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Chapter 1 Class 12 Psychology

The document discusses topics related to psychological assessment including individual differences, situationism, intelligence and its theories, nature and nurture influences, types of intelligence tests, and the relationships between intelligence, culture, emotional intelligence, and creativity.

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kalyani1979
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© © All Rights Reserved
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199 views17 pages

Chapter 1 Class 12 Psychology

The document discusses topics related to psychological assessment including individual differences, situationism, intelligence and its theories, nature and nurture influences, types of intelligence tests, and the relationships between intelligence, culture, emotional intelligence, and creativity.

Uploaded by

kalyani1979
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Ps
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Topics :
Individual differences :
Variations among people’s characteristics and

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behavioural patterns.

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Situationism :

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Influence of situational factors on behavior.
Assessment :
yc
Ps
.1st step in understanding psychological attributes
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.Evaluation using multiple methods


.Types of assessment (standerdised & objective)
(formal, informal)
Assessment methods :

 Psychological testing (standardised & objective

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ot
measure)

Sh
 Interview (one to one basis)

h_
-Structured
-Unstructured yc
Ps
 Case study (in depth study)
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 Observation
 Self report (factual info. about herself/himself)
Domains of psychological attributes
(complex and multidimensional)

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ot
 Intelligence

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 Aptitude (potential)

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 Personality (relatively enduring characteristics)
 Interest (preference)
yc
Ps

 Values (enduring beliefs)


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Intelligence :
 “Power of perceiving, learning, understanding &

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knowing” - Oxford Dictionary.

ot
Sh
 “The ability to judge well, understand well and reason
well” - Alferd Binet.

h_
 “Global and aggregate capacity to think rationally, act
yc
purposefully, and to deal effecively with his/her
Ps
environment. - Wechsler.
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 Some psychologists suggested that intelligent people


not just to adapt environment but also to modify or
shapes it.
Psychometric Approach

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ot
Sh
h_
yc
Ps
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Information Processing Approach

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ot
Sh
h_
yc
Ps
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Nature and nurture :
Evidence for hereditary influences on intelligence
studies in adopted children and twins.

s
ot
-Correlation between children who:

Sh
 Identical twins reared together – 0.90

h_
 Identical twins reared separately – 0.72
 Fraternal twins reared together – 0.60
yc
 Siblings reared together – 0.50
Ps
 Siblings reared apart – 0.25
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-It is reported in studies that as children grow closer to that of their


adoptive parents.
-There is a general consensus among psychologists that
intelligence is a product of complex interaction of heredity(nature)
and environment(nurture).
Assessment of intelligence
 Alfred binet and Theodore Simon in 1905, gave the

s
concept of mental age.

ot
Sh
 Mental Age (MA) and Chronological age (CA).

h_
 In 1912, William Stern, a German psychologist, devised
the concept of yc
Ps
 Intelligence Quotient (IQ).
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 IQ= MA/CA × 100


Normal curve

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ot
Sh
h_
yc
Ps
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Intellectual deficiency
As per American association on mental deficiency (AAMD)

s
Mental retardation refers to:

ot
Sh
• Significantly sub average intellectual functioning
• Deficits in adaptive behavior

h_
• Observed during the development periods
yc
Ps
- Different levels of retardation:
©

 Mild retardation IQ – 55-69


 Moderate retardation IQ – 40-54
 Severe retardation IQ – 25-39
 Profound retardation IQ – BELOW 25
Intellectual giftedness

s
 Show higher performance

ot
Sh
 Study begin in 1925, by LEWIS TERMAN

h_
 Giftedness is combination of 'Triple H'
yc
Ps
 High creativity,
©

 High ability,
 and High commitment.
Types of intelligence tests

s
 Individual or group tests

ot
Sh
 Performance, Verbal or non verbal tests

h_
 Objective and subjective tests
 Power or speed test yc
Ps
 Culture fair and culture biased tests
©
Culture and intelligence
 Technological intelligence (western)

s
ot
- skills of attention, performence, speed, achievement

Sh
orientation.

h_
 Integral intelligence (Indian)
yc
• Cognitive capacity (problem solving, understanding, etc)
Ps

• Social competence (respect, hepl needy, etc.)


©

• Emotional competence (polietness, self moniter,


regulate, etc.)
• Entrepreneurial competence (commitment, hard work)
Emotional intelligence
 Ability to monitor one’s own and other’s emotions, to

s
discriminate among them, and use the info. to guide

ot
one’s thinking and actions.

Sh
 EQ is used to express emotional intelligence in the

h_
same way as IQ is used to express intelligence.
Special abilities :
yc
Ps

 Aptitude (potential)
©

 Interest (preference)
 Creativity (production of something new)
Creativity and intelligence
 • IQ doesn’t affect creativity and vise versa

s
ot
 • Both can be found in same person with different

Sh
levels of each.

h_
 • Relationship is positive between both. (chances)

yc
• Creative tests are open ended and vice versa.
Ps
 • Intelligence tests involves convergent thinking and
©

creative involves divergent.


 etc.. etc..
Topics Covered
 Individual diffrences

s
 Situationism

ot
Sh
 Assessment

h_
 Psychological attributes
yc
 Intelligence and its theories.
Ps
 Nature & nurture's role, IQ, normal curve, MR and G
©

 Types of intelligence tests


 Culture's role in Intelligence, Emotional Intelligence
 Creativity and Intelligence.

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