“In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful”

ROLE OF STUDENTS WOMEN AND MASHAIKH IN ESTABLISHMENT AND

DEVELOPMENT OF PAKISTAN

ASSIGNMENT NO 01

COURSE NAME: PAKISTAN STUDIES

DEPARTMENT OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION

FACULTY OF MANAGEMENT SCIENCES
INTERNATIONAL ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY ISLAMABAD

SUBMITTED TO: DR. ABDUL ZAHOOR KHAN ASSISTANT PROFESSOR

SUBMITTED BY: SAAD BIN ZAHID
 Q1: DISCUSS COMPREHENSIVELY THE ROLE OF
STUDENTS, LADIES AND MASHAIKH IN THE FREEDOM
MOVEMENT AND ALSO COMPRARE THE THEN ROLE
WITH THE ROLE PLAYED BY THE PRESENT DAY
STUDENTS, LADIES AND MASHAIKH IN
STRENGTHENING THE MODERN-DAY PAKISTAN?

ROLE OF STUDENTS IN THE FREEDOM MOVEMENT:

During their 200-year rule over India, the British colonizers had, among other
self-serving measures, introduced an education system which would inhibit
innovation and produce clerks for their administration. In spite of that, the
movement for liberty and social justice grew among Indians.
In the last five decades of foreign rule, students emerged as a credible force
for change. In August 1936 an all India Students Conference was held in Lucknow
(UP). Pandit Nehru inaugurated the conference, and M.A. Jinnah presided over it.
Delegates chosen by district and provincial student bodies formed the All India
Students Federation (ASIF). Three months after the initial conference, another
meeting was held in Lahore, (Punjab). Sarat Bose, in his presidential address, dwelt
at length on analysis of the political upheaval in the country, and what he thought the
role of students was.Students of any nation can turn the condition of that state, and when
we are talking about Pakistan this statement becomes more strengthen and even more
powerful, this is because Pakistan is a country which is overloaded with youth as it is being
recorded that almost 68% of the total population of Pakistan falls in the age group of 16 till
26 and that is age in which the individual is a student.
Modern condition of Pakistan is not as bright as it should be but it can be even much better
in the future if the students of our country stand up and recognize their responsibility. It is the
time that the students of our country should come forward and play their vital role in the
upbringing of the Country. This doesn’t means that through this we are encouraging the
students to get in to the politics but they should deploy themselves in all the fields of society
and should promise to make the system of our country one of the best in the entire This
present age is known as the age of modernization of Information and technology, so the
students of our country should penetrate in the field of information and technology so that
they can play their part in making Pakistan one of the leading countries in the field of IT.
Medical facilities in Pakistan are not that modernized and technical and for that purpose
several dangerous diseases are not cured here and the people of our country have to move
to various countries for the proper treatment. So my advice to our students is that make the
commitment with yourself that you will strive in the field of Allopathic and Homeopathic so
that you can be those Pakistani doctors who can treat our people in our own homeland.
Another very common thinking that is prevailing and developing in the students of our
country is that they will study here and then will go abroad for higher studies and then will

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settle in those developing countries because the future in Pakistan is not as charming and
bright as it is in other countries. This approach is the most negative and unhealthy approach
and we being Pakistani should condemn it at every level. The students should go abroad if
they want to acquire higher education which is not available in our country but before going
they should make a promise to their land and to themselves that they will surely come back
and will serve in Pakistan so that they can contribute their part in the success and
development of the country.
ROLE OF STUDENTS PLAYING IN PRESENT:
Students are the root of development in the country. Students play a very important
and big role in the development of a country. You can never hope for a successful
country if there are no educated people and policies for better education. Students
who learn today will work for the future of the country. In the future they are the pillar
of the public sector ( government sector ) and in the private sector etc and the
country also depends on them.

Thousands of students completed their education every year, its a quantity but not a quality.
That’s why our thousands of students are jobless after completed their academic session.
Despite of World Globalization our youth ( jobless students ) are fail in finding jobs. If some
of these educated students are also include in quantity instead of quality so, these students
are not able to do help in future for better development of country and also they are not able
to do better work in the world of science and also in economic circumstances.
The
students must demonstrate faith, unity, discipline, determination, sacrifice, wit, courage,
patience and relentless work to lay down the groundwork and foundations for a long-term
organization to usher in a change of ideas and values. To do so – students
must be creative and use their education to build tools such as:
Master database that captures population insights per every district per each province. This
will allow us to understand the
values, emotions and attitudes of different communities in different locations and in turn,
enable us to create tailored campaigns and messaging to mobilize the people towards
Jinnah’s ideals. Fundraising platforms that enable us to access massive phone banks and
mailing lists that cover every district
in Pakistan to be able to raise funds and empower student activists to take on big causes.
Fact-checking platforms that
efficiently track statements made by office bearers of national institutions and confirm the
factual accuracy of their statements
to be able to separate truth from fiction and usher in a culture of factfulness.
At the last, I want to give a suggestion that every country should spend their money
on students for better development. Because from this generation we can achieve The
Policy Makers, The Scientists, The Chemists, The Doctors in future and they can do
great work for better development of their country.

ROLE OF WOMEN IN FREEDOM MOVEMENT:

The history of Indian Freedom Struggle would be incomplete without mentioning the
contributions of women. The sacrifice made by the women of India will occupy the

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foremost place. They fought with true spirit and undaunted courage and faced various
tortures, exploitations and hardships to earn us freedom.As Pakistan celebrates 68
years of its Independence on 14th of August, many of us still remain unaware of the
historical significance behind the struggles borne by some of our prominent leaders,
particularly the female figureheads of Pakistan.
There is a near-absence of information in local textbooks on the history of women’s
movement in Pakistan and the legacy behind it. Every year, students are made to learn a
replicated account of the 1947 war of independence, oftentimes omitting the names and the
significant roles played by the feminist leaders of Pakistan.
Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah, Founder of Pakistan, himself reiterated the
importance of a nation whose women are side by side with men. He said, “ No nation can
rise to the height of glory unless your women are side by side with you. We are victims of
evil customs. It is a crime against humanity that our women are shut up within the four walls
of the houses as prisoners.”
The Pakistan movement was of a great historical significance for Muslim women of the
subcontinent as it was the first time they had ever participated in such a great number in any
political movement. It marked the cornerstone for the liberation and recognition of Muslim
women in the political arena and the creation of Pakistan.
Tracing back to the 19th century, the Khilafat Movement was the first instance when the
Muslim women made their presence felt in the political arena. Bi Amman, mother of
MaulanaShaukat Ali and Muhammad Ali Johar, raised her voice against British imperialism
and addressed large meetings in various parts of India. The Pakistan movement followed a
similar direction. Women came out of their homes and struggled to achieve a separate
homeland. They made immense contributions to the movement by demonstrating their
enthusiasm, leadership, intellect, courage and resolve.
The most noteworthy name is Fatima Jinnah, sister of our founding father. She was credited
with the title Madar-e-Millat (Mother of the Nation), and was the first lady to have formed the
women’s framework for the idea of Pakistan, aiding Quaid-e-Azam greatly in the process.
After independence in 1947, these women formed bodies and organization where they could
exhibit their leadership qualities and work towards the achievements of their objectives.
The first women to represent themselves in the Legislative Assembly of Pakistan were
Begum JahanAra Shah Nawaz and Begum ShaistaIkramullah. These exceptional women
were deeply committed to the cause of promoting women’s rights and their participation in
national affairs of Pakistan. They managed to include the rights of women in the agenda of
the constituent assembly and played an active part in the formation of laws that aimed at
increasing the political representation of women in Pakistan. They demanded special seats
for women in 1956 and lobbied the government to pass the Muslim Personnel Law of 1948,
Muslim Family Ordinance 1961 and Muslim Personnel Law of 1962.
The most significant moment in the political history of Pakistan was the decision of Fatima
Jinnah to contest the presidential elections. It was a tough challenge in a country where
women’s participation in politics was a taboo. Even though Ayub Khan won the presidential
elections, the impact of women had been sealed in history forever.
In Bhutto’s regime, women wings in party politics were formed. Women became
economically independent and played a significant part in the labor force. When Benazir
came back to the country, women joined her ranks to ride the country out of dictatorship.
Considering the drudgery and hard work of our female political leaders, it is of utmost
importance to teach the youth of this country about the important contributions they made for

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this country. Without acknowledging their struggles, the nation remains oblivious and
negligent of the real history of Pakistan’s independence.
The independence day of Pakistan is a reminder of the struggle and sacrifices that were
made during the freedom movement by not only men but women as well. It is not wrong to
say that active participation of women of the sub-continent had accelerated the
independence movement. Despite of so many hurdles and social restrictions these Muslim
women made their presence felt in the political arena. They came out of their homes and
struggled to achieve a separate homeland. As the nation is celebrating 70th Independence
Day, let's look back at the struggle of the prominent women of the pre-independence era.
Women of the Sub-Continent played a vital role in the Pakistan Movement. Fatima Jinnah
was the first woman to participate in political activities with her brother. Besides Fatima
Jinnah, few other women were also showing their love, courage, and commitment to the
creation of a new homeland. They bear a lot of hardships for this purpose.
Amjadi Bano Begum
The brave and courageous Amjadi begum was the first Muslim female political leader of
British India. She started her political career at a time when women were restricted to their
homes and their obligation was to take care of their home and children.
She belonged to a religious family of Rampur. She got her early education at home. Later,
she enriched her thirst for knowledge from a large collection of religious books at home. She
got married to Maulana Muhammad Ali Johar in 1902 and with the support of her husband
and mother-in-law; she broke all the restriction and joined Khilafat Movement. In every
journey and meeting of Maulana she went along with him, even she attended the round table
conference of London in 1930.Amjadi Begum was appointed as a member of working
committee of Pakistan Muslim League by Quaid-e-Azam. She was the only female member
of the committee of 25 members. As a member of the committee, she participated in the
drafting of that historic resolution of Pakistan on 23 March 1940. Amjadi Begum worked hard
and motivated other women as well. She died on 28 March 1947. On her death Quaid-e-
Azam said that it was a great loss for the nation.

Fatima Jinnah (Mother of the nation)

The loving and caring sister of Quaid-e-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah was born on 30 July
1893 in Karachi. She was a qualified dentist but quit her practice after the sad demise of the
wife of Mohammad Ali Jinnah in 1929 and became a close associate and an adviser to her
older brother.
She was an active member of the All-India Muslim League, where she served as Vice
President of the women's wing. Professor Sharif al Mujahid writes in his article, "an enduring
legacy", "People do not realize that just by accompanying Jinnah wherever he went during
the 1940s, Fatima Jinnah was teaching Muslim women to stand shoulder to shoulder with
men during the freedom struggle. Numerous pictures of the period show Fatima Jinnah
walking alongside Jinnah and not behind him. The message was loud and clear and it was
one both the brother and sister wished to convey to the nation."
Fatima Jinnah lived with Muhammad Ali Jinnah for 28 years in total, and never left her
brother alone in any circumstances. Muhammad Ali Jinnah once said, "My sister was like a
bright ray of light and hope whenever I came back home and met her. Anxieties would have
been much greater and my health much worse, but for the restraint imposed by her".
During the transfer of power in 1947, she formed the Women's Relief Committee, which later
formed the nucleus for the All Pakistan Women's Association (APWA) founded by Rana
Liaquat Ali Khan. She also played a significant role in the settlement of Muhajirs in the new

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state of Pakistan. In 1967, Jinnah gave a historical speech to the nation. She warned that
'cowards die many deaths, the valiant never tastes death but once'.
BEGUM (Raana Liaquat Ali Khan)
The history of the Pakistan movement is incomplete without mentioning the services of
Begum Raana Liaquat Ali. She was born in Agra. She was educated at the University of
Lucknow where she obtained a first class Masters degree with honors in economics in 1929.
She also served as economic adviser to Jinnah's Pakistan Movement Committee and later
became First Lady of Pakistan when her husband Liaquat Ali Khan became Pakistan's first
Prime Minister. As First Lady of Pakistan, she launched programmes for women's
development in the newly founded country. Later, she started her career as a political leader
that lasted a decade.
Begum Raana served as Pakistan's ambassador to the Netherlands in the 1950s and as
ambassador to Italy in the 1960s. From 1973 to 1976, she was elected Governor of Sindh.
She was the first Muslim woman in a delegate to the UN (1952). She received the Jane
Adam's Medal (USA) and Woman of Achievement Medal (USA) in 1950, Mother of Pakistan
in 1950 (USA), Nishan-i-Imtiaz in 1959, Grand Cross of Orange Nassau in 1961 (the
Netherlands), International Gimbel Award for service to humanity (1961-1962).

Lady Abdullah Haroon

The birthplace of the eminent women leader was Iran. She was born in 1886 and settled in
Karachi with her parents. In 1914, she married Sir Abdullah Haroon. She was the founder of
a women organisation in Sindh known as Anjuman-e-Khawteen. The key purpose of this
organization was to perk up the deteriorating economic and social condition of women of
Sindh. She was a big supporter of female education and set a school at her home to educate
women of her area.
The political career of lady Abdullah Haroon began in 1919 when she became a zealous
follower of Khilafat Movement in Sindh. In 1938, she was nominated to the Women's Central
Subcommittee of the All India Muslim League and was elected President of the Sindh
Provincial Women's Subcommittee. She worked day and night to bring Muslim women under
the banner of the All India Muslim League.

Lady Ghulam Hussain Hidayatullah

Sughra Begum was born in 1904 in a feudal family of Shikarpur. The name of this brave and
confident woman will always be remembered in the history of the Pakistan Movement.
During the crucial year of 1947, she took active participation in political processions. In
February 1947 she led a grand procession towards the Sindh Secretariat building and
hoisted the Muslim League flag on top of the building.
She was an educated Muslim woman and had extensive knowledge of Urdu, English, Sindhi,
and religion. The political and social career of Sughra Begum started after she got married
with a prominent leader of Sindh Sir Ghulam Hussain Hidayatullah. In 1938, she joined All
India Muslim League as a political worker and become a member of Women's Central
Subcommittee.
She worked day and night to establish branches of the Provincial Subcommittee that were
formed in different districts of Sindh such as Hyderabad, Nawabshah and Dadu. She was
elected the president of the Women Reception Committee on the annual session of the All
India Muslim League held in Karachi in 1943. During the independence riots, she took active
participation to relieve the refugees and performed services at the women refugee relief
committee.

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Begum Jehan Ara Shah Nawaz
The eminent activist of the movement had a long political journey. She was born in 1896 and
got her education at the Queen Mary College Lahore. She had devoted her life for the cause
of a separate nation for the Muslims of the subcontinent. She was an active member of the
All India Muslim Women's Conference and remained president of its provincial branch for
seven years. She was vice-president of the Central Committee of the All India Muslim
Women's Conference. She also offered her valuable services to many hospitals, maternity
and child welfare centers.
She was also associated with the education and orphanage committees of the Anjuman
Himayat-i-Islam, Lahore. She was the first woman to be elected as vice-president of the
Provincial Executive and was a member of the All Indian General Committee of the Red
Cross Society. She was a woman delegate to the Round Table Conference. In 1935, she
founded the Punjab Provincial Women's Muslim League. In 1937, she was elected as a
member of the Punjab Legislative Assembly and was appointed Parliamentary Secretary for
Education, Medical Relief and Public Health.
During her struggle, she faced much political turmoil. In 1942, the Government of India
appointed her as a member of the National Defense Council. Meanwhile, the Muslim League
called upon the League members to resign from the Defense Council. Upon refusing to
abide by its decision, she was dismissed from the Muslim League. She played an important
role during the Civil Disobedience Movement in Punjab in 1947, and was arrested along with
other Muslim League leaders.It was the year 1946, when she rejoined the League and was
elected as a member of the Punjab Assembly. The same year, she was sent along with M.
A. H. Isphahani on a goodwill mission to the United States of America. Their mission was to
explain the Muslim League's point of view.

Begum Viqar-un-Nisa Noon

Being a wife of a member of the viceroy cabinet, she had keen eye awareness of Indian
politics. During the independence struggle, she played an active and pivotal role in
spreading the message of Quaid-e-Azam to the Muslim Communities of Punjab region. She
organized election campaigns and became a member of the Punjab Provincial Women's
Subcommittee. She organized a group of girl students and enthusiastic women volunteers
and toured other districts of the province for promotion of the cause of the Muslim League.
During the civil disobedience movement in Punjab, Begum Noon was one of the leading
women leaders responsible for successfully organizing the processions and demonstrations.

Begum Tassaduq Hussain

Salma Mehmoda was born in 1908 in a literary and scholarly family. She was a graduate
from the University of Punjab. She was a writer, poet, translator and a devoted freedom
fighter. She was an active member of the Punjab Provincial Women Subcommittee and in
1940 she was elected as one of its secretaries. In 1941, she was nominated to the Council
of the All India Muslim League. In April 1943, she devoted her services to the Central
Subcommittee of the All India Muslim League. During the election of 1946, she successfully
contested on the Muslim League ticket for the Punjab Provincial Assembly seat from the
inner Lahore constituency, winning by an overwhelming majority.
She worked very hard during the Bihar riots, helped the Bihar refugees in their camps, and
stayed for nearly two months in the affected areas. She brought refugees from Bihar and
provided accommodation to many of them at her residence. During the civil disobedience

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movement, she went to NWFP (now Khyber Pakhtunkhwa) with her colleagues and gave
valuable guidance to the local population. During the Partition riots, as a Refugee Relief
Secretary in the provincial Muslim League office, she fulfilled the responsibilities of the
boarding and lodging of refugees in Walton and other camps.
Pakistan is a country that has seen a number of major milestones for women: in 1988
Benazir Bhutto became the first ever woman prime minister of a Muslim country; in 2008
Dr. Fehmida Mirza became the first woman to be elected as speaker of the National
Assembly in Pakistan; and in 2013 more than 100 women members were elected to the two
houses of parliament. Yet it is also a country where in 2005 activist Zubaida Begum was
killed because she defied anti-women traditions by participating in local elections and raising
women’s awareness of their right to vote; and where, during the May 2013 elections, in
violation of election rules and the agreed code of ethics, many women were barred from
voting, mainly in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province (Repila, 2013).

WOMEN ROLE IN STRENGHTENING MODERN DAY PAKISTAN:

The Strengthening Women’s Political participation initiative built on a long
struggle for women’s rights in Pakistan. Raising Her Voice (RHV) was one of the first global
campaigns to address both invisible and visible structural causes of gender injustice. It
sought to challenge social norms, empower women, increase their political participation and
change government policy.
In its early stages RHV benefitted over 187,000 women in Pakistan and globally reached an
estimated 700,000 women in 17 countries. The initiative has contributed to transformative
change at scale (a) nationally,
via leadership training and mobilization of local women and influencing of government policy
and (b) globally, via the coordination of diverse, locally relevant projects with a common
theme of gender and governance and the influencing of intergovernmental policies and
processes. This work continues today in Pakistan with subsequent initiatives building on and
expanding the approach.
Pakistan has some of the most exemplary women leaders working in diverse sectors from
agriculture to health to technology, making their mark in national and international front and
contributing to
Pakistan’s development. As part of International Women’s Day, we look at 10 Pakistani
women who are a role model for millions and are inspiring a generation of girls all around the
world.
Dr Sarah Qureshi – aerospace engineer:
Dr Sarah Qureshi is a Pakistani aerospace engineer who is considered a trailblazer for
women in Pakistan. She is working in a field where women make up a very tiny percentage
with the biggest gaps in technical and leadership positions. Dr Qureshi is developing the
world’s first contrail-free aircraft engine to reduce aviation induced global warming and make
air travel environmentally safe. “At Aero Engine Craft, we are devoted to offering a solution
to save the planet by reducing aviation’s climate impact due to contrails,” Dr Qureshi told
Gulf News in an interview. She has a Master’s degree in Aerospace Dynamics and a PhD in
Aerospace Propulsion, both from Cranfield University, UK.

Parveen Rahman: social activist and hero of the poor:

Parveen Rahman, a social activist is an unsung hero who fought poverty and tirelessly
worked to improve the lives of those living in poverty in Pakistan. In 1982, she joined the
Orangi Pilot Project (OPP) and dedicated her life to the development of the impoverished

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neighbour hoods particularly for the residents of Karachi’s Orangi Town, one of the largest
informal settlements in the world. “Parveen gave poor communities the confidence to realize
that they knew what was best for them and that achieving their goals was possible through
self-sufficiency and by lobbying the government to play its part,” her sister said. The
courageous woman was killed near her office in 2013 as many believed her work to secure
legal land rights for the poor enraged groups of land-grabbing criminals. Arif Pervez, a friend
of hers, said she had been receiving death threats for a long time, apparently from the mafia
involved in land grabbing.

Dr Sania Nishtar – health and development leader: Dr Sania Nishtar,

who is currently serving as Special Assistant of Prime Minister on Poverty Alleviation and
Social Protection, is
described as a passionate leader who “has a deep understanding of her field of work”. As a
leader in global health and development, Dr Nishtar is spearheading the government’s
flagship social protection programme, Ehsaas, improving the livelihoods of millions of
Pakistanis and supporting women empowerment. Dr Nishtar has dedicated her efforts to
reduce the widening gap between the rich and the poor, to protect the country’s most
vulnerable population and to improve health systems in Pakistan. She has a PhD from
King’s College London and has won several national and international accolades.

THE ROLE OF ULEMA AND MASHAIKH:

The history of the Indo-Pakistan subcontinent is replete with participation of Ulama and
Mashaikh in politics in order to defend the cause of faith.The Ulema and Mashaikh of the
Indo-Pak subcontinent played an active role in promoting the Pakistan Movement. After the
War of 1857 and termination of the Muslim rule, some of the Ulama had established
educational institutions for religious teaching in order to enable the younger generations to
protect the cause of the faith and solve day to day problems of life in the light of the Quran
and Sunnah. They had also started underground movements for the political awakening of
the Muslims.The Ulema’s tradition of participation in politics is very old. The Ulema belonged
to Chishtia, Qadria, Naqshbandia and Soharwardia and their followers actively supported the
two-nation theory which led to the Pakistan Resolution. The prominent names amongst them
are Allama Shabbir Ahmed Usmani, Maulana Ashraf Ali Thanvi, Maulana Abdul Hamid
Badayuni, Mufti Muhammad Shafi, Maulana Muhammad Ibrahim Sialkoti, Pir Ghulam
Mujadid Sirhandi, Amin-ul-Hasanat (Pir Sahib of Manki Sharif), Pir Sahib of Zakori
Sharif, Pir Jamaat Ali Shah, Maulana Sanaullah Amratsari, Maulana Rasheed.
This area, in fact, was under the personal influence of pro-Congress Ulema. Their influence
could only be countered through the Ulema of the same stature and size. Moreover, in
Sylhet, “ The Muslims were faced with a serious handicap, for through”. They formed 60.7%
of the population. They had only 54.27% of the total electoral roll . The AIML choice, to
counter the influence of pro-Congress Ulema fell on Maulana Zafar Ahmed Usmani.
Maulana was very popular amongst the Muslims of Bengal and Assam on account of his
learning, piety and candidness. He toured Sylhet and spent the Holy month of Ramzan and
explained the importance and need of Pakistan for the Muslims. He worked hard to organize
them and generate support for Pakistan. Thus the systematic and organized campaign of the
league in which Maulana Zafar Ahmed Usmani along with other Ulema played vital roles,

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resulted in a decisive victory. The voting was 239, 619 for separation and joining East
Bengal 181,041 against separation.
Pir Jamat Ali Shah: The most prominent name among the Ulema was Pir Jamat Ali Shah
who had millions of followers in the country. He was a staunch supporter of the Aligarh
Movement for which he contributed Lakhs of Rupees. He attended All India Sunni
Conference held in Benaras on 30th April, 1946.
Shaikh Ahmad Sirhindi did not hesitate to confront with the royal authority and put his life
at stake to light the torch for regeneration of Islamic spirit. It was kept alive in the through the
movement started by Shah Waliullah. In the first half of the 19th century Shah Abdul Aziz
intensified it and made it widespread. Later, Syed Ahmad Barelvi and Shah Ismail converted
it into Jihad Movement for the establishment of an Islamic state in the subcontinent. They
fought against the Sikh rulers of the Punjab and were martyred, fighting valiantly in the valley
of Balakot of spreading the will of Allah.
The second decade of the 20th century saw the World War One. At the end of the war the
Indian Muslim had to launch to Khilafat Movement.The British attitude against Turkey
outraged sentiments of the Indian Muslims. They started Khilafat Movement under Majilis-i-
Khilafat which became an effective organization of the Muslims. Almost all the prominent
Ulama like Maulana Mauhammad Ali Jauhar, Maulana Shaukat Ali, Maulana Abul
Kalam Azad, Maulana Zafar Ali Khan, Maulana Hasrat Mohani, Maulana Abdul Majid
Daryabadi, Maulana Abdul Bari of Farangi Mahal, Sayyed Sulaman Nadvi and Maulana
Hussain Hussain Ahmad Madni joined it.
Although the Ulama, by that time, had been taking part in the national politics through the
“Silk Handkerchief Movement” Tehrik-i-Hijrat” and “Majlis-i-Khilafat” yet they did not have
any organized platform from which they could participate in the political affairs of the country
in a systematic way. To meet this need the Ulama of Deoband fromed an organization,
Jamiatul-Ulama-i-Hind in 1919. As a result of it the Khilafat Movement became widespread
and popular amongst the Muslims masses.
ROLE OF ULEMA AND MASHAIKHS IN STRENGTHENING THE MODERN PAKISTAN:
President Dr. Arif Alvi has urged Ulema and Mashaikh to effectively use the platforms of
mosque and pulpit to educate people on social issues, including climate change, health,
cleanliness and equality.
He was addressing the opening session of National Rehmatul-lil-Alameen Conference in
connection with Eid Milad-un-Nabi (SAWW) celebrations in Islamabad on Friday.
The President said Ulema should disseminate information about Clean and Green Pakistan,
stunting, hereditary rights of women and communicable diseases.
He said our Prophet Muhammad Hazrat Muhammad (SAWW) especially focused on equality
in society, rights of the poor, environmental protection and cleanliness. He underlined the
need for following the teachings and life of Prophet Muhammad (SAWW) for solution to our
all social problems.The President commended the role played by the religious scholars in
the successful fight against Covid-19. Referring to the improvement on the economic front,
he was confident Pakistan will emerge as a strong nation.Arif Alvi strongly condemned the
attacks being made on the holy personalities of Islam in the European countries saying they
have no realization and regard for the sentiments of Muslims. He said patronage of
blasphemous acts in those countries at the state level including the statement of the French
President will only create friction in their own societies. Instead of focusing on
points of sectarian differences, religious
scholars should highlight and Propagate those areas of
jurisprudence and respective interpretations of Quran and Sunnah

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For which all the religious sects are in agreement. • All
schools of thought should take practical measures to stop the ill-educated and contentious
‘clerics’ from leading prayers and delivering sermons in mosques.
• Sectarianism should be eliminated, particularly these steps need
utmost attention:
(i) Speeches and writings that hurt the sentiments of others should be prohibited. (ii) All
religious scholars ought to stop their followers from raising exciting slogans In the name of
fatwas, or religious decrees.
(iii) People should be informed about the intrigues of local and
international Conspirators with regard to fomenting differences among Muslims.
• Mutual respect and tolerance should be promoted while having difference of opinions.
• A book, based on the beliefs of various schools of thoughts, should be complied where the
Belief of each sect should be described by the prominent religious scholars of the concerned
Sect.
• To eliminate sectarianism, Quran and Sunnah should be made focal points.
• The use of loudspeaker should be controlled and a code of ethics should be chalked out in
That regard.
• A national-level forum should be formed which should
comprise prominent religious Scholars and Muftis (expounders
and interpreters of Islamic law). Only this forum should Have authority to issue a fatwa.
• Special activities/events should be promoted which bring
together scholars from all religious Sects, or schools of thoughts. Tradition of participating in
each other’s festivities and Mourning
should be encouraged.

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