2

Chapter 1 Number Systems

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3

Q & A (P.1.2) 100x = 52.525 2… .......... (2)

1. 48 = 1  48 (2)  (1): 99x = 52
48 = 2  24
x=
48 = 3  16
48 = 4  12 ∴ =
48 = 6  8
(b) Let x = .
∴ All the factors of 48 are 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16,
x = 0.106 060 6… ..... (1)
24 and 48.
100x = 10.606 06… ........ (2)
(2)  (1): 99x = 10.5
2. 75 = 1  75
75 = 3  25 x=

75 = 5  15
=
∴ All the factors of 75 are 1, 3, 5, 15, 25 and 75.
∴ =
3. 2 + 3 + 4 + 6 + 8 + 12 + 16 + 24 = 75
3 + 5 + 15 + 25 = 48
Instant Drill 3 (P.1.15)
The sum of all the factors of a number (except 1 and
(a) i  i) =   1)i
the number itself) is the other number.
= –12i
(b) (2i  3i)(2i + 3i) = [(2  3)i][(2 + 3)i]
Instant Drill 1 (P.1.4)
= (i)(5i)
(a) Let x = .
= 5i2
x = 0.444 4… ............ (1)
= 5(1)
10x = 4.444 4… ............ (2)
=5
(2)  (1): 9x = 4
(c) 7i  2i = (7  2)i1 + 3
3

x= = 14i4
= 14(i2)(i2)
∴ =
= 14(1)(1)
(b) Let x = . = 14
x = 0.077 77… ........... (1)
10x = 0.777 7… ............ (2)
(2)  (1): 9x = 0.7

x=
(d) = 3i4  1
∴ =
= 3i3
= 3(i2)(i)
= 3(1)(i)
Instant Drill 2 (P.1.5) = 3i
(a) Let x = .
x = 0.525 252… ........ (1) Instant Drill 4 (P.1.15)

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 Chapter 1: Number Systems 4

(a)  = i
= 7i  i Instant Drill 8 (P.1.19)
= (7  1)i
(a) =
= 6i
(b) = =
= (2i)(10i)
= 20i2 =
= 20(1)
= 20 =

=
Instant Drill 5 (P.1.16)
(a) (3 + 4i) + (1  8i) = (3 + 1) + [4 + (8)]i
(b) =
= 2  4i
(b) (1 + 4i)  (2 + 5i) = (1  2) + (4  5)i
=
= 1  i
=
Instant Drill 6 (P.1.17)
(a) (2 + i) + (5  6i)  (7  3i) =
= (2 + 5  7) + [1 + (6)  (3)]i
=
= 4  2i
(b) (8 + 9i)  (3 + i) + (1  4i) = 1  4i
= (8  3 + 1) + [9  1 + (4)]i
= 6 + 4i Instant Drill 9 (P.1.20)

(a) =
Instant Drill 7 (P.1.18)
(a) 2i(1 + 6i) = 2i + 12i2 =
= 2i + 12(1)
= 12 + 2i =
(b) (1  2i)(2 + i) = (1  2i)(2) + (1  2i)(i)
= 2  4i + i  2i2 =

= 2  3i  2(1)
=
= 4  3i
=1i
(c) (3i + 4)2 = (3i)2 + 2(3i)(4) + 42 (b) =
= 9i2 + 24i + 16
= 9(1) + 24i + 16 =
= 7 + 24i
(d) (2  7i)(2 + 7i) = (2)2  (7i)2 =

= 4  49i2
=
= 4  49(1)
= 53 = 2  11i

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5 Solutions

= 1 + i
Instant Drill 10 (P.1.20)
∴ =
(a) =
=
=
=
=
(b) =
= 2k  3i  k
= k  3i =

(b) (4  k)  =
=
=
=

= = 1 + 5i

= =

= 4  k  2ki + k =
= 4  2ki
=
Instant Drill 11 (P.1.21)
=
(a) =
=1i
= ∴ = (1 + 5i) + (1  i)

= = (1 + 1) + (5  1)i
= 2 + 4i
=

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 Chapter 1: Number Systems 6

Instant Drill 12 (P.1.22) 100x = 51.515 1… ....... (2)

(x + yi)  (3y + xi) = 7 + 3i (2)  (1): 99x = 51
(x  3y) + (y  x)i = 7 + 3i
x=
∴
(1) + (2): y = 10 =
y = 5
∴ =
Substitute y = 5 into (2).
5  x = 3
x = 8 Instant Drill Corner 1.2 (P.1.9)
1. =
Instant Drill Corner 1.1 (P.1.7)
1. (a) 4 is a natural number. 2. =
(b) = 3 = 4i

(c) 6.2 is a terminating decimal. 3. =

(d)
4. =
(e) = 5i

2. (a) Let x = . Instant Drill Corner 1.3 (P.1.11)

x = 0.888 8… .......... (1) 1. The real part is 1 and the imaginary part is 3.

10x = 8.888 8… .......... (2)

(2)  (1): 9x = 8 2. The real part is 2 and the imaginary part is 7.

x=
3. The real part is 8 and the imaginary part is .

∴ =
4. 5i  4 = 4 + 5i
(b) Let x = .
The real part is  and the imaginary part is 5.
x = 0.131 313… ..... (1)
100x = 13.131 3… ....... (2)
5. =0+
(2)  (1): 99x = 13

x=

∴ = 6. 9 = 9 + 0i
The real part is 9 and the imaginary part is 0.

7. =6+

(c) Let x = .
8. 8=  8 = 8 + 2i
x = 0.515 151… ..... (1)
The real part is  and the imaginary part is 2.

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7 Solutions

= 25 + 20i + 4(1)
Instant Drill Corner 1.4 (P.1.22) = 21 + 20i
1. (a) 2(i  3i) = 2(1  3)i
(e) =
= 4i
(b) (5i  4i)(5i + 4i) = [(5  4)i][(5 + 4)i] =
= (i)(9i)
= 9i2 =
= 9(1) = 4  6i
= 9
(c) i  8i3 = (1  8)i1 + 3 (f) =

= 8i4
=
= 8(i2)(i2)
= 8(1)(1)
=
=8

(d) = 3i6  3 =

= 3i3 =
= 3(i2)(i) = 1 + 3i
= 3(1)(i)
= 3i
3. (a)  ki =  ki
(e) =
= 3i  2i
=  ki
= (3  2)i
=i =  ki
(f) =
= ki  3  ki
= (5i)(6i)
= 3 + (k  k)i
= 30i2
= 3  2ki
= 30(1)
= 30 (b) (1 + ki) + = (1 + ki) +

2. (a) (2  8i) + (1 + 4i) = (2 + 1) + (8 + 4)i

= 3  4i
= (1 + ki) +
(b) (3 + 5i)  (7  6i) = (3  7) + [5  (6)]i
= 10 + 11i = (1 + ki) +
(c) (3 + i)(9  2i) = (3 + i)(9) + (3 + i)(2i)
= 27 + 9i  6i  2i2 = (1 + ki) +
= 27 + 3i  2(1)
= 29 + 3i = (1 + ki) +

= (1 + ki) + (ki 2k)

(d) (5 + 2i)2 = 52 + 2(5)(2i) + (2i)2 = (1  2k) + (k + k)i
= 25 + 20i + 4i2

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 Chapter 1: Number Systems 8

= 1  2k + 2ki

4. (a) (8 + yi)  (y + xi) = 4x  5i (h) Both the real part and the imaginary part of a
[8  (y)] + (y  x)i = 4x  5i complex number are not necessarily integers.
(8 + y) + (y  x)i = 4x  5i ∴ The statement is false.
∴
2. (a) 3 and 8 are natural numbers.
(1)  (2): 8 + x = 4x + 5 (b) 6 and 15 are negative integers.
3 = 3x
(c) =
x=1
Substitute x = 1 into (2).
y  1 = 5
y = 4 rational numbers.
(b) (y + xi) + (3x + yi) = 1 + 7i
(d)
(y  3x) + (x + y)i = 1 + 7i
∴

3. (a) = 0.666 666… =

(2)  (1): 4x = 8
∴
x=2
Substitute x = 2 into (2).
2+y=7 (b) = 0.2
y=5
∴

Exercise 1A (P.1.11)
1. (a) ∵ Zero is neither positive nor negative.
decimal.
∴ The statement is false.
(c) = 4.181 818… =
(b) Any integer x can be written as .
∴
∴ The statement is true.
(c) Both rational numbers and irrational numbers
are real numbers. decimal.

∴ The statement is false. (d) = 0.325

(d) The statement is true. ∴
(e)  is an irrational number but it is not expressed
with radical sign.
decimal.
∴ The statement is false.
(f) All irrational numbers can be expressed as non-
terminating and non-recurring decimals.
∴ The statement is true.
(g) The statement is true.

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9 Solutions

∴ =

4. (a) 12 belongs to the types of numbers represented

by N, Z, Q, R and C.
7. Let x = .
(b) 81 belongs to the types of numbers represented
x = 4.222 2… ............... (1)
by Z, Q, R and C.
10x = 42.222 2… ............. (2)
(c)
(2)  (1): 9x = 38

x=
by R and C.
(d) = ∴ =

represented by C.
8. Let x = .
(e)
x = 0.155 55… .......... (1)
represented by Q, R and C.
10x = 1.555 5… ............ (2)
(f) 1  =1 (2)  (1): 9x = 1.4

=1 x=
= 1  2i
=

∴ =
represented by C.

9. The real part is  and the imaginary part is 1.

5. Let x = .
x = 0.111 1… .......... (1) 10. 5i  = + 5i
10x = 1.111 1… .......... (2)
(2)  (1): 9x = 1

x=
11. 4i = 0  4i

∴ = The real part is 0 and the imaginary part is 4.

12. 1 + = (1 + ) + 0i
6. Let x = .
x = 1.333 3… ............ (1)
10x = 13.333 3… .......... (2)
13. (a)
(2)  (1): 9x = 12
(or other reasonable answers)
x= (b)

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 Chapter 1: Number Systems 10

(c) =1+4=5
∴
(or other reasonable answers)
(d) 2 + 2 = 4
(c) 1 + i and 2  3i are complex numbers but not
∴ The result of 2 + 2 is an irrational
real numbers. (or other reasonable answers)
number.

14. (a) The statement is true.

(e) =
(b) Consider and .
=12
=0
= 1
 and are irrational numbers while 0
is a rational number. ∴
∴ The statement is false.
number.
(c) Consider and .
= (f) =
∴
= 2
 and are irrational numbers while 2
number.
is a rational number.
∴ The statement is false.
17. (a) x + 6 = 0

15. (a) = x = 6

∵ The imaginary part of is not 0. ∴ The equation has solution in rational

∴ The statement is false. numbers, real numbers and complex

(b) 7 + 0i = 7, which is a real number. numbers.

∴ The statement is false. (b) x = 12

2

(c) The statement is true. x=

(d) Real numbers can be classified as rational ∴ The equation has solutions in real numbers

numbers or irrational numbers, but and complex numbers.

is not a real number. (c) 5x = 52

∴ The statement is false. x2 = 1

x=
=
16. (a) = =2 ∴ The equation has solutions in complex
∴ numbers.

(d) x2 =

(b) = x=
∴
∴ The equation has solutions in rational
numbers, real numbers and complex
numbers.
number.

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11 Solutions

1  2x = 5
18. Let x = . 2x = 4
x = 0.242 424… .......... (1) x = 2
100x = 24.242 4… ............ (2) (b) Real part of the complex number = 3x  4
(2)  (1): 99x = 24 = 3(2)  4
= 10
x=

∴ =

19. Let x = . 23. (a) Since z is a real number,

x = 0.075 757 5… ......... (1) the imaginary part of z = 0

100x = 7.575 75… .............. (2) x+3=0

(2)  (1): 99x = 7.5 x = 3

(b) Since z is a purely imaginary number, the real
x=
part of z = 0 and the imaginary part of z  0.
= ∴ x1=0 and x  3
x=1 and x  3
∴ = ∴ x=1

20. Let x = . Exercise 1B (P.1.23)

1. (a) 4  i = 4i
x = 1.263 636 3… ........ (1)
100x = 126.363 63… ......... (2) (b) =
(2)  (1): 99x = 125.1
(c) 2i + 7i = (2 + 7)i
x=
= 9i
(d) 18i  6i = (18  6)i
=
= 12i
∴ = (e) 3i  i = 3i2
= 3(1)
= 3
21. Let x = .
x = 1.301 301 301… ......... (1) (f) =
1 000x = 1 301.301 301… ......... (2)
=4
(2)  (1): 999x = 1 300

x= 2. (a) 9(i + 5i) = 9(1 + 5)i

= 54i
∴ = (b) 4i  10i + i = (4  10 + 1)i
= 5i
(c) (8i  3i)(8i + 3i) = [(8  3)i][(8 + 3)i]
22. (a) Imaginary part = 5
= (5i)(11i)

© Oxford University Press 2014

 Chapter 1: Number Systems 12

= 55i2 = 18i2
= 55(1) = 18(1)
= 55 = 18
(d) i = (i )(i)
3 2
(c) =
= (1)(i)
= i =

=5

(e) 5i3  2i = (5  2)i3 + 1

5. (a) 6i + (4 + i) = 4 + (6 + 1)i
= 10i4
= 4 + 7i
= 10(i2)(i2)
(b) (1  5i) + (7 + 2i) = (1 + 7) + (5 + 2)i
= 10(1)(1)
= 8  3i
= 10
(c) (8 + i) + (3  3i) = [8 + (3)] + [1 + (3)]i
(f) = 2i 5–3
= 5  2i

= 2i2
6. (a) (9 + i)  2i = 9 + (1  2)i
= 2(1)
=9i
= 2
(b) (6 + 4i)  (10  3i) = (6  10) + [4  (3)]i
=  4 + 7i
3. (a) =
(c) (1 + 7i)  (12  7i) = (1  12) + [7  (7)]i
= 3i + i
= 13 + 14i
= (3 + 1)i
= 4i
7. (a) i(6 + i) = 6i + i2
(b) =
= 1  6i
= 4i  2i
(b) (2 + i)(3  i) = (2 + i)(3) + (2 + i)(i)
= (4  2)i
= 6 + 3i  2i  i2
= 2i
= 6 + i  (1)
(c) =
=7+i
= 8i  11i
(c) (6  4i)(8  3i) = (6  4i)(8) + (6  4i)(3i)
= (8  11)i
= 48  32i  18i + 12i2
= 3i
= 48  50i + 12(1)
= 36  50i
4. (a) =i
= i(5i)
= 5i2 8. (a) (4  i)2 = 42  2(4)(i) + i2
= 16  8i + i2
= 5(1)
= 16  8i + (1)
= 5
(b) = = 15  8i

= (6i)(3i) (b) (2 + 7i) = 22 + 2(2)(7i) + (7i)2

2

© Oxford University Press 2014

13 Solutions

= 4 + 28i + 49i2 = (1)(1)(i)

= 4 + 28i + 49(1) =i
= 45 + 28i (b) i = (i2)4
8

(c) (5  2i)(5 + 2i) = 52  (2i)2 = (1)4

= 25  4i2 =1
= 25  4(1) (c) i = (i2)2n
4n

= 29 = (1)2n
=1

9. (a) =
(d) i4n + 3 = (i4n)(i3)
= (1)(i2)(i)
=
= (1)(i)
= = i

= 11. (3  5i) + (a + bi) = 5  i

(3 + a) + (5 + b)i = 5  i
(b) =
∴ 3+a =5

= a =2
5 + b = 1
= b =4

= 12. (x  yi) + (3 + xi) = y + 9i

(x + 3) + (y + x)i = y + 9i
=
∴
= 1 + 2i From (1), x + y = 3 ............. (3)
(2) + (3): 2x = 6
(c) =
x=3

= Substitute x = 3 into (1).

3 + 3 = y
= y = 6

= 13. (6x + yi)  (y + 2xi) = 1 + 7i

(6x  y) + (y  2x)i = 1 + 7i
=
∴

= (1) + (2): 4x = 8
x=2
Substitute x = 2 into (2).
10. (a) i5 = (i2)(i2)(i)
y  2(2) = 7

© Oxford University Press 2014

 Chapter 1: Number Systems 14

y = 11 = 13 + 11i
(d) (1 + 5i)  (18  12i)  (30 + 22i)
= [1  18  ( + [5  (12)  22]i
14. (a) = 7i6 – 1
= 13  5i
= 7i 5

= 7(i2)(i2)(i)
= 7(1)(1)(i)
= 7i

17. (a) (1 + 5i)(10  2i)

= (1 + 5i)(10) + (1 + 5i)(2i)
(b) =
= 10  50i + 2i  10i2
= (8  3)(i ) 6
= 10  48i  10(1)
= 24(i2)3
= 20  48i
= 24(1)3
(b) (12 + 7i)(12  7i) = 122  (7i)2
= 24
= 144  49i2
(c) 5i + 4i  i = 5(i ) (i) + 4(i )(i)  i
7 3 2 3 2
= 144  49(1)
= 5(1)3(i) + 4(1)(i)  i
= 193
= 5i  4i  i
(c) (9  10i) = 9  2(9)(10i) + (10i)2
2 2

= 10i
= 81  180i + 100i2
= 81  180i + 100(1)
15. (a) =
= 19  180i
=
(d) (4  5i)(8 + i)(1  2i)
=
= = [(4  5i)(8) + (4  5i)(i)](1  2i)

(b) = = (32 + 40i + 4i  5i2)(1  2i)

= = [32 + 44i  5()](1  2i)
= = (27 + 44i)(1  2i)
= = (27 + 44i)(1) + (27 + 44i)(2i)
(c) = = 27 + 44i + 54i  88i2
=
= 27 + 98i  88(1)
=
= 61 + 98i
=
=
18. (a) =
16. (a) (8 + i) + (2  5i) + (1 + 3i)
= [8 + 2 + (1)] + [1 + (5) + 3]i =
=9i
(b) (3 + 2i) + (7  i)  (5 + 4i) =

= (3 + 7  5) + [2 + (1)  4]i
=
= 5  3i
(c) (2 + 12i)  (6  i) + (9  2i)
=
= [2  (6) + 9] + [12  (1) + (2)]i

© Oxford University Press 2014

15 Solutions

= 4 + 8i

(b) =

= (f) =

= =

= =

= =

=  3 + 2i
=
(c) =
=  3 + 5i

=
19. (a) =
=
=
=
=
(d) =
= 2ki + (ki )
= 4 + [2k + (k)]i
=
= 4 + ki

= (b)  (5  ki) =  (5  ki)

= =  (5  ki)

= =  (5  ki)

= =  (5  ki)

= (3ki + k)  (5  ki)
(e) =
= (k  5) + [3k  (k)]i
= = k  5 + 4ki

20. (a) i3(3 + 5i)  (8  i) = (i2)(i)(3 + 5i)  (8  i)

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 Chapter 1: Number Systems 16

= (1)(3i + 5i2)  (8  i)
=
= [3i + 5(1)]  (8  i)
= (3i + 5)  (8  i) =
= (5  8) + [3  (1)]i
= 3  2i =

(b) (32 + 9i)  (6  11i)(1 + 2i)

= (32 + 9i)  (6  11i + 12i  22i2) =
= (32 + 9i)  [6 + i  22(1)]
= (32 + 9i)  (28 + i) =
= (32  28) + (9  1)i
= 4 + 8i =
(c) (4 + 5i)2 + (2 + 8i)
= [42 + 2(4)(5i) + (5i)2] + (2 + 8i) =

= (16 + 40i + 25i2) + (2 + 8i)

=
= [16 + 40i + 25(1)] + (2 + 8i)
= (9 + 40i) + (2 + 8i) ∴ =
= (9 + 2) + (40 + 8)i
= 7 + 48i

(d) = =

=
=

(b) =
=

= 2  3i =

∴ (7 + 10i) +
=
= (7 + 10i) + (2  3i)
= [(7) + 2] + [10 + (3)]i =

= 5 + 7i =5i

=
21. (a) =
=
=

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17 Solutions

= =

= =

= 1  3i
=
∴
=1i
= (1  9i)  (1  3i)2
∴ = (5  i) + (1  i)
= (1  9i)  [12  2(1)(3i) + (3i)2]
= (5 + 1) + [(1) + (1)]i
= (1  9i)  (1  6i + 9i2)
= 6  2i
= (1  9i)  [1  6i + 9(1)]
= (1  9i)  (8  6i)
= [1 )] + [(9)  (6)]i
= 9  3i

22. (a) =

= 24. (2  i)(a + bi) = 5 + 20i

2a  ai + 2bi  bi2 = 5 + 20i
=
2a  ai + 2bi  b() = 5 + 20i
(2a + b) + (a + 2b)i = 5 + 20i
=
∴
=2+i
(1)  2: a + 2b = 10 .......... (3)
(b) = (2 + i) 2 (3)  (2): 5a = 10
a = 2
= 22 + 2(2)(i) + i2
Substitute a = 2 into (1).
= 4 + 4i + i2
 + b = 5
= 4 + 4i + (1)
b=
= 3 + 4i

25. (a + 3i)(2 + 3i) = 2a  6i + 3ai + 9i2

23. = = 2a  6i + 3ai + 9(1)
= (2a  9) + (6 + 3a)i
=
∵ The result of (a + 3i)(2 + 3i) is a real number.
∴ 6 + 3a = 0
=
3a = 6
= 1  9i a=2
=

26. =
=

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 Chapter 1: Number Systems 18

x = 7.444 4… ............ (1)

=
10x = 74.444 4… .......... (2)
= 3  xi (2)  (1): 9x = 67
∴ (2x + yi)  = y + 4i x=
(2x + yi)  (3  xi) = y + 4i
[2x  (3)] + [y  (x)]i = y + 4i ∴ =
(2x + 3) + (y + x)i = y + 4i
∴
5. Let x = .
From (1), 2x + y = 3 ............ (3)
x = 0.055 55… ............ (1)
(3)  (2): x = 7
10x = 0.555 5… .............. (2)
Substitute x = 7 into (2).
(2)  (1): 9x = 0.5
y + (7) = 4
y = 11 x=

∴ =
Supplementary Exercise 1 (P.1.27)
1. (a) 3 and 14 are positive integers.
(b) 6, 0, 3 and 14 are integers.
(c) 6. Let x = .
x = 1.266 66… ............. (1)
10x = 12.666 6… ............. (2)
(2)  (1): 9x = 11.4

(d) x=

=
2. (a) = 5
∴ =

(b) = = 2i
7. (a) The real part is 9 and the imaginary part is 3.
(b) 5=  5 = 5 +

3. (a)
.
(c) = = 0  2i
decimals. The real part is 0 and the imaginary part is 2.
(b)

8. (a) 3i(6i  i) = 3i(5i)

decimals. = 15i2
= 15(1)

4. Let x = . = 15

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19 Solutions

(b) =
11. (a) (2 + i)(i  7) = (2 + i)(i)  (2 + i)(7)
= = 2i + i2  14  7i
= 14  5i + i2
= = 14  5i + (1)
= 15  5i
=
(b) 1  2i(5 + i) = 1  10i  2i2
= 1  10i  2(1)
=
= 3  10i
(c) (5i + 2i)4 = (3i)4 (c) (4 + 3i) = (4)2 + 2(4)(3i) + (3i)2
2

= 81i 4
= 16  24i + 9i2
= 81(i )(i )2 2
= 16  24i + 9(1)
= 81(1)(1) = 7  24i
= 81

9. (a) = 12. (a) =

= 7i + 2i
= 9i =
(b) =
= (4i)(9i) =

= 36i2
=
= 36(1)
= 36 (b) =
(c) =
=
=

=5 =

10. (a) (i + 1) + (3  4i) = (1 + 3) + (1  4)i =

= 4  3i
(b) (2  7i) + (5 + 8i) = [2 + (5)] + (7 + 8)i =

= 3 + i
(c) (4 + 2i)  (9  3i) = (4  9) + [2  (3)]i =

=  5 + 5i

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 Chapter 1: Number Systems 20

∴
(c) =

= integer.

= 16. (a) =
∴
= 1  8i
irrational.
13. x + 2yi = (3  3xi) + (2y + i) (b) = =
∴
x + 2yi = (3 + 2y) + (3x + 1)i
∴
(c) + = 3.495 093…
Substitute (2) into (1).
The result of + is a non-terminating
x = 3 3x + 1
4x = 4 and non-recurring decimal.
∴
x=1
Substitute x = 1 into (1).
irrational.
1 = 3 + 2y
2 = 2y
17. (a) Let x = .
y = 1
x = 0.535 353… ........... (1)
100x = 53.535 3… ............. (2)

(2)  (1): 99x = 53

14. (2x + yi)  (y  3xi) = 1 + 9i
(2x  y) + [y  (3x)]i = 1 + 9i x=
(2x  y) + (y + 3x)i = 1 + 9i
∴ =
∴
(1) + (2): 5x = 10 (b) Let x = .
x=2 x = 1.018 181 8… ......... (1)
Substitute x = 2 into (1). 100x = 101.818 18… .......... (2)
2(2)  y = 1 (2)  (1): 99x = 100.8
4y=1 x=
y=3
=
15. (a) =
∴ ∴ =

(c) Let x = .
(b) = =
x = 3.063 063 063… ..... (1)
1 000x = 3 063.063 063… ..... (2)
∴
(2)  (1): 999x = 3 060

(c) = = 3 x=

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21 Solutions

x = 0.146 464 6… .. (1)

=
100x = 14.646 46…...... (2)
∴ = (2)  (1): 99x = 14.5

x=

18. (a) Let x = .

=
x = 0.222 2… ......... (1)
10x = 2.222 2… ......... (2) Let y = .

(2)  (1): 9x = 2 y = 0.333 3… ......... (3)

10y = 3.333 3… ......... (4)
x=
(4)  (3): 9y = 3
Let y = .
y=
y = 3.505 050… .... (3)
100y = 350.505 0… .... (4) =
(4)  (3): 99y = 347
∴  =xy
y=
=
∴ + =x+y
=
= +

(b) Let x = . 19. (a) =

x = 0.833 33… ....... (1) =

= 2a (∵ a > 0)
10x = 8.333 3… ......... (2)
∵ a is a positive rational number.
(2)  (1): 9x = 7.5
∴ The result is rational.
x= (b)
=
=
=
Let y = . = (∵ a > 0)
y = 2.727 272… ..... (3) ∵ a is a positive rational number and is

100y = 272.727 2… ..... (4) an irrational number.

(4)  (3): 99y = 270 ∴ The result is irrational.

y=
20. (a) Consider p = 3 and q = 2.
∴  = xy = =
3 and 2 are real numbers while is not a
=
real number.
∴ The statement is false.
=
(b) Consider a = 1.
(c) Let x = . x2  a = 0

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 Chapter 1: Number Systems 22

x2  (1) = 0
(b) =
x2 + 1 = 0
x2 = 1
=
x=
1 is a rational number while is not a
=
real number.
∴ The statement is false.
=

=1
21. (a) Since z is a real number, the imaginary part of
(c) =
z = 0.
=
∴ 8  2x) = 0
=
8  2x = 0 =
x=4 =
(b) Since z is a purely imaginary number, the real (d)
part of z = 0 and the imaginary part of z  0. =
∴ x+5 =0 and 8  2x)  0 =
x = 5 and x4 =0
∴ x = 5

22. (a) Since z is a real number,

the imaginary part of z = 0 24. (a) i + i2 + i3 + i4
x+2=0 = i + i2 + (i2)(i) + (i2)(i2)
x = 2 = i + (1) + (1)(i) + (1)(1)
(b) Since z is a purely imaginary number, the real =0
part of z = 0 and the imaginary part of z  0. (b) i + i2 + i3 + … + i14
∴ 3x + 6 = 0 and x + 2  0 = (i + i2 + i3 + i4) + i4(i + i2 + i3 + i4) +
x = 2 and x  2 i8(i + i2 + i3 + i4) + i13 + i14
∴ There is not a real number x such that z is a = 0 + i4(0) + i8(0) + (i2)6(i) + (i2)7
purely imaginary number. = (1)6(i) + (1)7
= i + (1)
= 1 + i
23. (a) =
(c) i + i2 + i3 + i4 + … + i4k
= = (i + i2 + i3 + i4) + i4(i + i2 + i3 + i4) + … +
i4(k  1)(i + i2 + i3 + i4)
= =0+0+…+0
=0
=
∴ i + i2 + i3 + … + i4k is a real number.
=
25. (a) (14  5i) + 11i  (9 + 6i)
= (14  9) + (5 + 11  6)i

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23 Solutions

=5
=
(b) (10 + 2i)  (21  8i)  (1 + 15i)
= (10  21  1) + [2  (8)  15]i = 5k  (4i  k)

= 12  5i = (5k  k) + 4i
= 4k + 4i
(c) (2 + 14i)(3  6i)
= (2 + 14i)(3)  (2 + 14i)(6i) (b)
= 6 + 42i  12i  84i 2

= 6 + 30i  84(1) = + (k  6i)

= 90 + 30i
(d) (2  3i)(4  2i)(8  i) = + (k  6i)
= [(2  3i)(4)  (2  3i)(2i)](8  i)
= (8  12i  4i + 6i2)(8  i) = + (k  6i)

= [8  16i + 6(1)](8  i)
= (2  16i)(8  i) = + (k  6i)

= (2  16i)(8)  (2  16i)(i) = (i + k) + (k  6i)

= 16  128i  2i + 16i2 = (k + k) + (1  6)i
= 16  130i + 16(1) = 2k  5i
= 130i

27. (a) (1 + i)2 = 12 + 2(1)(i) + i2

= 1 + 2i + (1)
= 2i
(e) i(6 + 2i)2 = i[62 + 2(6)(2i) + (2i)2]
= i(36 + 24i + 4i2) (b) (1 + i)10 = [(1 + i)2]5
= i[36 + 24i + 4(1)] = (2i)5
= i(32 + 24i) = 25i5
= 32i + 24i 2
= 32(i2)(i2)(i)
= 32i + 24(1) = 32(1)(1)(i)
= 24 + 32i = 32i
(f) =

28. (a) =
=

= =

= =

=  4 + 9i =

=3+i
26. (a) =
∴ = (3 + i)  (4  7i)

= = (3  4) + [1  (7)]i

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 Chapter 1: Number Systems 24

=  1 + 8i
=
(b) =
=
=
=
=
=
=
(b) Real part =
=
Imaginary part =
=
∴ =
= k + 12 = 4  3k
=3+i 4k = 8
k = 2
(c) =

=2

(d) =
30. (3 + 2i)(x + yi) = 3  11i
= 3x + 2xi + 3yi + 2yi2 = 3  11i
3x + (2x + 3y)i + 2y(1) = 3  11i
= (3x  2y) + (2x + 3y)i = 3  11i
∴
=

(1)  3: 9x  6y = 9 .................... (3)

=
(2)  2: 4x + 6y = 22 ................ (4)
=4+i (3) + (4): 13x = 13

∴ = (4 + i)2 x = 1
Substitute x = 1 into (2).
= 42 + 2(4)(i) + i2 2(1) + 3y = 11
= 16 + 8i + (1) 3y = 9
= 15 + 8i y = 3

29. (a) = 31. (2a + 7i)  (12  4i) = (2a  12) + [7  (4)]i

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25 Solutions

= (2a  12) + 11i

=
Since the result of (2a + 7i)  (12  4i) is a purely
imaginary number, the real part = 0. =
∴ 2a  12 = 0
=2i
2a = 12
a =6 (b) 4x + i =

4x + i = (2  i)(3y + xi)
32. (a + bi)(10 + 25i)
4x + i = 6y  3yi + 2xi  xi2
= 10a  10bi + 25ai + 25bi2
4x + i = 6y + (2x  3y)i  x(1)
= 10a + (25a  10b)i + 25b(1)
4x + i = (x + 6y) + (2x  3y)i
= (10a + 25b) + (25a  10b)i
∴
Since the result of (a + bi)(10 + 25i) is a real
number,
From (1), 3x = 6y
the imaginary part = 0.
x = 2y ................... (3)
∴ 25a  10b = 0
Substitute (3) into (2).
25a = 10b
1 = 2(2y)  3y
= y=1
Substitute y = 1 into (3).
∴ a:b=2:5
x = 2(1)
=2
33. (a) 3m + n = 7
When m = 1, 3(1) + n = 7
n=4
When m = 2, 3(2) + n = 7
n=1
∴ m = 1, n = 4 or m = 2, n = 1.
(b) (3x + yi)(1  i)
= 3x + yi  3xi  yi2
35. A
= 3x + (y  3x)i  y(1)
I. I must be true.
= (3x + y) + (y  3x)i
II. Recurring decimals are real numbers and real
Real part of z = 7
numbers are complex numbers. Hence,
3x + y = 7
recurring decimals are complex numbers.
From (a), x = 1, y = 4 or x = 2, y = 1.
∴ II is not true
∵ x<y
III. Consider 0 and .
∴ x = 1 and y = 4.
0   = 0, which is a rational number.
∴ III may not be true.
34. (a) = ∴ Only I must be true.

= 36. D

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 Chapter 1: Number Systems 26

41. D
I. =
A. (9 + 4i)  (14 + 6i) = 5  2i
∴ The result of I is a rational number.
B. (3  10i) + (8  8i) = 5  18i
II. =1 C. (2  3i)(1 + i) = 2  3i + 2i  3i2
= 2  i  3(1)
∴ The result of II is a rational number.
=5i
III. + = + =
D. =
∴ The result of III is a rational number.
∴ I, II and III give the results in rational numbers. =

37. B =
4i  3 = 3 + 4i
=
∴ The real part is 3 and the imaginary part is 4.
= 5  2i
38. D ∴ The answer is D.
=
= 42. A
= 72(i2)(i) (2  i)(2m + i)
= 72(1)(i) = 4m  2mi + 2i  i2
= 72i = 4m + (2  2m)i  (1)
= (1 + 4m) + (2  2m)i
39. D ∴ The imaginary part is 2  2m.
The conjugate of 5  6i is 5 + 6i.

40. C
I. ai  bi = (a  b)i 43. C
∴ The result of I may not be a real number.
= 3x 
II. ai  bi =
= 3x 
∴ The result of II must be a real number.
III. (a + bi)(a  bi) = a2  (bi)2
= 3x 
= a2 + b2
= 3x  (xi  5)
∴ The result of III must be a real number.
= (3x + 5) + xi
∴ Only II and III must give the results in real
numbers.
44. C

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27 Solutions

i(a + bi) = 1 + 3i
ai + bi2 = 1 + 3i 2. (a) a = 2k
ai + b(1) = 1 + 3i a2 = 4k2
b + ai = 1 + 3i (b) Substitute a2 = 2b2 into a2 = 4k2.
∴ a=3 2b2 = 4k2
b = 1 b2 = 2k2
b = 1 (c) From (b), b2 is an even number and b is an even
number too.
45. A ∴ 2 is a factor of b.

=
3. From 1(b) and 2(c), 2 is a common factor of a and b.
=
4. Yes, the result in Question 3 contradicts the
= assumption that a and b do not have any common

= i factor (except 1).

∴ = (i)2 017
Conclusion
= (1) 2 017
(i 2 017
)
= (1)(i2)1 008(i)
= (1)(1)1 008(i) Extension

= i Let = , where a and b are positive integers, and

they do not have any common factor (except 1).
46. A 47. D 48. A 49. A
=

3=

a2 = 3b2
Hence, a2 is a multiple of 3 and a is a multiple of 3 too.
∴ 3 is a factor of a.

Inquiry & Investigation 1.1 (P.1.32)

Let a = 3k, where k is an integer.
Investigation Steps
a2 = 9k2
1. (a) = Substitute a2 = 3b2 into a2 = 9k2.
3b2 = 9k2
2=
b2 = 3k2
a2 = 2b2 Hence, b2 is a multiple of 3 and b is a multiple of 3 too.
(b) From (a), a2 is an even number and a is an even ∴ 3 is a factor of b.
number too. ∴ 3 is a common factor of a and b.
∴ 2 is a factor of a. ∵ The result contradicts the assumption that a and b do

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 Chapter 1: Number Systems 28

not have any common factor (except 1). ∴ Only I and III give the results in rational
∴ numbers.

Unit Test (P.1.33) 4. D

1. (a) = (1M) = + 3i

= = + 3i

= = + 3i

= = (ki  2) + 3i
= 2 + (3  k)i
=2+i (1A)

(b) = (2 + i)2 (1M) 5. B

i2(a + bi) = 4 + i
= 2 + 2(2)(i) + i
2 2
(1)(a + bi) = 4 + i
= 4 + 4i + (1)
a  bi = 4 + i
= 3 + 4i (1A)
∴ b = 1
b = 1
2. (1 + 4i)(y + i) = x + 3yi
y + 4yi  i + 4i2 = x + 3yi (1M) 6. C
y + (4y  1)i + 4(1) = x + 3yi
(2  i3)(p  i)
(y  4) + (4y  1)i = x + 3yi
= [2  (i2)(i)](p  i)
∴
= [2  (1)(i)](p  i)
(1M)
= (2 + i)(p  i)
From (2), y = 1 (1A)
= 2p + pi  2i  i2
Substitute y = 1 into (1).
= 2p + (p  2)i  (1)
1  4 = x
= (2p + 1) + (p  2)i
x = 5 (1A) ∴ The real part is 2p + 1.

3. C

I. =

∴ The result of I is a rational number.

II. = 1.570 796…

∴ The result of II is not a rational number.

III.  =  = =

∴ The result of III is a rational number.

© Oxford University Press 2014