to take an accurate reading with different instruments:

1. Ruler 2. Measuring cylinder 3. Thermometer

We should read the scale from Our eyes are at the same Our eyes should be at the same
(14) ______________ above. level as the bottom of the level as the liquid level in the
(15) _____________. thermometer.

 We can make repeated measurements to reduce (16) ___________ (誤差).

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1.6 Basic practical skills (refer to Book 1A p.59-68)

 Methods of transferring solutions:

1. Pour directly
2. Use a dropper

 Steps of transferring solutions with a dropper:

rubber
empty test bulb coloured
tube solution

(a) (b) (c) (d)

Correct order: (1) ______ → (2) ______ → (3) ______ → (4) ______

 The solution will go into the (5) _________________ and it may be

contaminated by any substance left there.

 Methods of mixing solutions:

(a) Use a glass rod to stir the mixed solution
(b) Gently shake the test tube
(c) Tap the bottom of the test tube with the index finger
(d) Stopper the test tube and shake well

(6) __________ (7) __________ (8) __________ (9) __________

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 Structure of a Bunsen burner:

(12) ________________
(10) _________________

rubber tubing

(11) _________________

base

 Steps of lighting a Bunsen burner:

(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

Correct order: (13) ______ → (14) ______ → (15) ______ → (16) ______ → (17) ______

 Sometimes (18) __________________ (回擊) may occur if the air hole is fully open when
lighting a Bunsen burner. You will observe a green flame and hear a (19) _________________.

 Comparison of Bunsen flames when the air hole is closed and open:

Air hole closed Air hole open

Appearance of the flame

Name of the flame (20) _______________ (21) _______________

Colour Yellow Blue
Shape (22) _______________ Regular
Noise level (23) _______________ Noisy
Temperature Lower (24) _______________

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SUGGESTED ANSWERS
1.1 (1) science (2) Physics (3) Chemistry (4) Biology
(5) Astronomy (6) Geology (7) Medicine (8) discoveries
Renewable Non-renewable
(9) inventions (10) (11) (12) disproved
resources resources

1.2 scientific
(1) (2) Observe (3) hypothesis (4) experiments
investigations
(5) record (6) conclusion (7) classifying (8) inferring
(9) communicating (10) fair tests (11) pattern seeking (12) model building
(13) Independent (14) Dependent (15) Controlled (16) Controlled
(17) Controlled (18) Independent (19) Controlled (20) Dependent

1.3 (1) laboratory (2) laboratory coat (3) safety goggles (4) gloves
(5) fire blanket (6) fire extinguisher (7) sand bucket (8) eye wash bottle
(9) first-aid box (10) fume cupboard (11) Don’t (12) Do
(13) Do (14) Don’t (15) Don’t (16) Do
Hazard warning
(17) Don’t (18) (19) W, Y (20) U, V, X, Z
symbols
(21) W (22) Fuel (23) Oxygen

1.4 (1) Gas jar (2) Dropping bottle (3) Watch glass (4) Evaporating dish
Measuring
(5) (6) Boiling tube (7) Test tube (8) Beaker
cylinder
(9) Conical flask (10) Reagent bottle (11) Glass rod (12) Spatula
(13) Filter paper (14) Test tube holder (15) Test tube rack (16) Tongs
(17) Stand and clamp (18) Dropper (19) Funnel (20) Bunsen burner
Vertical section
(21) Wire gauze (22) Tripod (23) Heat-proof mat (24)
diagram

1.5 (1) Metre* (2) half-metre* (3) centimetre (4) km

3
(5) Volume (6) millilitre (7) m (8) Mass
Electronic
(9) (10) mg (11) Coloured alcohol (12) °C
balance
(13) minute (14) vertically (15) meniscus (16) errors

1.6 (1) c (2) d (3) a (4) b

(5) rubber bulb (6) d (7) b (8) a
(9) c (10) chimney (11) collar (12) air hole
(13) e (14) c (15) a (16) b
(17) d (18) strike back (19) hissing sound (20) Luminous flame
Non-luminous
(21) (22) Irregular (23) Quiet (24) Higher
flame

(Note: Accept answers marked with * in different orders)

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