Earth and Life Science

Module 24: Genetic

Engineering

_Earth and Life Science (SHS) _ Module 24

Earth and Life Science – Senior High School
Alternative Delivery Mode
Module 24: Genetic Engineering
First Edition, 2020

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Earth and Life Science
Module 24:
Genetic Engineering
Introductory Message

This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear

learners, can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities,
questions, directions, exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you
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or if you need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better
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In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are
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how they can best help you on your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on
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answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or
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Thank you.

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 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
master the nature of Earth and Life Science. The scope of this module permits it to
be used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the
diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard
sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to
correspond with the textbook you are now using.

The module has one lesson:

• Lesson 1 – Genetic Engineering

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. define genetic engineering;

2. describe the techniques in genetic engineering as based from the situation
given
3. appreciate the role of genetic engineering to human life

What I Know

Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet
of paper.

1. Organisms that have transferred DNA from a different species are called
A. genetically modified organisms C. both a and b
B. transgenic organisms D. none of a and b
2. It is a process in which animals with desired characteristics are mated to
produce offspring with the desired traits.
A. cloning C. inbreeding
B. hybridization D. selective breeding
3. It is a process of creating an organism that has an exact genetic copy of
another.
A. artificial selection C. gene splicing
B. cloning D. selective breeding
4. A technique in artificial selection that involves propagation of organisms with
desired traits.
A. cloning C. inbreeding
B. hybridization D. selective breeding

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 5. It is a process where a DNA is cut out from one organism and put into
another organism.
A. cloning C. gene splicing
B. gel electrophoresis D. selective breeding
6. A technology used in genetic engineering where DNA molecules from two
different species are combined.
A. DNA Recombinant technology C. both a and b
B. Recombinant DNA technology D. none of a and b
7. This refers to the DNA molecule that can replicate independently.
A. bacteriophage C. plasmid
B. enzymes D. vector
8. It is a tool that helps in carrying and integrating the desired gene.
A. bacteriophage C. plasmid
B. enzymes D. vector
9. It is produced when two different nucleotides had been fused as one.
A. DNA C. restricted DNA
B. recombinant DNA D. vector DNA
10. All are tools in recombinant DNA technology except
A. enzymes C. restriction enzymes
B. host organisms D. vectors
11. All are ancient practices of genetic engineering except
A. hybridization C. recombinant technology
B. inbreeding D. selective breeding
12. Two individuals with unlike characteristics are crossed to produce the best in
both organisms.
A. cloning C. inbreeding
B. hybridization D. selective breeding
13. It is a process where genes are inserted into the genome of a different
organism.
A. cloning C. gene splicing
B. gel electrophoresis D. selective breeding
14. Most commonly used host organism in recombinant DNA technology
A. bacteriophage C. plasmids
B. cells D. vectors
For numbers 14-15, refer to the following choices below.

A. Statement I is correct
B. Statement II is correct.
C. Statement I and II are both correct.
D. Statement I and II are both incorrect.
_________15. I - Since ancient times the practice of genetic engineering had begun.
II - Artificial selection is done to indirectly manipulate genes focusing
on the physical traits among organisms.

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 _________16. I – Vectors help in recombinant DNA technology by carrying and
integrating the desired gene usually plasmids and bacteriophage. II - Host
organisms are used to propagate the recombinant DNA.

Lesson

1 Genetic Engineering
Genetic engineering is the direct manipulation of an organism’s genes using
biotechnology. It covers different kinds of technologies used to alter the genomes that
includes the insertion of genes from other individual either the same or from different
species that aims to produce or improve products.

What’s In

Activity 1: DNA, Genes, Proteins, Individual Trait

Use the diagram below and the grid to answer the question below.

DNA

GENES

PROTEINS

TRAIT

BENT FINGER

1. What are the roles of the DNA, genes and proteins in a given trait?

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 2. How would you relate the individual trait or characteristics to proteins,
genes and DNA?
3. Would the manifestation of a trait be affected once the DNA nor the genes
are altered?

What’s New
“Genetics become my all-consuming passion. I wanted to create the
perfect species. One that does not just live on our planet but one that makes it better for
future
generations.” – Yasmina Haque_

Activity 2: Students are asked to answer the questions.

1. What do you think are the objectives of scientists in genetic engineering?
2. How are scientists able to realize their objectives in genetic engineering?
3. Can you cite the techniques in genetic engineering scientists utilize in creating
outcomes?

What is It
Since ancient times the practice of genetic engineering had
begun. Artificial selection is done to indirectly manipulate genes focusing on the
physical traits among organisms. Breeders choose which organism to mate and
produce offspring with desirable traits. They maintain this procedure without control
of what genes can be passed. Selective breeding is a process when animals with
desired characteristics are mated to produce offspring with those desired traits such
as Angus cows are bred to increase more meat. Hybridizations are when two
individuals with unlike characteristics are crossed to produce the best in both
organisms like the disease resistant potato called the Burbank potato. Inbreeding is
a technique of breeding organisms that are genetically similar to maintain desired
traits found in the pure dog breeds. As defined, genetic engineering is the process of
changing the DNA in living organisms to create something new. It involves artificial
manipulation, modification, and recombination of DNA or other nucleic acid
molecules to modify an organism or population of organisms.

Recombinant DNA Technology

Recombinant DNA is made by mixing DNA from two different sources.
Restriction enzymes were discovered in 1968 by Swiss microbiologist Werner Arbe.
This was used to splice, connect (or ligate), and remove or add nucleotides to
sequences of the DNA. This process is used in recombinant DNA technology to
remove and insert genetic sequences from and into other sequences of other

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organisms. Inserting the desired gene into the genome of the host involves the
selection of the desired gene for administration into the host followed by a selection
of the perfect vector (either plasmid or bacteriophage) with which the gene has to be
integrated and a recombinant DNA is formed. The recombinant DNA has to be
introduced into the host, maintained and carried forward to the offspring.
Biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies practice these techniques in working
with medical and research purposes.

What’s More

Activity 3: Match me!

Using the terms in the box, match the genetic techniques in their
descriptions. Write your answer in the space given.

GEL ELECTROPHORESIS; GENE SPLICING CLONING; INBREEDING

HYBRIDIZATION; SELECTIVE BREEDING ARTIFICIAL SELECTION; GENETIC
ENGINEERING

________________1. A science of changing the DNA in a living organism to create

something new
________________2. Breeders choose which organism to mate to produce offspring
with desired traits.
________________3. Animals with desired characteristics are mated to produce
offspring with those desired traits.

________________4. Two individuals with unlike characteristics are crossed to

produce the best in both organisms.
________________5. Breeding of organisms that are genetically similar to maintain
desired traits.
________________6. Creating an organism that is an exact genetic copy of another
________________7. DNA is cut out of one organism and put into another organism
________________8. A technique used to compare DNA from two or more
organisms.

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 What I Have Learned
1. Genetic engineering is the processes of changing the DNA in
living organisms to create something new.
2. Artificial selection is practiced to indirectly manipulate genes
focusing on the physical traits among organisms. This include selective
breeding, hybridization and inbreeding.
3. Genetic engineering is referred to various techniques used for the
modification or manipulation of organisms through the processes of
heredity and reproduction.
4. This includes cloning, gene splicing, gel electrophoresis and DNA
recombinant technology.
5. Recombinant DNA technology use to remove and insert genetic sequences
from and into other sequences of another organism.
6. The tools used in Recombinant DNA technology are restriction enzymes,
vectors and host organisms.

What I Can Do

Activity 4: Genetic Engineering Techniques

Directions. Distinguish the techniques in genetic engineering as based from the
situation and examples given. Write the letter of the choices.

A. Artificial selection B. Selective breeding C. Hybridization D. Inbreeding

E. Cloning F. Gene splicing G. Gel electrophoresis: analyzing DNA

____1. This is when animals with desired characteristics are mated to produce
offspring with those desired traits. Dachshunds were once bred to hunt badgers
and other burrowing animals.
____ 2. Creating an organism that is an exact genetic copy of another. They will
have the same exact DNA as the parent.
____3. DNA is cut out of one organism and put into another organism. A trait will
be transferred from one organism to another.
____4. Luther Burbank created a disease resistant potato called the Burbank
potato. He crossed a disease resistant plant with one that had a large food
producing capacity.
____6. Breeding of organisms that are genetically similar to maintain desired
traits. ____5. A technique used to compare DNA from two or more
organisms.
It keeps each breed unique from others.

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Activity 5: Genetic Engineering Techniques
Directions. Voice out your perceptions on the following statements about the current
technology in genetic engineering. Discuss whether you agree or not. Write your
answers in your journal notebook. Choose two from the three techniques.

1. Monkeys have been Cloned, Paving the Way for Human Cloning
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

2. Bacteria as Living Microrobots to Fight Cancer

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
3. Two genetic regions (variants in both ABO blood group locus and cluster of genes
in chromosome 3) Linked with Severe COVID-19
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

Assessment

Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. It is the process of manipulating genes in order to have the desired trait.

A. artificial selection C. genetic engineering
B. cloning D. gene splicing
2. It is the process of breeding an organism that are genetically similar to
maintain desired traits. It keeps each breed unique from others.
A. artificial selection C. inbreeding
B. cloning D. selective breeding
3. It is a technique where the DNA is cut out of one organism and put into
another organism. A trait will be transferred from one organism to another.
A. artificial selection C. gene splicing
B. cloning D. gel electrophoresis
4. It is a technique of creating an organism that is an exact genetic copy of the
other organism.
A. artificial selection C. gene splicing
B. cloning D. gel electrophoresis
5. An applied science of manipulating the genetic material of an organism
through artificial selection and biomedical techniques
A. artificial selection C. genetic engineering
B. cloning D. selective breeding
6. It is referred to the joining of almost any nucleotide sequences to create a
new gene product or to introduce a new gene sequence.
A. DNA Recombinant technology C. both a and b
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 B. Recombinant DNA technology D. none of a and b
7. It is produced chiefly by certain bacteria and has the property of cleaving
DNA molecules at or near a specific sequence of bases.
A. bacteriophage enzymes C. restriction enzymes
B. plasmid enzymes D. vector enzymes
8. Most common vector used in genetic engineering techniques A.
bacteriophage and plasmid C. plasmid and DNA
B. enzymes and plasmid D. restriction enzymes and DNA
9. All of these are performed to produce recombinant DNA except A. Removal of
the genetic sequences of an organism.
B. Selection of the perfect vector with which the gene has to be integrated
C. Insertion of the genetic sequences into other sequences of another
organism
D. Selection of the perfect enzymes with which the gene has to be
integrated
10. All of these are tools in recombinant DNA technology except
A. enzymes C. restriction enzymes
B. host organisms D. vectors
11. These are ancient practices of genetic engineering except
A. hybridization C. recombinant technology
B. inbreeding D. selective breeding
12. Two individuals with unlike characteristics are crossed to produce the best
in both organisms.
A. artificial selection C. genetic engineering
B. cloning D. hybridization
13. This is the most commonly used host organism in recombinant DNA
technology.
A. bacteria C. plasmid
B. cells D. vectors

For numbers 14-15, refer to the following choices below.

A. Statement I is correct
B. Statement II is correct.
C. Statement I and II are both correct.
D. Statement I and II are both incorrect.

_________14. I - Since ancient times, the practice of genetic engineering had begun.
II - Artificial selection is done to directly manipulate genes focusing
on the physical traits among organisms.
_________15. I – Enzymes help in recombinant DNA technology by carrying and
integrating the desired gene.
II - Host organisms are used to propagate the recombinant DNA.

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 Additional Activities

Activity 6: PROS and CONS

A. Directions. Conduct a short interview with one or two of your family members.
Ask them about how they think the positive and negative effects of genetic
engineering. List all their responses.

QUESTIONS RESPONSES

B. Make a list of pros and cons of genetic engineering summarizing the interview
done. Fill up the table below.

PROS CONS

 
 
 
 
 

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Answer Key

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References

Basco-Tiamzon, M.E. Z, Avissar, Y.,Choi J.,Desaix, J., Jurukovski V., Wise, R., Rye,
C. “General Biology 2 Senior High School Textbook” Published 2016 Vibal
Group, Inc.

Bayo-ang, R.B., Coronacion, M.L.G., Jorda, A.T., Restubog, A.J. “Earth and Life
Science for Senior High School” Published 2016 Educational Resources
Corporation

Commission on Higher Educvation. Earth and Life Science for Senior High School.
C.P. Garcia Ave., Diliman, Quezon City Philippines. Commission on Higher
Education, 2016

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